Workers Of Industrial Enterprises Research Articles

Regarding the influence of national factors on the biotic component of the enterprise's material backpack formation

Relevance of research. Sustainable Development Goal No. 12 refers to reducing the resource intensity of the economy by reducing the costs of material input in production chains. The famous German scientist Friedrich Schmidt-Blick proposed the concept of an ecological backpack as a characteristic of hidden material flows accompanying the entire life cycle of a product. A separate component of the backpack is the biotic part, which was heavy enough when, for example, horse traction was used in old mines. Food self-satisfaction of the staff based on the salary led to the fact that the consumption of food in the production process remained outside the analysis of the company's material flows. The purpose of the study is to prove/refute the validity of the hypothesis regarding the significant dependence of the biotic component of the material backpack on national traditions and the material income of workers of industrial enterprises. Research methods: mathematical statistics. The basis of research is long-term observation of food consumption in Ukraine and abroad, in particular, Poland and China. Main results. In the course of research, certain traditions characteristic of Ukrainian realities were revealed: consumption of food products by the average Ukrainian with a probability of 0.95 is 58.75±0.04 kg per month (698±0.5 kg per year); the structure of the consumer basket in Ukraine contains 33% – milk and dairy products, 15% – vegetables; 14% – bakery products and cereals, 11% – potatoes, 8% – meat and meat products; the average person in Ukraine consumes more food than recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (by approximately 5%); residents of rural areas consume more food than urban residents (by almost 6% – 57.9 kg per month versus 54.7 kg). It has been statistically proven that the annual volume of food consumption by residents of Ukraine (689 kg) is significantly greater than that of residents of Poland (456 kg) and, even more so, China (413 kg). National differences concerning food preferences have been revealed. Quantitative differences in the national consumption of food products by producers determine the different content of the material backpack of industrial products, which provides certain competitive advantages/disadvantages to the subjects of international market activity. In addition to the national traditions of food consumption, there are laws that determine the influence of the average per capita household equivalent total income on the weight of the food basket. On the basis of official statistical data, a mathematical dependence of the logarithmic form of the amount of food consumption on the average per capita income of a household member is proposed.

Vocational educational ecosystem of an industrial enterprise: concept, features, experience

Introduction. In modern conditions of rapid scientific and technological development, the training of highly qualified personnel is one of the most important tasks for most countries of the world. In this regard, it is of interest to study productive forms of interaction between education and the real sector of the economy. The aim of this research is to study the content of the vocational educational, to identify its features and development prospects. Methodology and methods. Systematic and comparative analysis was used to study the characteristics and significance of the vocational education ecosystem. In order to assess the influence of the vocational educational ecosystem on the formation of human capital of the enterprise that initiated its creation, two groups of its employees (30 people each) who received vocational education in educational organizations of the vocational-educational ecosystem and in other organizations were interviewed. In order to assess the impact of the vocational educational ecosystem on the development of human capital, a survey was conducted of 95 enterprise employees with higher education and experience from 3 to 25 years. The method of group assessments, questionnaires, and the Mann-Whitney U-test are applied Results. Analysis of the literature made it possible to identify the educational ecosystem as a special socio-economic ecosystem that has systemic characteristics, but has its own characteristics, expressed in the specificity of the goal, the presence of a special composition of key stakeholders and non-hierarchical connections between them. Using the example of the vocational educational ecosystem of a large machinebuilding enterprise in the Rostov region (Russian Federation), its specificity and importance for the enterprise are shown. A survey of industrial enterprise workers who received education in educational organizations of the vocational educational ecosystem and other educational organizations showed that the average period of professional adaptation for the first group was about 4.9 months, and for the second group – 9.9. Similarly, satisfaction with the practical skills acquired during the training process differs between the two groups of respondents. To assess the period of professional adaptation U = 75 at p < 0.01, to assess satisfaction with practical skills U = 264 at p < 0.01. 71.6% of surveyed enterprise employees at the second stage noted that over the past year they received new professional knowledge from employees of the academic sector. Conclusion. The key advantage of the vocational educational ecosystem is the pronounced practice-oriented orientation of training and the reduction of the period of professional adaptation of graduates, as well as the availability of opportunities for interaction between enterprise employees and representatives of universities or scientific organizations to resolve professional issues.

Induction of apoptosis at the molecular genetic level exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles in a chronic animal experiment

Introduction. Workers of industrial enterprises and the population living nearby are at risk of lead poisoning. Lead exposure can lead to irreversible negative consequences for the body, including hepatic and renal dysfunction, hematopoietic damage, cognitive dysfunction, and impairment of the genetic apparatus of the human cell. In this regard, it is necessary to study characteristics of the toxic effect of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs) to determine their health effects and minimize related disorders and diseases.
 The purpose of the study was to determine the level of expression of the BAX, BCL-2, P53, GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2 genes in various organs of laboratory rats following the exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles.
 Materials and methods. Twenty mature female albino Wistar rats were used in a four month experiment with chronic inhalation exposure to PbO NPs, 10 animals per group (exposure and control). The mean concentration of PbO NPs in the inhaled air was 0.215 mg/m3. At the end of the exposure period, organ fragments from the decapitated animals were fixed in liquid nitrogen and subsequently stored in a freezer at –80 °C. Total RNA was isolated from tissues using the ExtractRNA reagent. The expression level was determined by quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR.
 Results. The BAX expression in the liver of rats exposed to PbO NPs for 4 months was by 2.2 times higher than in the control group (p=0.009). We observed a trend towards an increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in hepatocytes indicating apoptotic processes. The P53 expression level was by 1.4 times higher in the olfactory bulb of the exposed rats (p=0.025) when compared to the controls. No changes were found in the expression levels of antioxidant genes GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2.
 Limitations. The study was conducted using female Wistar rats with no potential sex differences taken into account.
 Conclusion. Chronic inhalation exposure to PbO NPs induces apoptosis in rat liver through the BAX/BCL-2 pathway and rat brain through the regulation of P53.

Protection of the Rights of Workers of Industrial Enterprises by International Humanitarian Law (on the Example of the War in Ukraine)

The purpose of the research is to assess the state of protection of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises from the viewpoint of both international and national legislation in the conditions of a full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. The research was conducted using qualitative analysis, formal-legal, logical-legal, system-functional methods, as well as the method of interpreting legal norms (method of legal hermeneutics). The paper states the insufficient effectiveness of the norms of modern international humanitarian law regarding the protection of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. The paper describes the general and special regime of regulation of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. For the first time, the authors proposed to understand the protection of the rights of individuals by international humanitarian law in both a broad and a narrow sense, and the meaning of such approaches was revealed. The publication developed recommendations for the protection of the rights of workers of industrial enterprises in the conditions of armed conflicts, recommendations which are important for the development of regulations, which indicates the practical significance of the paper.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCEDURE OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EXPERTISES AS A BASIS FOR THE SELECTION OF STRESS-RESISTANT EMPLOYEES INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AT WORK WITH HARMFUL WORK CONDITIONS

Goal. Development of recommendations for improvement of the "Organization Procedure and conducting a psychophysiological examination of employees for the performance of elevated work dangers and those requiring professional selection" of industrial workers enterprises at work with harmful working conditions with mandatory consideration factor of stress resistance. Approach. An analysis of the current procedure for psychophysiological examination was carried out. To improve the procedure psychophysiological examination, a step-by-step decision process was used, which will help to solve the problems of predicting professional suitability with taking into account the factor of stress resistance of workers of industrial enterprises at work with harmful working conditions. Indicators of the labor process are highlighted, which characterize professionally important physical and psycho-emotional loads, from which depends on the effectiveness of professional activity. Use is justified transformative-variable testing procedure, which will allow to obtain individual assessment of the suitability of employees to work on jobs with harmful working conditions Conclusion. The application of a complex approach to formation of the procedure for conducting a psychophysiological examination with the use of foreign experience and taking into account the domestic mentality for promotion stress resistance of workers of industrial enterprises in work with harmful working conditions. The improved procedure will meet the criteria of comprehensiveness, organically combine the principles of variability and standardization and, based on a set of norms and recommendations, to assess the stress resistance of the employee. As a direction it is advisable to indicate the need for development and justification of further research transformative and variable testing, which will determine the level of stress resistance of workers of industrial enterprises in jobs with harmful working conditions. Consequences of research. Improvements to the "Order of organization and conducting a psychophysiological examination of employees for the performance of elevated work dangers and those requiring professional selection" using indicators of the labor process to develop an assessment of the level of stress for each of them in accordance with "Hygienic classification of work according to indicators of harmfulness and dangerousness of factors production environment, difficulty and tension of the labor process". Practical consequences. Recommendations for improvement of the "Organization Procedure and conducting a psychophysiological examination of employees for the performance of elevated work dangers and those requiring professional selection" in order to select stress-resistant ones workers of industrial enterprises in jobs with harmful working conditions. Originality. The use of the criteria proposed in "Hygienic classification of labor according to indicators of harmfulness and dangerousness of production factors environment, difficulty and tension of the labor process": intellectual load, load on the sensory apparatus, emotional load, monotony and work mode for psychophysiological examination, for the purpose of selection stress-resistant workers to work with harmful working conditions.

On the Issue of Assessing the Levels of Noise and Vibration Impacts on Workers of Industrial Enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Introduction. Ensuring safe and comfortable working conditions is one of the most important tasks in the organization of modern production processes that have a direct impact on employee productivity, injuries and occupational diseases. Despite all the efforts made both at the state and departmental levels, the current state of occupational safety and health of industrial workers in the Republic of Kazakhstan continues to remain at an insufficiently high level. The main cause of occupational injuries and occupational diseases is the impact on working personnel of dangerous and harmful production factors, one of which is an increased level of noise and vibration from production equipment. The authors analyze statistical data on the number of cases of injuries, their types and causes of occurrence in workers by sectors of the economy of the republic. The influence of noise and vibration on the health of workers is considered. It is found that an increased level of noise and vibration effects causes injuries to a lesser extent, and occupational diseases to a greater extent. The work objective is instrumental measurement of noise and vibration levels in the workplaces of production sites of a machine-building enterprise and assessment of working conditions there to develop effective measures to reduce the harmful effects on the health of workers.Materials and Methods. Statistical data on occupational injuries and occupational diseases were used as basic information, as well as the results of instrumental measurements of the level of noise and vibration effects on workers using the methods set out in GOST ISO 9612-2016 and GOST 31319-2006, taking into account Order of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan of February 16, 2022 № KR DSM-15 «On approval of hygienic standards to physical factors that have an impact on a person».Results. The results of the conducted research allowed us to conclude that about 22.6% of workplaces at production sites are characterized by harmful and dangerous working conditions in terms of noise and vibration effects on workers.Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, a plan of priority measures was developed to reduce the harmful effects of increased noise and vibration in the workplace. The authors also recommend a special working regime, benefits and additional payments to employees for working conditions that do not meet safety requirements.

ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE

The article examines the results of the analysis of socio-cultural and ecological components, defines the main features of these components of sustainable development of the studied industrial enterprises as a whole. A study of the main indicators that determine and reflect the socio-cultural component of the implementation of the germinal development of industrial enterprises of the Ternopil Region was carried out. The negative dynamics of the decrease in the share of profit oriented towards the social needs of both the workers of industrial enterprises and the community they represent are highlighted. An increase in labor productivity was noted at all the investigated enterprises. An analysis of the ecological component was carried out. The criteria that must be used when developing a strategy for the sustainable development of an industrial enterprise are described, and this will allow preserving the environment for future generations, and will not worsen the environmental conditions around the enterprise itself. It was determined that the basis of the current germinative development of industrial enterprises should be the protection and rational treatment of the environment. It was emphasized that it is necessary to solve the most painful problems, namely: pollution of air, water, and soil. The world experience of industrial entrepreneurship, which offers the basis of ways in the field of solid household waste management, is described. Having studied the socio-cultural and ecological components, it should be noted that the main threats in the future may be: an increase in the level of inflation, a decrease in wages for employees of an industrial enterprise, the destruction of socio-cultural infrastructure and environmental pollution due to the military invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine. In general, negative trends require the implementation of the concept of strategizing actions focused on strengthening the main components of the German development of these industrial enterprises.

Assessment of nutrition and risks of development of the main general pathological syndromes in workers at industrial enterprises

Optimal nutrition is one of the foundations of public health, but before developing and implementing effective programs to improve the nutrition of the able-bodied population at the regional and corporate level, it is important to know the nutritional situation of the target group. The study aims to assess the nutrition and risks of the development of the main general pathological syndromes in workers of industrial enterprises of the Republic of Buryatia. The study was conducted among male workers (n=251) aged 20-64 years, working at an Aircraft factory (group 1, n=71) with an average work experience of 19.72 (16.11; 23.33) years and thermal power plants (group 2, n=72) with an average work experience of 17.00 (13.68; 20.32) years. The comparison group (group 3, n=108) includes workers from the same enterprises without contact with occupational hazards, the average length of service is 19.79 (17.11; 22.48) years. Experts have carried out a nutrition assessment by the questionnaire method, followed by the use of the 24-hour power reproduction method in a computer program. The criteria for dividing into subgroups for assessing actual nutrition were based on the calculation of body mass index and age. We used an automated system for quantifying the risks of major general pathological syndromes (ASQRAS) to assess the health status of employees. Scientists analyzed the results of the study using generally accepted statistical methods. It is shown that the nutrition structure of workers in the main industries of the Republic of Buryatia is suboptimal, characterized by the predominance of the specific weight of total fats, which amounted to 41.03-45.25% of the caloric content of diets mainly due to the high proportion of saturated fatty acids 13.18-14.78%, low proportion of total carbohydrates 38.22-41.09% and critically low dietary fiber content - 2.31-2.50g per 1000 kcal. The obtained significant associations between overweight and various degrees of obesity with the risk of developing nutrition-related diseases, according to ASQRAS results in workers working in harmful conditions at thermal power plants, are probably due to a higher lipid content in their diet (χ2=7.04; p=0.001). The results of this study can be used to substantiate nutrition recommendations at the regional and corporate level. Limitations. The study had certain limitations in the form of survey opportunities, subject to the subjective opinion of respondents. Ethics. The researchers conducted a study in compliance with the Ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association of the last revision and the approval of the Local Ethics Committee of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research (conclusion No. 1 of January 14, 2021).

Robotization of industrial production using exoskeletons with textile elements

In this paper, the design of the upper limps exoskeleton on a textile basis is considered as a means of increasing the efficiency of manual labor at industrial facilities and enterprises of the fuel and energy complex. The material presents an analysis of existing exoskeleton solutions, features of the implementation of assistance in the considered exoskeleton, presents a mathematical apparatus that describes the movements of the exoskeleton and the results of numerical simulation. Conclusions are drawn about the applicability of the proposed solutions to facilitate the manual labor of workers in industrial enterprises.

ДОМІНАНТИ ЦИФРОВОЇ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article substantiates that in the conditions of the formation of the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions, the digital transformation of industrial enterprises forms the basis of their further development. The conceptual apparatus "digital economy", "digitalization", "digital transformation" was considered and summarized. The dominants of the digital transformation of the economic activity of industrial enterprises have been identified. The first dominant factor is the adaptation of their economic activity to the conditions of functioning in the digital economy. The specified adaptation should take into account the change in the role of workers of industrial enterprises in the production system, the use of digital technologies in analysis and economic decision-making, the use of intangible factors of production in economic activity, the use of three communication environments of the digital economic space: 1) an internal environment based on the interaction of elements of the production system at the levels: personnel-equipment, equipment-equipment; 2) interaction on the Internet regarding trading goods; 3) a collaborative environment in the development of new or custom products through crowdsourcing. The second dominant factor is the digitization of economic and production processes, which involves the introduction by industrial enterprises of digital technologies related to predicative analytics, production and product life cycle management, digital technologies for designing, developing and improving products, as well as several information technologies that provide an economic component business activities (interaction with suppliers, partners, sales, market analysis, payment systems, etc.). The third dominant factor of the digital transformation of the economic activity of industrial enterprises is substantiated as the processes of digital transformation, which are based on changing the way the production and economic system operates, digitizing business processes and changing the business model by transferring economic interactions into the digital space, forming a value proposition through the use of digital production technologies, introduction into the key areas of activity of digitization of logistics operations, inventory control, etc.

Результати дослідження мікробіому пародонтальних кишень у працівників промислових виробництв із шкідливими чинниками

The purpose of the work was to study the microbiome of periodontal pockets in workers of industries with harmful factors, who have generalized periodontitis. Materials and methods. 91 employees of three industrial productions of the Ivano-Frankivsk region took part in the study: employees of chemical production, glass production, and agro-industrial complex. Material for microbiological research was collected from patients during examinations and before the start of treatment using a cotton swab. Inoculation on transport media was carried out directly in the dental office (semi-liquid sugar agar or on glucose-blood agar in Petri dishes). Results and discussion. From the cultured microflora, 18 bacterial cultures were identified in patients of the main group, and 13 – in the control group. Representatives of the group of cocci bacteria: staphylococci, streptococci, neisseria, and anaerobic cocci constituted the main mass of the cultures sown in the examined subjects. Staphylococci, identified as S. epidermidis and S. aureus, which accounted for 18.21% of the total number of cultured strains, dominated among coccal bacteria in patients of the main group. According to the indicated signs, the isolated non-hemolytic and -hemolytic streptococci were identified as S. mutans, S. mitis, S. salivarius, S. sanguis, however, due to the difficulty of identification, in the final accounting they were decided to be considered as non-hemolytic and -hemolytic. Due to the antagonistic effect of streptococci in the oral cavity of healthy individuals, escherichia, in particular E. coli, Proteus and Pseudomonas rods are present for a short time and in small quantities. At the same time, in cultures from patients of the main group, the percentage of S. pyogenes was 12.72%, while it was not cultured in healthy people. A significantly lower frequency of isolation in patients of the main group of conditionally pathogenic “oral” streptococci may indicate inhibition of their growth by pathogenic microflora. In the main and control groups, the percentage of P. anaerobius from the number of isolated strains was 9.23  1.45% and 6.25  3.03%, respectively (р<0.05), that is in patients it was by 1.48 times higher. The percentage of bacteroides identified as B. oralis in the main group was by 1.74 times lower and amounted to 4.49  1.03% and 7.81  3.35% in healthy people (р<0.05). Periodontal pathogens P. intermedia and P. gingivalis were cultured only in patients of the main group. In the main group the fungi Candida spp. were 32.72  6.66%, and in healthy people – 14.06  3.35% of the total number of isolated strains (р<0.05). Conclusion. The analysis of the frequency of seeding of certain types of microorganisms in workers of industrial enterprises with harmful factors proved the generalization of the microflora of the periodontal pockets with the progression of the pathological process in the periodontium. Significant microbial insemination of periodontal pockets of patients compared to healthy ones confirmed the influence of harmful factors of industrial production on the development and course of periodontal diseases in workers, which is realized through the stimulation of the growth of dental plaque and the transformation of the composition of the autoflora in an aggressive direction

WOMEN AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE CHUVASH ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

The article deals with issues related to changes in the structure of workers at industrial enterprises that occurred with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of archival sources and previously published documents, the main directions and features of personnel retraining for the industry of the Chuvash ASSR in the current situation are identified. The influence of historical conditions on the change in the nature of women’s employment is revealed, when women and children who mastered male professions were able to replace the personnel workers of industrial enterprises of the republic at the front. In the most difficult conditions, women participate in the launch of enterprises evacuated to the territory of the republic, adjust newly arriving equipment. The authors analyze how, along with men, women who have only recently completed training and started working, take an active part in various socialist competitions held at industrial enterprises of the republic. The authors come to the conclusion that women, overcoming the difficulties that fell on their shoulders with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, did everything for four years to provide the front with what was needed for Victory.

Psychological attitude for a healthy lifestyle among workers of an industrial enterprise: the experience of an empirical study

Introduction. The problem of forming a healthy lifestyle among the adult population - working citizens of our country remains relevant and has not yet been resolved. The purpose of the study is to identify psychological attitudes towards a healthy lifestyle among workers of an industrial enterprise. Methods. The empirical study was carried out on the basis of a large Russian industrial enterprise. 300 production workers were interviewed: 150 representatives of working professions (production personnel) and 150 specialists working in offices (office personnel). The diagnostic tools included a specially designed questionnaire to identify the level of formation of a healthy lifestyle, as well as valid and reliable methods: 1) Health Attitude Index (S. D. Deryabo, V. A. Yasvina); 2) Scale of psychological stress psm-25 Lemur-Tessier-Fillion. Statistical methods included percentage and frequency distribution, comparative analysis with the calculation of Student's t-test. Results. An insufficient level of formation of a psychological attitude towards a healthy lifestyle was revealed among both production and office personnel. It has been established that, despite the high value of health, only 10% of workers and 12% of specialists adhere to the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Among the factors influencing health, passive factors independent of the respondent (ecology, heredity, healthcare system) are more often noted. Among corporate practices, preference is given only to those that are associated with full or partial material compensation for actions. Conclusions. Due to the low level of formation of a psychological attitude towards a healthy lifestyle of workers in industrial enterprises, it is advisable to diversify and expand the corporate practices of improving the health of the personnel of organizations with the practices of their psychological support, focused on increasing the level of motivation to comply with the rules of a healthy lifestyle and developing the need for it.

Recurrent herpetic stomatitis from workers of industrial enterprises burdened with their rhinitis

Recurrent herpetic stomatitis from workers of industrial enterprises burdened with their rhinitis

The Job Performance of Fly-In-Fly-Out Workers in Industrial Enterprises (on the Example of Oil and Gas Production, Diamond Mining Production, and Construction)

With high health requirements for FIFO work at industry, workers may experience adverse changes in psychological well-being and health status. This makes it relevant when developing the job performance model to rely on considering not only the effectiveness by employees but also their psychophysiological “cost of activity”, which is not reflected in modern scientific research. This article theoretically substantiates and empirically develops a job performance typology of fly-in-fly-out workers at industrial enterprises by correlating three components: effectiveness, psychophysiological resources, and the way of accomplishing tasks. The study involved 359 fly-in-fly-out workers in oil and gas, diamond mining and construction industries with different duration of the fly-in period, operating in the South and the North of the Russian Federation. The research methods included questioning, psychophysiological instrumental testing, and psychological testing. Statistical processing was carried out using the methods of descriptive statistics, two-stage cluster analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance. As a result of the study, six types of job performance of fly-in-fly-out personnel of industrial enterprises were identified. The employees at industrial enterprises of all six types of job performance correspond to their position and perform the assigned tasks, the difference in them lies in the desire to show an average or the highest possible result, as well as how much internal resources the employee spends to achieve this result and how quickly he restores them, which is expressed in terms of his state and well-being. Based on the results of these connections, measures for personnel management for industrial enterprises were proposed.

Analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of hazards and occupational risks of workers of industrial enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Introduction . Timely and effective identification and assessment of all hazards and occupational risks is one of the urgent problems in the prevention of occupational injuries of industrial workers. Both legislative and regulatory acts and a number of foreign and domestic authors offer various approaches to such an assessment, the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of which is the subject of this article Problem statement . The objective of this study is a critical analysis of the existing approaches to the assessment of hazards and occupational risks of workers in industrial enterprises. Theoretical part . As the basic information, state regulatory methods were used, as well as methods for assessing the occupational risks of employees of industrial enterprises, proposed by various authors. Conclusions . According to the results of the analysis, the ways of solving the problem of preventing occupational injuries of industrial workers on the conditions of "preliminary" assessment of their occupational risks, i.e. before the occurrence of negative events, are determined.

Cluster approach to assessing nutritional-related health risks of the working-age population

Compliance with the principles of rational nutrition by the able-bodied population ensures the processes of biotransformation of harmful factors of the working environment, reduces the level of alimentary-dependent morbidity, occupational morbidity, industrial injuries, and contributes to an increase in labor productivity. The aim is to assess the nutritional-related health risks of the working-age population based on the cluster analysis of actual nutrition in order to develop preventive programs. The study involved 1624 people aged 18 to 65, 745 men and 879 women (workers in industrial enterprises, health care institutions, education, agriculture, and the private sector of the economy). The actual nutrition of the able-bodied population was carried out according to the questionnaire-survey method using the «Nutriprof» software complex, anthropometric indicators, hemodynamic parameters, indicators of carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, and vitamin provision were studied. Assessment of the dependence of alimentary-related risk factors with the nature of eating behavior was carried out using logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis of food clusters made it possible to identify groups of the working-age population with the maximum risk of load due to the nutritional factor. The greatest number of risks was identified in cluster 2 with a high adherence to a «high-calorie» diet (excessive consumption of bakery products, fat and oil, sausages, confectionery and sugary carbonated drinks). Cluster analysis of the actual nutrition of the working-age population can be used to study the influence of risk factors associated with nutrition on health, as well as to develop and implement programs in the field of healthy nutrition in the context of the prevention of food-dependent diseases.

Evaluation of the Preventive Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in the Epidemic Season 2019–2020 in St. Petersburg

Background. The vaccine is the best available instrument to prevent influenza and reduce the risks of major disease complications and mortality. The vaccine effectiveness during the influenza season depends on a number of factors: (1) a person vaccinated (their age and health status); (2) the vaccine formulation; (3) types and subtypes of the circulating viruses; (4) vaccination timeline, as the immune response fades over time. An influenza vaccine can yield different effectiveness in people who have been infected or vaccinated previously and in those who have not been yet exposed to the circulating viruses. At present, trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines are registered and produced in Russia. It allows for vaccination of all social groups, including high-risk populations, and for increasing the number of vaccinated individuals yearly. Russian Federation constantly improves the production of influenza vaccines, introducing new variants of vaccine formulations into national clinical usage. It is thus essential to monitor and analyze the changes in the effectiveness of influenza vaccines every season.Aim of the study. To evaluate of the effectiveness of Russian domestic influenza vaccines during the epidemic season 2019–2020 in St. Petersburg compared to the season 2018–2019.Materials and Methods. 3315 female and male adult participants aged 18 years and older were monitored from October 2019 to March 2020. The group included university students and tutors, researchers, and production and office workers of industrial enterprises. Sovigripp, Grippol Plus, Ultrix, and Ultrix Quadri influenza vaccines were used for immunization.Results and Discussion. In the context of incomplete correspondence between the viruses circulating in Russia and the strains used in the vaccines, the vaccination of the St. Petersburg population during the epidemic season 2019-2020 with Sovigripp, Grippol Plus, Ultrix, and Ultrix Quadri influenza vaccines cumulatively reduced influenza and ARI incidences by half; the total vaccine effectiveness against influenza and ARI amounted to 50.0%. The strongest preventive effect was identified for Grippol Plus, Ultrix, and Ultrix Quadri which demonstrated the total vaccine effectiveness from 70.6% to 75.0%, and their effectiveness against influenza A and B viruses reached from 65.5% to 83.5%.Conclusion. In the context of incomplete correspondence between the viral strains used in the vaccines and the strains circulating in Russia and St. Petersburg during the epidemic season 2019- 2020 and considering the active circulation of non-influenza viruses such as rhinoviruses and adenoviruses, we found a moderate preventive effectiveness of the influenza vaccines during the seasonal epidemic increase in ARI cases. Russian domestic influenza vaccines were shown to have good acceptability, be safe, and non-reactogenic.

The First All-Union Oncological Congress

The I-th All-Union Oncological Congress, held on July 8-12, 1931 in Kharkiv, attracted the urgent attention of not only the medical mass, but also the general public. Prominent scientific forces took part in the work of the congress, such as Professors Petrov (Leningrad), Anichkov (Leningrad), Abrikosov (Moscow), Zilberberg (Odessa), Shirokogorov (Baku), Bukhman (Rostov n/A), Harmandaryan (Kharkov), Melnikov (Kharkov), Bykhovsky, Harshak (Kiev) and many others. others, representatives of many clinics, institutes and research departments, delegates of workers of industrial enterprises and socio-professional organizations. The exceptional interest of the planned program issues attracted the most remote periphery to the congress (Vladivostok, Tiflis, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Petrozavodsk, the Southern Coast of Crimea, the Caucasus, the Urals, etc.).

The impact of harmful occupational risk factors on the markers of bone metabolism in industrial workers

Introduction. Unfavourable factors of the working environment affect bone tissue, increasing the risk of developing osteoporosis in workers of harmful industries, which is an urgent social and hygienic problem due to the high prevalence and severity of medical and social consequences. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of industrial vibration and physical overload on the markers of bone metabolism in industrial workers. Materials and methods. One hundred fifty-two employees of mining and mechanical engineering enterprises in contact with industrial vibration and physical overload were examined. The assessment of bone tissue metabolism in the workers was carried out by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to determine biochemical markers of bone metabolism: bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, C-terminal serum telopeptide, cathepsin K, as well as indicators of calcium-phosphorus metabolism. X-ray densitometry was used to assess bone mineral density. Results. There was a significant decrease in the markers of osteogenesis: the concentration of CSF (14.26 ± 4.13 and 18.69±5.28, respectively, p< 0.05) and osteocalcin (12.23±4.15 and 17.84±5.17, respectively, p < 0.05) and an increase in the markers of bone resorption: the level of beta-CrossLaps (0.629±0.162 and 0.361±0.095, respectively, p = 0.002) and the level of cathepsin K (12.49±5.28 and 0.59±0.02, respectively, p < 0.001) in workers of industrial enterprises exposed to physical factors of production. The correlation between the markers of bone metabolism and the experience of exposure to adverse working conditions was established. Conclusion. Combined exposure to physical labour factors is a predictor of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone metabolism disorders, increasing the risk of metabolic osteopathy in industrial workers.