Workers In Organizations Research Articles

What can be done to reduce the prevalence of teen pregnancy in rural Eastern Uganda?: multi-stakeholder perceptions

IntroductionThe teenage pregnancy rate of 25% in Uganda is worrying though it may seem low compared to 28% in Sub-Saharan countries and West and Central Africa. Young mothers in Uganda risk poor maternal and child health, being isolated, attempting unsafe abortions, failure to continue with school, and poverty. This paper describes perceptions and recommendations of young mothers, family and community members on why the high rate of teenage pregnancies in Uganda and how these can be reduced.MethodsThis qualitative research was conducted from March to May 2016 in six communities within Budondo sub-county (Jinja district), Eastern Uganda. In-depth oral interviews were conducted with 101 purposively sampled adolescent mothers, family members, and workers of government and non-government organizations. Thematic analysis framed around levels of influence within a social cognitive framework was conducted using Atlas-ti (version 7.5.4).ResultsPerceived determinants of teenage pregnancies include: lack of life and social survival skills, lack of knowledge on how to avoid pregnancy, low acceptance/use of contraceptives, neglect by parents, sexual abuse, pressure to contribute to family welfare through early marriage or sexual transactions, lack of community responsibility, media influence, peer pressure, cultural beliefs that promote early marriage/childbearing and lack of role models. Other contributing factors include drug use among boys, poverty, late work hours, long travel distances, e.g., to school, and unsupervised locations like sugarcane plantation thickets. Recommendations participants offered include: sensitization seminars and counselling for parents and girls, closing pornography outlets that accept entrance of minors, using the law to punish rapists, involvement of the President to campaign against early pregnancies, school dismissal before dark, locally accessible schools and job creation for parents to earn money to support the girls financially. Areas for capacity building are: training teachers and community members in transferring empowerment and vocational skills to girls, and construction of homes with separate rooms to support parents’ privacy.ConclusionThe factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Uganda fall under individual, economic, social and physical environmental determinants. Recommendations spanning family, community and government involvement can ultimately empower girls, their families and community members, and support collective action to reduce teenage pregnancies.

Emotional Labor and Other Antecedence of Turnover Intentions, Motivation and Organisational Trust among Employees in Non-Profit Organization of Pakistan

Although the retention of competent workers is critical in all organizations, retaining social workers in nonprofit organizations is especially important because they mainly determine the quality of social services. This paper explores the factors which have an impact on turnover intentions, motivation, and organizational trust in Non-Profit Organizations. For this, we propose a theoretical framework thereby modifying Cho & Song (2017) model, along with adding intrinsic factors like organizational culture, leadership, and rewards. We hypothesize that factors like 1. Supervisory Support, 2. Autonomy, 3. Diverse and inclusive Organizational Culture, 4. Trust in Leadership, 5. Monetary Incentives/ Rewards, and emotional labor (6. Frequency, 7. Variety, 8. Duration, and 9. Intensity level), all produce a positive effect on the motivation of employees, increased Organisational Trust, and decreased Turnover intention among employees of NPO and social workers. This paper particularly focused on emotional labor dimensions such as frequency of emotional display, the intensity of emotional display, and duration of emotional display. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close-ended questionnaire. Data were collected from 220 social workers and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. The results indicate that supervisory support, autonomy, leadership organizational culture, and trust have a significant effect on the motivation, retention, and Organizational trust of employees. However, organizational culture have a negative effect on motivation. Moreover, Apart from leadership, all other factors seem to increase the turnover intentions. With regards to emotional labor dimensions, all factors expect duration did not produce any significant effect on all three dependent variables. This research is useful for NPO’s management as well as future scholars for studying the same domain.

Mediation of work pressure on the relationship between professional compatibility and job rotation: An applied study on Bisha Electricity Company: توسط ضغوط العمل للعلاقة بين التوافق المهني ودوران العمل: دراسة تطبيقية على شركة كهرباء بيشة

The study aims to measure the extent to which work pressure is mediated by the relationship between professional compatibility and work turnover, and to determine the impact of work pressure on the effectiveness and efficiency of workers, to indicate the role of work pressure in work turnover. The importance of the study comes from the role of work stress and its repercussions on the performance of workers in business organizations. It also highlights the relationship between professional alignment and work turnover. A questionnaire was designed and distributed on a simple random sample of (50) individuals, representing 65% of the study population, and recovered all of them. A number of statistical methods were used to validate the hypotheses, including Pearson correlation and simple regression analysis descriptive statistics (percentages, arithmetic averages, Standard deviations) to describe the characteristics of the study sample, Multiple regression analysis to test the effect of mediating work pressure (the intermediate variable) of the relationship between occupational compatibility (independent variable) and work rotation (dependent variable). A single variance analysis was also used to test differences in workers' perceptions of sources of work pressure attributable to personal variables. It also recommended the need to reduce the sources of work pressure related to the human resource by developing and diversifying training programs While providing requirements for a work environment that helps employees to carry out their duties in a highly efficient manner.

Language as a resource with fluctuating values: Arabic speakers in humanitarian and social work

Abstract This paper investigates the fluctuating value of Arabic when constructed as a linguistic resource for multilingual, “languaged” workers in a counselling centre for refugees in Austria and in an international humanitarian agency operating in ongoing conflicts in the Middle East. Drawing on a variety of ethnographic data (observations, interviews and documents), our analyses of the institutionalised division of labour and of workers’ narrative positioning show how workers in both organisations discursively construct this linguistic resource as being of ambivalent value in their positioning vis-à-vis their colleagues, for their careers and in work interactions. Stratifying and empowerment effects are interwoven in the varying and coexisting values of Arabic.

Transforming Nonprofit Organisations into Social Enterprises: An Experience-Based Follow-Up Study

In unstable economic situations, transforming nonprofit organisations into social enterprises is crucial for achieving their social missions under the condition of financial sustainability. Pen and Liang (VOLUNTAS Int J Volunt Nonprofit Org 30(3):460–474, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-018-00071-7 ) indicated that the originality aspect of social entrepreneurial creativity, cognitive empathy, and bonding social capital had positive effects on the social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) of nonprofit organisation workers, whereas the stockholder perspective of social responsibility and affective empathy negatively influenced SEI. However, their study did not address the work-related capacities of nonprofit organisation employees, which are critical to the success of this transformation. Therefore, we tested the effects of prior experience with social problems and work self-efficacy on SEI. The results reveal that the planning and communication aspects of work self-efficacy and prior experience with social problems had significant effects on SEI. Moreover, work self-efficacy mediated the relationship between prior experience with social problems and SEI. The results expand the research framework for this inquiry line and have practical implications for nonprofit organisation transformation.

Institutional logics and the organizational context of music therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aim of this theoretical article is to broaden our conception of the organization as context for music therapy. The theoretical concepts presented can be of interest to music therapy practitioners, researchers, and communities that work with implementing music therapy. Method: Based on a review of the music therapy literature, the author explores how organization theory is currently used to understand the organizational context of music therapy. The author uses an abductive approach in the analysis of the adapted organization theories in the literature, and the implications of the prevailing view of the organization as context for music therapy. Results: The adapted organizational perspectives which are identified in the music therapy literature, leave a theoretical gap between theory and practice. The implication of this gap is that music therapists’ experiences with the organization and other workers’ values, norms, practice, identity, and culture are not sufficiently theoretically captured. In response to these implications, the Institutional Logics Perspective (ILP) is introduced to broaden our understanding of the organizational context for music therapy. Discussion: ILP provides a framework that enables music therapists to assess their organizational context in a way that captures values, norms and established practices. This enabling can potentially lead music therapists to both adopt and change existing values, norms and practices in the organizational context. This reciprocal process can lead to increased understanding of music therapy as mind-set and practice in the organization, which, in turn can contribute to strengthening music therapy as a profession and an institutional field.

المؤسسات الصحفیة المصریة والتحدیات التشریعیة للعصر الرقمی مؤسسة دار التحریر نموذجا

هدفت الدراسة محاولة کشف حجم تأثير الجوانب التشريعية والقانونية على عمل المؤسسات الإعلامية في مصر من خلال وصف وتحليل ونقد وتقويم أداء مؤسسة دار التحرير للنشر والتوزيع في ظل النصوص الدستورية الموجودة في دستور 2014 والقوانين المکملة له التي صدرت في مصر وبحث کيف تأثرت الجوانب الصحفية والإدارية والسياسية والاقتصادية والمالية لهذه المؤسسة بعمل هذه النصوص وتلک القوانين سعيا لقياس الحجم النسبي للجوانب التشريعية في عمل المؤسسات الإعلامية في ظل تحديات العصر الرقمي ، واستخدمت الدراسة أداة تحليل المضمون ، واداة بحث المجموعة الدراسية المستهدفة ، وخلصت الي أن : القوانين التى تضبط عمل النظام الاعلامى توازن بين العام والخاص وتمنع الاحتکار .وتضع في اعتبارها تجارب الماضى وتحديات الحاضر وضرورات المستقبل الرقمى ، القيم الاخبارية التى تضبط عمل المؤسسات الاعلامية ،ووضع قيم اعلامية عربية تنبع من المعادلات الثقافية للمجتمعات العربية ، مواثيق الشرف التى تضبط اداء العاملين فى المؤسسات الاعلامية ، وتهدف جماعات مکافحة التحيز الى خلق وعى عام بانواع التحيزات الاعلامية . Abstract The study aimed to try to uncover the magnitude of the influence of the legislative and legal aspects on the work of media institutions in Egypt by describing, analyzing, criticizing and evaluating the performance of the Dar Al Tahrir Foundation for Publishing and Distribution in light of the constitutional texts found in the 2014 Constitution and the laws that complement it issued in Egypt. He discussed how the press, administrative, political, economic and financial aspects of this institution were affected by the work of these texts and laws in an effort to measure the relative size of the legislative aspects in the work of media institutions in light of the challenges of the digital age. The study used the content analysis tool and the target study group research tool. I concluded that: The laws that control the work of the media system balance between the public and the private and prevent monopoly, and take into account the experiences of the past, the challenges of the present and the necessities of the digital future, the news values ​​that control the work of media institutions, and the establishment of Arab media values ​​that stem from the cultural equations of Arab societies, the codes of honor that It controls the performance of workers in media organizations, and anti-bias groups aim to create public awareness of types of media biases.

Особенности аттестации научных работников

This article is devoted to the features of certification of employees holding the positions of scientific workers in scientific organizations, in scientific organizations involved in scientific and technical activities, as well as organizations, educational programs and programs in the field of education. The article explores the concepts and significance of certification of workers, analyzes the regulatory legal acts on certification of scientists, and analyzes the actual issues of certification of scientists, etc.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ ПО ВОПРОСАМ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ В АПТЕЧНЫХ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ

Purpose of the research – a study of the educational needs of pharmaceutical employees in pharmacy organizations in the field of medical products distribution. Objects and methods: The purpose of the study is to assess the educational needs of pharmaceutical workers in pharmacy organizations through conduction a full-time questionnaire using the author’s questionnaire (30 questions). 360 specialists of the pharmaceutical industry of the Republic of Tatarstan have been interviewed during the study, it meets the criteria of representativeness of the sample with a confidence probability of p=0.95 and an error of 5%. Results: According to the survey, difficulties in the process of working with medical devices are primarily associated with an insufficient level of knowledge of legislative acts. So, 16.4% of respondents have difficulties in reception, 15% - with placement in storage area, 30% - don’t possess sufficient information about the process of dispensing a medical products on preferential terms, 25% – had difficulty responding about the requirements for advertising of medical products. The presence of the educational needs of pharmaceutical workers in the field of medical device distribution also confirmed by the fact that 27.5 % of respondents are not aware of the procedure in case of an unexpected adverse reaction during / after the use of a medical products. Besides, some pharmacy organizations have not developed standard operating protocols for pharmaceutical counseling for the dispensing a medical products. Almost a quarter of respondents rated their knowledge of the application of medical products (indications, contraindications, mode of application, duration of use, etc.) as below average. Conclusion: during the research questionnaire, established that the commodity category “Medical Products” represented in different volumes in each pharmacy organization. This means that every pharmaceutical employer in the course of activity faces with the reception, storage, pharmaceutical counseling of consumers in the process of the medical products distribution. Our research reveals the educational need for legislative regulation of the medical products distribution, contraindications, mode of application and knowledge of the modern assortment. The obtained results confirm the demand to improve the methodology of training specialists in the field of medical products distribution with an increase in the level of knowledge of pharmaceutical specialists.

Creativity and knowledge creation: the moderated mediating effect of perceived organizational support on psychological ownership

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the influences of creativity, psychological ownership (PO) and perceived organizational support (POS) on knowledge creation, using the integrative systems model of creativity.Design/methodology/approachA survey was used to collect data from 188 workers in Korean public service organizations. Analyses, including bootstrapping and hierarchical regression analysis, were performed to determine the mediating effect of PO and also the moderating and the moderated mediating effects of POS.FindingsThe results showed that PO mediates partially between creativity and knowledge creation and that POS moderates the relationship between PO and knowledge creation. Notably, the moderated mediating effect of POS was only significant when employees had a high level of POS.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that creativity dissemination requires employees’ social consciousness, collaborative interactions and organizational support. The results imply that human resource development (HRD) practitioners need to cultivate the creativity capacity in the organization.Originality/valueThis study discusses the effects of PO and POS on creative performance, which HRD professionals and organizational leaders draw attention to for organizational development. Implications for organizational composition and interventions to enhance creative performance are provided.

THE DILEMMA FACED BY NPOS IN RETAINING SOCIAL WORKERS: A CALL TO REVISIT THE RETENTION STRATEGY

The high turnover of social workers in the non-profit organisations (NPOs) sector in South Africa is a major problem that requires further investigation despite the number of studies that have already been conducted in this area. This qualitative study seeks to contribute to the retention of social workers in the NPO sector, and is based on an exploratory survey of the various factors that lead to high social worker turnover. The findings of this paper confirm that NPOs are faced with several challenges in relation to the retention of social workers, and this calls for revisiting the existing retention strategy.

Theoretical understanding of sociomateriality in workplace studies

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a theoretical framework for workplace research based on sociomateriality. Sociomateriality is a theory to explain the effects of social practice and materiality in an organization. Workplace studies in facility management (FM) can adopt this theory to understand the complex relationships between physical work environments and human factors.Design/methodology/approachReview of sociomateriality was conducted to understand the connection to existing workplace studies in FM. This study addresses the components of the workplace through the sociomateriality perspective.FindingsThe main focuses in sociomateriality theory are materiality and social practice. For workplace concepts specifically in FM, workplaces and their components are a material agency, and work and workers are a social practice agency. By considering both materiality and sociality in workplace environments, researchers can understand office dynamics and interrelationships. Lastly, two statistical analysis methods are suggested to analyze the framework: structural equation modeling and multilevel analysis.Originality/valueTo understand the human–environment relationship, it is essential to consider both materiality and social practice perspectives simultaneously. The proposed framework can be a foundation to explain the complex interactions between the physical environment and human factors of workers in individual organizations.

The relationship of compassion and self-compassion with personality and emotional intelligence

The two studies presented in this article examine the relationships of personality traits and trait emotional intelligence (EI) with compassion and self-compassion in samples of Italian workers. Study 1 explored the relationship between trait EI and both compassion and self-compassion, controlling for the effects of personality traits in 219 workers of private Italian organizations. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that trait EI explained variance beyond that accounted for by personality traits in relation to both compassion and self-compassion. Study 2 analyzed the contribution of trait EI in mediating the relationship between personality traits and both compassion and self-compassion of 231 workers from public Italian organizations with results supporting the mediating role of trait EI.

Development and Validation of a Spanish Short Servant Leadership Survey (SSLS6-3F) among Spanish Workers in Religious Non-Profit Organizations

Religious non-profit organizations are becoming increasingly important in the third sector in a wide range of countries, where they are currently leading players in different areas, such as education, healthcare, and social work. These organizations have the peculiarity of providing a service to their users while transmitting them the values of their mission statement. An usually employed and effective management strategy for these institutions is a servant leadership style. This article seeks to introduce a theoretical discussion of this leadership approach by providing a Spanish version of an instrument for measuring servant leadership in Spanish religious non-profit institutions. To this end, workers of different Spanish faith-based non-profit organizations of the third sector, a relatively unexplored context, were analyzed after obtaining 463 valid questionnaires. This study used the Spanish translation of a seven-item and three-factor servant leadership scale. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The results confirm that the six-item and three-factor servant leadership scale was the most effective scale to measure this construct. In conclusion, this research covers a notable research gap by providing a reliable and valid Spanish short version of the servant leadership scale for workers of Spanish religious non-profit organizations.

Features of medical workers work: state of legislation and its development

The article deals with topical issues of medical organizations: a comparative analysis of the legal status of heads of budgetary organizations, including their deputies, heads of branches, the rules governing the “status” of such employees in universities, scientific and medical budget organizations; reduced working hours of medical workers in organizations; practical situations related to the implementation of the rights of medical workers to annual paid leave; the analysis of legislation and law enforcement practice on strengthening the employer’s liability for violations related to employee payments, including vacation pay amounts, was conducted.

Access and Impact of Microcredit on Economic Activities of Organized Women Groups in the Adentan Municipality, Ghana

The paper examines the accessibility of women groups within the Adentan Municipality to micro-credits and their impacts economic activities. Descriptive survey research design was used in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 80 respondents. A semi-structured interview guide and focus group discussions were employed for data collection. The study revealed that respondents accessed microcredits through the initiative of their associations while others did so through their friends or introduction by workers of Microfinance organizations to the women associations. However, the lack of record keeping and inconsistent saving patterns creates challenges in accessing micro-credits. Micro-credits have helped women to improve their capacity to set aside income from their economic activities for savings, pay for their children’s education, as well as improve on their nutritional and medical needs. The study recommends among others that the leadership of women associations need to collaborate with the management of MFOs to educate their members on how to access microcredit services that they provide and the requirements that are needed. This would help those who are yet to access the credits to prepare adequately so that they will not have to face challenges when accessing micro-credits and having to let middle men or women to exploit them.

Impact factors of knowledge sharing intention of it employees in Vietnam – An integrated approach

In the knowledge era, knowledge sharing has been becoming an essential issue to knowledge-based organizations, such as IT businesses. However, knowledge sharing among workers in IT organizations is not efficient in reality. Especially, in a developing country like Vietnam, there is a lack of research in this topic. Therefore, this research tries to identify and to measure the impact of those factors on the knowledge sharing intention of employees in the IT industry. Unlike previous studies, this research integrated factors of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and other factors of the organization environment and ICT to explore their impacts on knowledge sharing intention. Using Convenience sampling method, 257 valid samplings were collected from organizations in IT industry in HCMC. The scale was tested by Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA analysis methods. Based on regression analysis, the factor affecting knowledge sharing intention of employees was sorted by descending order, including: affiliation and innovativeness in an organization, attitude towards knowledge and subjective norms, perceived behavioral control. Besides, the knowledge sharing intention of employees is also indirectly affected by factors: anticipated reciprocal relationship and fairness in organization and support of ICT. The results of the ANOVA analysis show that there is a marked difference in knowledge sharing intention between managers and employees. Based on these results, some suggestions for facilitating knowledge sharing between employees in IT industry are proposed.

Pandemic panic and anxiety in developing countries. Embracing One Health offers practical strategies in management of COVID-19 for Africa

Pandemic panic and anxiety have characterized African governmental response to the COVID-19 outbreak on the continent. As of 3rd April 2020, most governments in Africa have heavily relied on the ministry of health, while failing to identify the essential staff in their national administrative ministries to collaborate with. Promotion of One Health which involves cross-disciplinary collaborations and interdisciplinary interventions involving veterinary, medical, ecological and public health authorities would offer a platform for the promotion of novel COVID-19 strategies in Africa. Collaborations between the human and veterinary medical teams would help deliver crucial services to the grassroots communities faster than is currently the case by reducing the strain on one ministry. Furthermore, the identification of social workers in either government or non-governmental organizations would help create a dynamic and robust team that would help Africa deal with COVID-19 through more practical strategies. This is important since COVID-19 disease control strategies that are being implemented in developed countries might fail without community support, thus increasing the COVID-19 pandemic grip on the continent. In the face of these mounting challenges in this COVID-19 pandemic, embracing One Health offers practical and cheaper disease control strategies for the African continent.

Adaptación de la escala de job crafting: evidencias de validez en el contexto laboral argentino

El término job crafting designa una forma específica de comportamiento proactivo por la cual el empleado realiza voluntariamente cambios en las demandas y/o recursos laborales para impactar positivamente en su propio trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar la Escala de Job Crafting desarrollada por Tims, Bakker y Derks en una muestra de trabajadores argentinos. Se empleó un diseño empírico-instrumental transversal bi-etápico En la primera etapa se ejecutó un estudio sobre una muestra no probabilística de 229 (56% varones; Medad= 33 años; DEedad= 6.24 años; Mantigüedad= 7 años, DEantiguedad= 3.81 años) trabajadores de PYMES radicadas en la ciudad de Rosario. El análisis paralelo optimizado sugirió 4 factores con autovalores propios sobre el percentil 95, los que explicaban el 60% de la varianza del constructo. En la segunda etapa se estudió una nueva muestra no probabilística integrada por 449 trabajadores (67% mujeres; Medad = 34.5 años; DEedad = 12.9; Mantigüedad= 8.6 años, DEantiguedad= 10.21 años) de diversas organizaciones localizadas en el centro-sur de Santa Fe. Análisis factoriales confirmatorios indicaron la adecuación de un modelo tetra-factorial con 19 ítems como variables observables. La versión adaptada de la escala mostró adecuada consistencia interna, confiabilidad compuesta y validez convergente-discriminante. Las correlaciones positivas significativas encontradas entre las puntuaciones en las escalas de job crafting, capital psicológico, implicación en el trabajo y personalidad proactiva indicaron validez concurrente. Los resultados obtenidos proporcionan evidencias de validez de la adaptación de la escala de job crafting en el contexto laboral argentino. Se discuten los hallazgos. Se señalan fortalezas, limitaciones e implicancias de la investigación realizada.

Acquiring knowledge workers in organizations

Motivation: In modern enterprises, the basic meaning — in connection with the depletion of other capital resources, and especially natural resources — is the knowledge that determines the value of human capital used in organizations. Very often, therefore, we are currently meeting the term economy based on knowledge, which means the ability of the economy to absorb and simultaneously generate processes related to shaping the competencies of human resources. It is extremely important to verify the relationship between the organization and the labor market as a source of knowledge workers acquisition. The importance of knowledge management in contemporary organizations is the result of the appearance of people with such a unique level of knowledge that they usually decide about the success of the organization’s activities. They are known as knowledge workers. Acquiring knowledge workers is now a must for all organizations, and their management. Aim: The main objective of the study is to present the category of knowledge workers in the context of knowledge management and the possibility of acquiring such employees by modern organizations. The method used in the study is a study review of the literature and statistical analysis of databases. Results: The added value of the analysis is the indication of the relationship between the