Proceedings of the International CONFERENCE on ARCTIC BIOMONITORINGArkhangelsk, 26-27 November 2018The Arctic represents one of the most vulnerable ecosystems on the planet. Protected by permafrost and low average annual temperatures from many of the diseases suffered by the southern areas, the Arctic and populations are exposed to toxic chemicals, infectious agents, and parasites, introduced as a result of climate change and the increasing temperature of the world’s oceans and seas. The pollution affects not only air, soil and water bodies, but also fauna, birds, fish and even humans. Most vulnerable are the indigenous communities and individuals whose life style, nutrition culture and household activities build on close interaction with the Arctic wildlife. The dependence of human health on ambient environment cannot be overestimated. In this regard, to the foreground comes the need in multifaceted monitoring of ecological processes and phenomena, as well as the analysis and forecast of changes, i.e. the system of state-run environmental monitoring. The data it obtains should serve as basis for decision-making and statutory acts dealing with the universal rights to favourable environment, health protection, and environmental information.To discuss these and a range of the related issues, the International Conference on Arctic Biomonitoring, hosted by M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University on November 26-27, 2018, gathered together the research teams from Russia and overseas, and beginner researchers. The environmental issues raised by the conference spanned industrial development in the Arctic areas; medical and ecological well-being in the North; novel analytical methodology for eco-and bio-monitoring; and legal frameworks for operations in the Arctic. The Conference was attended by 265+ researchers based in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Ryazan, Oslo, Trondheim, among others.As a process, bio-monitoring represents a series of comprehensive, systematic observations. On the one hand, these observations target biota, which links bio-monitoring with eco-monitoring. On the other hand, bio-monitoring involves systematic observation of health levels in residents. The term “Biological Monitoring” goes hand in hand with “One Health”, a concept that builds on attaining optimal health levels in humans, wildlife, and environment. It is therefore necessary that the efforts to shape bio-monitoring methodology should be contributed by, among others, environmental experts, biologists, chemical industry workers, and public health experts. A huge role in bio-monitoring as a multi-faceted endeavor belongs also to legal experts.