Office Work Research Articles

Exploring Leadership in the Hybrid Workplace

The workplace and work life has changed due to advances in digital technology, which has increased distributed work. Many organizations no longer work in a physical office, but in a hybrid workplace where organizational members work both remotely, using digital technology, and in the physical office. This literature review explores and examines the existing research on leadership in hybrid workplaces. While there is a large body of research on e-leadership and numerous studies on the pandemic, there is a paucity of research on the leadership of hybrid workplaces, which is crucial in the present workplace. Hence, this paper is a systematic review of the literature that addresses leadership in the hybrid workplace across disciplines. A total of 48 papers from six databases were analyzed and interpreted. This review reveals the different but complementary disciplinary focus contributing to developing the knowledge of leadership in the hybrid workplace. It also presents a comprehensive overview of changes to the workplace and the critical challenges leaders face with the abrupt switch to the new structure of the workplace. This work has significant learning points for leadership practice in the contemporary workplace. It offers a conceptualization of hybrid leadership, along with propositions for future research.

Comparative Study of Employee Motivation for Those Working from Home Versus Those Working in the Office

Introduction/Main Objectives: Remote work has been one of the most effective solutions for companies during the recent pandemic. It has transformed our perspective on work by offering employees significant flexibility in both their work locations and schedules. Background Problems: With the pandemic now considered endemic, some individuals are choosing to return to the office, while others still prefer working from home. An employee's choice between office work and remote work is strongly tied to their work motivation. It is essential for companies to identify the factors driving these preferences to manage their employees effectively and efficiently. Novelty: The first comparative case study on employee motivation between remote work and office work in Indonesia's IT industry. Research Methods: This case study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews with six informants from an IT company. Finding/Results: Employees are more motivated when they work in the office compared to when they work from home, with office-based employees generally feeling more motivated due to factors like improved communication, tangible recognition, a stronger sense of achievement, better growth-supporting tools, and a more comfortable work environment. Conclusion: The research shows that working from the office is generally favored over working from home. However, the company should continue offering both options, not only due to the nature of the IT industry but also to combine the benefits of both in-office and remote work. leverage the benefits of both work environments.

Interactive Simulation of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions of Airborne Disease Transmission in Office Settings

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused major disruptions to workplace safety and productivity. A browser-based interactive disease transmission simulation was developed to enable managers and individuals (agents) to optimize safe office work activities during pandemic conditions. The application provides a user interface to evaluate the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) policies on airborne disease exposure based on agents’ meeting patterns and room properties. Exposure is empirically calibrated using CO2 as a proxy for viral aerosol dispersion. For the building studied, the major findings are that the cubicles during low occupancy produce unexpectedly high exposure, upgrading meetings to larger rooms reduces total average exposure by 44%, and when all meetings are conducted in large rooms, a 79% exposure reduction is realized.

Are the Quality of Organizational Changes Associated with Expected Retirement-Age Among Senior Employees?

Major organizational changes may be associated with both positive and negative uncertainty in working life. This study described the prevalence of organizational changes (reorganizations or round of layoffs) within different job functions in Denmark and investigated whether quality of the implementation process (measured as "information", "involvement" and "consent") was associated with employees' expectations regarding retirement age. A representative sample of older Danish employees ≥ 50years (n = 12,269) replied to a questionnaire survey in 2020. In cross-sectional analyses, we compared employee's expected retirement age being either not exposed to organizational changes or exposed to implementation processes of high, moderate or low-quality, respectively. Analyses were further stratified for job function: office work, work with people and work in the field of production. More than half (56%) of the employees had experienced organizational changes within the past 2years, and 23% of those effected reported that the changes had led to considerations of earlier retirement. Organizational changes were most prevalent within office work, and least prevalent within the job function working with people. The analyses showed significantly lower expected retirement age when the implementation process had been of moderate (mean reduction of 0.45years) or low quality (mean reduction of 0.71years) compared to high quality implemented changes. Experiences of organizational change processes of moderate or poor quality were associated with expectations of earlier retirement, while well implemented changes were not. This study underscores the importance of good implementation when changes at the organizational level are needed.

Evaluating Typing Performance in Different Mixed Reality Manifestations using Physiological Features

Mixed reality enables users to immerse themselves in high-workload interaction spaces like office work scenarios. We envision physiologically adaptive systems that can move users into different mixed reality manifestations, to improve their focus on the primary task. However, it is unclear which manifestation is most conducive for high productivity and engagement. In this work, we evaluate whether physiological indicators for engagement can be discriminated for different manifestations. For this, we engaged participants in a typing task in three different mixed reality manifestations (augmented reality, augmented virtuality, virtual reality) and monitored physiological correlates (EEG, ECG, and eye tracking) of users' engagement and workload. We found that users achieved best typing performances in augmented reality and augmented virtuality. At the same time, physiological engagement peaked in augmented virtuality, while workload decreased. We conclude that augmented virtuality strikes a good balance between the different manifestations, as it facilitates displaying the physical keyboard for improved typing performance and, at the same time, allows one to block out the real world, removing many real-world distractors.

IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA BIM EM ESCRITÓRIO DE PEQUENO PORTE DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL EM JARU/RO

The BIM methodology has been implemented globally in the construction sector, becoming an essential tool for professionals due to its efficiency, quality and savings it provides in the project development and management process. Although its application on the international scene has been occurring for years, Brazil faces some challenges in fully implementing this system, which results in inefficiencies in projects, rework at construction sites, longer completion times and high costs. The use of BIM involves making several project stages compatible, with precise detailing and checking construction interferences, thus facilitating the execution of the work and increasing the client's reliability through efficiency and transparency. Therefore, this work consists of analyzing the BIM implementation process, identifying motivating factors, difficulties and changes in project practices. As a parameter for analyzing the objectives, the methodology was based on a case study together with an engineering office working mainly in public projects. With this, it was observed that understanding BIM and continuous training are crucial for efficiency and competitiveness in the market, highlighting the importance of cultural transformation within companies for the successful adoption of this methodology.

GESTÃO PÚBLICA, SILOS DE INFORMAÇÃO E TELETRABALHO: ESTUDO DE CASO DA FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE ALAGOAS

This article makes a bibliographic review on telework and its consequences, in the face of the biggest health crisis installed by COVID-19. It reviews concepts about the new Public management, or Management Administration, started in the seventies in Brazil, it revises concepts of information silos, which emerged as a hindrance to productivity in teleworking in companies. It does a quantitative research with ninety-six employees of the Foundation for Support of Research of the State of Alagoas on the introduction of the modality of home office work.

Evolution and future directions of Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC): A comprehensive review

Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has rapidly evolved, revolutionizing the creation of text, images, audio, and video content. Despite these advancements, research on the development process of AIGC technology remains scarce, necessitating a systematic discussion of its current state and future directions. So this paper delves into the significant advancements and foundational technologies driving AIGC, emphasizing the contributions of state-of-the-art models such as DALL-E 3 [1] and Sora [2]. We analyze the evolution of generative models from single-modal approaches to the current multimodal generative models. The paper further explores the application prospects of AIGC across various domains such as office work, art, education, and film, while addressing the existing limitations and challenges in the field. We propose potential improvement directions, including more efficient model architectures and enhanced multimodal capabilities. Emphasis is placed on the environmental impact of AIGC technologies and the need for sustainable practices. Our comprehensive review aims to provide researchers and professionals with a deeper understanding of AIGC, inspiring further exploration and innovation in this transformative domain.

Organization of remote work: Ukrainian legislation and standards of the European Union

The article explores remote work in Ukraine and its alignment with European Union (EU) standards. It analyses the Ukrainian Labour Code and the 2002 EU Framework Agreement on Telework. It is emphasized reveals both similarities and differences between the two documents. Both emphasize the voluntary nature of telework, ensuring equal rights and protections for remote workers as those on-site. They prioritize health, safety, privacy, and confidentiality, mandating employers to provide necessary equipment and maintain safe working conditions. The author emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between the concepts of “remote work” and “home-based work”. It is established that the term “remote work” differs from “telework” in its international understanding and encompasses a broader scope than home-based work. However, a comparison between the definitions of telework provided in the European Framework Agreement on Telework of 2002 and remote work as outlined in the Ukrainian Labour Code concludes their synonymity. Other differences have also been scrutinized in the article: Ukraine allows employees combine remote work with office work (hybrid work), while the EU doesn’t address this yet. Ukraine also guarantees the right to disconnect, allowing remote workers to switch off after work. The EU is working on updates to cover these areas and create a more consistent approach across member States: This might include the right to disconnect, equal treatment for remote workers, and clearer rules for hybrid work. It was concluded that both regions need further development: Ukraine needs to address remote work abroad and data security, while the EU needs to modernize its framework.

Дамское отделение Нижегородского попечительного о тюрьмах комитета (конец 1911–1912 гг.): причины создания, функции, историческое значение

The article is devoted to the charitable activities of the «Ladies’ branch of the Nizhny Novgorod prison board», which in late 1911–1912 was headed by Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Khvostova, the wife of Nizhny Novgorod governor Alexei Nikolaevich Khvostov. During the entire existence of the Nizhny Novgorod prison committee (1846–1917) this was the first and only experience of the functioning of the Ladies’ department created under it. The novelty of this article lies in the formulation of the problem, the involvement of new historical sources. The chronological framework is determined by the time of operation of this charity. The main historical source was the Case of the Nizhny Novgorod provincial prison inspectorate “I” Office work. About the correspondence of the Nizhny Novgorod Ladies’ branch of the Society for the care of prisons in 1911. It is stored in the fund 386 Nizhny Novgorod prison inspectorate (1908–1918) of the Central archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Unpublished epistolary and clerical materials, reference materials, pre–revolutionary periodical press — the journal Prison bulletin were used. The author came to the conclusion that the main reason for the creation of the Ladies’ department of the Nizhny Novgorod prison committee was the fight against child crime, the need to open special educational and correctional institutions for detained children and juvenile delinquents, who were held mainly together with adult prisoners in prisons of the Russian empire at the beginning of the XX century. E. A. Khvostova was engaged in collecting charitable funds for the opening of a shelter located at the Second Nizhny Novgorod provincial prison, providing assistance to unhappy children. An important result of her work was the appearance of such a shelter with an elementary school, a children’s library, and craft workshops.

EVALUATION OF REMOTE WORKING IN THE CONTEXT OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY FOR EMPLOYEES IN THE COVİD-19 PERIOD

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic that emerged in 2019, the traditional full-time working model was replaced by alternative working models. The current standard working model -with the progress of Covid-19- was abandoned by companies, and various companies have preferred the remote working model. This article was conducted to reveal the effects of remote working on employees and to offer suggestions for employers. This research was designed as qualitative research. Data were collected by phone calls or Zoom meetings over a semi-structured interview with 20 people working in various sectors and experienced in remote working. The results showed the disadvantages of remote working, such as communication problems arising from the inability to communicate face-to-face and extended working hours. It is recommended that countries adapt their laws considering the effects of remote work, and companies can prefer the hybrid model instead of office work.

Comparison Of Device-measured Sleep Behaviors In Home Vs. Office Work Locations.

Comparison Of Device-measured Sleep Behaviors In Home Vs. Office Work Locations.

MEANS OF RESEARCH COMPETENCE FORMATION IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DURING BUSINESS FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSES

The article examines the means of research competence formation in university students during Business Foreign Language classes. The means of research competence formation through the developing of its key components such as methodological literacy, analytical skills, critical thinking skills and communication skills have been outlined. The development of methodological literacy is seen as a multifaceted process involving the study of the theoretical underpinnings of research, the practical application of methods, the development of critical thinking and data analysis skills. Analytical skills – the ability to process and interpret information – are considered necessary for a deep understanding of language, the effective use of new knowledge and its integration into different contexts. It has been noted that analytical skills help higher education students not only to learn grammar and vocabulary, but also to apply knowledge in real-life situations, to draw logical conclusions and to structure educational information. The development of critical thinking skills is observed as an important element in the successful acquisition of both language and analytical skills. They can be formed by integrating different tasks that encourage students to analyse, evaluate and argue. The development of communication skills is facilitated by the active practice of different formats, with the opportunity not only to learn business vocabulary, but also to master effective strategies of interaction in a work context. The means of developing research competence and its key components in Business English have been indicated. They are discussion of current office work issues, analysis of authentic business texts, translation and interpretation of business documents, presentations (reports), research projects, writing abstracts and business letters.

Research on the Construction of Scenarios for Blockchain to Empower Government Governance

This paper delves into the potential and practical challenges of blockchain in government governance. As a cutting-edge development in information and communication technology, blockchain offers unique capabilities in data management and value transfer, presenting new solutions for government governance. The article begins with an overview of the definition, connotation, and current application status of blockchain technology, and then constructs typical scenarios where blockchain technology empowers government governance, including electronic credentials, government data circulation, data resource sharing, collaborative office work, and digital rural revitalization. By realizing these scenarios, the paper analyzes the main problems and challenges faced by blockchain technology in government governance, such as inadequate infrastructure, data leakage risks, and difficulties in inter-departmental collaboration. Finally, a series of suggestions and prospects are put forward to promote the effective application of blockchain technology in digital government affairs, enhancing the transparency, efficiency, and intelligent level of government governance

The use of individual and collective selection, optimisation and compensation (SOC) strategies and their association with work ability among senior workers

Background Selection, optimisation, and compensation (SOC) can be important strategies for maintaining work ability as we age. This study aimed to explore differences in self-reported individual and collective use of SOC strategies across job functions, as well as their association with self-rated work ability. Methods: In the third wave of the SeniorWorkingLife study, 10,798 workers aged 50 + , across the job function categories “Office work”, “work with people”, and “work in the field of production”, replied to questions about collective and individual SOC strategies and work ability. Using multiple regression, we modelled associations between SOC and work ability. Results: Associations between SOC and work ability were generally weaker among participants working in the field of production. Both individual and collective use of selection had much weaker associations with work ability in the job functions “office work” and “working with people”. In the job function “working in the field of production”, only collective compensation was positively associated with work ability while individual selection was significantly but negatively associated with work ability. Conclusions: The use of SOC may be particularly beneficial for older employees working with people. Optimisation and compensation may be the most important SOC strategies for maintaining the work ability of older employees working with people and doing office work. For older employees working in the field of production, collective optimisation may support the maintenance of work ability while reduced work ability may be associated with the use of individual selection as a “coping strategy”.

Digitalisation and sustainability measures at the firm level

The paper analyses the “twin transition” of digitalisation and sustainability at the firm level. Operational definitions of digitalisation and sustainability allowing the development of fitting empirical indicators are discussed. The possible technical and social transmission channels of the effects of digitalisation on a sustainable firm development are analysed. Less energy consumption induced by intelligent sensoring systems, the reduction of meetings in presence by video conferences or the promotion of home office work leading to less travel activities may lead to a more sustainable production. Digitalisation might also act as pre-condition of eco-process innovations (e. g. the introduction of intelligent control systems leading to material and energy savings). The empirical analysis is based on firm data of the recent Eurobarometer 486/2020 of the European Commission. The econometric results show that “digitally active” firms seem to be more sustainable for all available indicators, but the marginal effects considerably differ between measures such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, or the use of smart devices and intelligent sensors for the various sustainability-related activities of the firms.

The Implementation of an Electronic Integrated Management System at PT. ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero)

This research aims to increase information and knowledge related to digitalization innovations developed and implemented by PT ASDP Indonesia Ferry (Persero), namely Electronic Integrated Management Systems to support daily office work needs starting from the administration process (submission), preparation process, approval process to the process of storing company procedural documents. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques, namely observational studies, literature studies, interviews and documentation as primary data, while the secondary data used are previous articles/journals and books related to the research. In this research, researchers used a purposive sampling technique to take some data sources, namely informants or research subjects from the total number of informants, so that they became data sources that were relevant to the research topic. And the researcher validated the data in this research using triangulation techniques and in analyzing the data the researcher used an interactive analysis model. The research results show that the implementation of E-SMT to date has gone well according to its function in managing SOPs at ASDP. However, several SOP management processes have not been fully integrated into the application. So the implication of this research is that to achieve employee performance that is classified as more effective, companies must pay attention to the obstacles that occur and develop an E-SMT application that is designed and built so that the SOP management process can run optimally and completely digitally so that there are no more processes manually.

The Scale of Application of Electronic Documentary Communications as the Most Important Indicator for Assessing the Digitalization of Judicial Activities

The only way to speed up and ensure the quality of transmission and receipt of information between courts, participants in legal proceedings, bodies of the Judicial Department system and other entities is the use of modern information technologies. The system-structural, cultural, historical, sociological, statistical methods of scientific knowledge contributed to the implementation of the research objectives. The author defines the differences between the concepts of “documented information” and “documented communications”. The factors influencing the development of electronic documentary communications in the activities of courts have been established. Improving regulatory support is the leading of these factors. At the same time, interaction with the Federal Archival Agency in matters of creating legislation on office work in the Russian Federation was identified as a promising direction. Standardization and simplification of departmental normative regulation in modern conditions can be carried out by creating a single instruction for courts of general jurisdiction on judicial workflow, which should have a high degree of operational electronic component, taking into account the procedural features of the activities of various courts. Based on the proven experience of pilot courts and the use of available resources of the State Autonomous System “Pravosudie”, it seems appropriate to create a permanent system for monitoring the work of the apparatus of the courts in connection with the conduct of electronic documentary communications. The authorized federal subject, the Judicial Department, is entitled to administer this system. As a result of the study, the scientific basis for the practical implementation of the idea of replacing paper judicial documentary communications with electronic ones is determined – this is the cumulation of knowledge and methods of various knowledge systems – jurisprudence, information technology, document science and archival science.

ГИБРИДНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ РАБОТЫ: PRO ET CONTRA

The article is devoted to the study of the prospects and problems of developing a hybrid work model, which has already become an inevitable solution for many organizations. The main options for implementing the hybrid model are presented, as well as other advantages compared to traditional office work and completely remote work. Typical problems arising in a hybrid environment and their manifestations in such areas as communications and cooperation, professional development, corporate culture, staff well-being, productivity and motivation, technological safety are highlighted). It is shown that the features of hybrid work often conflict with established management practices. Based on a generalization of experience in implementing a hybrid work model, national and global studies, recommendations are substantiated to overcome difficulties and find the optimal balance between the advantages and disadvantages of working in a hybrid environment.

Influence of partition layouts on speech privacy in open-plan offices

Different partition layouts were compared to determine how to increase speech privacy while maintaining communication efficiency between workers in an open-plan office. A preliminary survey was used to determine current usage and conditions of partitions in open-plan offices. The survey results were used to select four partition layouts for testing: face-to-face, parallel, crossed-rod, and orthogonal. A computer modeling was used to test the partition layouts at three different partition heights: 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 m. The modeling results showed that the parallel- and crossed-rod-type layouts offered the best speech privacy at the lowest partition height, but the differences among layouts disappeared as the partition height was increased. Furthermore, an acoustic field experiment was performed using partitions with a 1.5 m height following the ISO 3382-3 standard. The experimental results showed that the face-to-face layout resulted in the least speech privacy. Based on these results, an open-plan office needs to ensure that workers are spaced a sufficient distance apart and that they do not face each other to ensure speech privacy. Additionally, speech privacy should be considered in the design stage of the office space.