Chemical Industry Workers Research Articles

Development of the Russian chemical complex in 2022

The article presents the results of an analysis of the socio-economic status of the chemical complex in Russia conducted by the authors based on the results of 2022, including the dynamics in the industry of the number of large, medium, and small enterprises, total employment, average capacity utilization, and average wages of chemical industry workers. It is shown that due to the current geopolitical situation, several Russian chemical productions are experiencing difficulties in production and product implementation. The actual number of enterprises in the chemical industry has decreased compared to the beginning of 2022 due to a reduction in the number of small and foreign enterprises in the industry, which is not critical on a national scale in the absence of crisis situations in product implementation. However, the average capacity utilization for major types of chemical products has decreased slightly and currently stands at 70%. The analysis results demonstrate the stability of the employee count and wages. Wages remain at the level of salaries in the manufacturing sector. The conclusion is drawn that the previously identified positive trend in the implementation of the Chemical Industry Development Program until 2030 (Strategy 2030) remains intact, according to the authors.

Environmental Monitoring System

Abstract: In recent times especially in India, people have become increasingly aware of the importance of the environment they reside in. This has led to a growing demand for a dependable environmental monitoring system. Apart from its industrial application, an environment friendly system to monitor the air quality is too essential for ensuring the safety of workers in chemical, mining, and food industries etc., where there are chances of air getting contaminated by baleful impurities. Largescale sensor deployment for such purposes raises concerns over gathering of the data, handling, connectivity, utilization of power and the potential of the system. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is ideally suited to address these challenges. This paper takes IOT as base and designed the whole system using sensors, micro controllers, and IoT-based technology to effectively monitor changes in the environment. The proposed module enables users to monitor the certain parameters of environment such as humidity, moisture, temperature and expose the present contaminants in the atmosphere. So, the paper also describes the development of a web application that provides vital information to users and allows them to set up notifications for the certain vital changes in data provided by sensor. Compared to other such parallel systems, this system which we have come up with is very cost effective, precise, friendly, and very simple to monitor and visualize the data provided. This proposed system has been checked at different stages The system has been evaluated in various stages and has demonstrated an intense perfection under different conditions.

Analysis of 14 cases of melanosis caused by 1, 8-dinitronaphthalene and 1, 8-diaminonaphthalene

14 workers in the 1, 8-diaminonaphthalene workshop of a chemical company in Nantong City had symptoms or signs of varying degrees of pruritus and pigmentation of the face, neck and waist. Pathological examination of skin biopsies showed hyperkeratosis, the basal cells were liquefied and denatured. Seven workers were eventually diagnosed with occupational melanosis. To explore the causes of occupational melanosis caused by exposure to 1, 8-dinitronaphthalene and 1, 8-diaminonaphthalene, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of occupational melanosis in the future, this paper reported 14 cases of melanosis in the skin of workers in chemical industry.

Women Workers in Essential British Metal and Chemical Industries During the Second World War and the Immediate Post-War Years

Women Workers in Essential British Metal and Chemical Industries During the Second World War and the Immediate Post-War Years

Substantiation of the optimal mix of multi-component pulverulent composition used for laser restoration

The relevance of the stated topic of scientific research is conditioned by the need to obtain qualitative substantiation of the optimal powder mixture with a large number of components, to get the best effect when solving practical problems using methods of laser restoration of working surfaces of parts. This research work aims to justify the optimal structure of a multi-component pulverulent composition for laser restoration of damaged working surfaces of parts. The methodological approach in this scientific research is based on a combination of systematic research of main peculiarities of the process of obtaining high-quality working coating of the part with practical research of possibilities to increase the quality of part coating using pulverulent compositions of many components, which supposes the practical application of a range of research methods to determine real quality parameters of the final coating. In the course of research operations, the results were obtained, that show the possibility of reducing to a minimum the changes in the configuration of the part and the value of its internal stresses, as well as the transfer of necessary characteristics, especially hardness and wear resistance, through the implementation of developed multi-component pulverulent compositions. The results obtained during the investigation of prospects of justification of optimal mix of multi-component pulverulent compositions for laser restoration as well as conclusions formulated on their basis have essential practical importance for workers of chemical and metallurgical industries.

Assessment of Protective Clothing Used by Chemical Industry Workers in Pakistan

Protective clothing serves as a barrier against many hazards faced by workers in the industry. This study aimed to investigate the performance of locally manufactured clothing used by workers in the chemical industries in Pakistan. The construction parameters were determined using international test procedures for all samples. Then, these were assessed for their chemical resistance behavior after various laundering intervals, following the ISO 6530:2005 test method. After the investigation, it was observed that the collected samples failed to meet the minimum criteria for penetration and repellency through their structure. The samples were unable to repel a minimum of 95% liquid chemical and penetrated it more than 5%, even at zero wash. These conditions worsened with each washing interval. Clothing materials should always be checked for their performance before use to protect workers at workplace.

Balancing aesthetics, and functionality with comfort: Compliance-friendly protective clothing

History is created when technology and innovations come together. Blending this with aesthetics opens a new plethora of opportunities. Protective clothing (PC) combines technology and innovations. It is part of technical textiles, which comprise those textiles–based products, primarily used for their performance rather than the aesthetic value. PC is designed to shield or isolate individuals during occupational operations from physical, chemical, and biological hazards. This paper aims at designing compliance-friendly protective clothing for petrochemical, agrochemical, fluorochemical industries, and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). Though meant for safety, the chemical industries & OEMs see a major lack of compliance. The authors start a discussion that workers are more likely to wear PC if it meets their aesthetic expectations along with maintaining comfort at work. There is potential to advance what we wear, and how it's designed, manufactured, and marketed to the world. Fashion is moving beyond fanciful borders towards a new wave of innovators aiming to impact fashion on an everyday level. The PC market saw initial developments in the finish of fabrics, after which comfort with functionality came along. This needs to evolve into blending smart textiles, comfort, and style statement. Presently industrial workers have no other choice but to wear current safety wear under the pretext of safety compliance. The researchers through this paper look to provide new design solutions for industrial workers, which blend their safety with fashion. The target market includes select OEMs and chemical industry workers. The research methodology will include a detailed survey by convenient sampling for the assessment of clothing needs. The key is to balance function (protection) and form (style, comfort, and wearability) within the scope of a realistic hazard assessment and risk analysis.

Emerging Risk Factors for Impaired Lung Function in Chemical Industry Workers of Faisalabad

Objective: To determine the impact, obesity and age on the lung functions determined by PEFR of healthy workers of chemical industries.
 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study performed at private medical college of Faisalabad. Three days medical camp was arranged during 2nd to 4th September 2020 after taking approval from institutional ethical committee. All relevant information including age, residence and history about chemical exposure were recorded in a structured proforma. Obesity was determined on basis of BMI grading. BMI was calculated from estimated Height and weight PEFR of each participant was determined using Wright’s Peak flow meter. Data was analyzed by SPSS21.
 Results: Mean± SD age, height and weight of the studied population was 38.85 ± 12.1, 170.07 ±12.0 and 78.12 ±12.7. lowest PEFR value was found in subjects with age range 61 to 70 years as compred to youger subjects . The mean PEFR value were significantly different with respect to various age catagoeies with p value= 0.000 Highest mean PEFR values were found in taller subjects having height ≥ 180 cm and lowest values were found in subjects with height 150-159 cm, the difference in means was statisticaly significant with p value= 0.05.
 Morbid obese subjects showing comparatively lower PEFR values in morbid obese with significant p value =0.002.
 . PEFR was found to be negatively associated with age ( p- value= 0.000*) and BMI( p value =0.001*). Our results also showed weak positive association of PEFR with height, however this relation was not found to be statistically significant (p value= 0.081).
 Conclusion: Peak expiratory flow rate is negatively associated with increasing BMI and age, reflecting that elderly and obese subjects are more prone to have affected lung function due to exposure to chemicals

Acute lung and lower respiratory tract damage after inhalation exposure to hydrogen fluoride

Relevance. Hydrogen fluoride is a highly active chemical substance widely used in industry for production of inorganic fluorides, organofluorine compounds, in the processing of aluminum, stainless steel and alloys. The chemical properties of hydrogen fluoride determine its ability to have a destructive effect on the tissues of the human body and high toxicity with local and systemic exposure. Hydrogen fluoride poisoning is severe and difficult to treat. Clarification of the clinical picture and the search for new methods of treating lesions with hydrogen fluoride are of great importance for protecting the health of workers in chemical industries and eliminating the consequences of technogenic accidents.Intention. To consider the features of the observed clinical case of severe damage to the lungs and lower respiratory tract after inhalation exposure to hydrogen fluoride and treatment methods that made it possible to achieve favorable clinical results. Methodology. The article discusses clinically important chemical properties of hydrogen fluoride, the mechanisms and manifestations of characteristic lesions developing in the human body with various routes of exposure. Modern approaches to the treatment of patients exposed to hydrogen fluoride are outlined.Results and Discussion. Inhalation of gas mixtures, even with low concentrations of hydrogen fluoride, can lead to severe inflammatory-necrotic lung damage with interstitial pneumonia (chemical pneumonitis), adult respiratory distress syndrome, and severe respiratory failure. Improvement of clinical condition of the affected person in the observed case was achieved via complex treatment with glucocorticosteroids, antimicrobial agents, calcium gluconate inhalations. A key role in the patient’s treatment was played by long-term replacement of the impaired function of the lungs using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Conclusion. In severe forms of acute damage to the lungs and lower respiratory tract as a result of inhaled exposure to hydrogen fluoride, clinical recovery and improvement in the quality of life of the injured can be achieved through complex therapy using glucocorticosteroids, antibacterial agents, specific antidotes (calcium gluconate) and prolonged replacement of the respiratory function via artificial ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

A Conceptual Approach to the Prevention and Prediction of Dental Morbidity in Chemical Industry Workers

A Conceptual Approach to the Prevention and Prediction of Dental Morbidity in Chemical Industry Workers

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Among Workers in Northern Italy.

BackgroundThe spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among active workers is poor known. The aim of our study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) among a convenience sample of workers and to identify high-risk job sectors during the first pandemic way.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among workers tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 28 March and 7 August 2020, recorded by a private healthcare center located in North-West Italy. Association among seroprevalence and demographic and occupational variables was evaluated using chi square test and the seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.ResultsWe collected the results for 23568 serological tests from a sample of 22708 workers from about 1000 companies. Median age was 45 years and about 60% of subjects were male. The overall seroprevalence was 4.97% [95%CI 4.69–5.25]. No statistical difference was found among gender while seroprevalence was associated with subjects’ age, geographical location, and occupational sector. Significantly higher values of positivity were observed for the logistics sector (31.3%), weaving factory (12.6%), nursing homes (9.8%), and chemical industry (6.9%) workers. However, we observed some clusters of cases in single companies independently from the sector.Then, a detailed focus on 940 food workers shown a seroprevalence of 5.21% [95%CI 3.79–6.63] and subjects who self-reported COVID-19 symptoms and who worked during lockdown had a higher probability of being infected (p < 0.001).ConclusionsData obtained might be useful for future public health decision; more than occupation sector, it seems that failure on prevention system in single companies increase the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

Occupation and subcategories of asthma: a population-based incident case–control study

BackgroundWe hypothesised that occupational exposures differently affect subtypes of adult-onset asthma.ObjectiveWe investigated potential relations between occupation and three subtypes of adult asthma, namely atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma and asthma–COPD overlap...

Impact of safety attitude, safety knowledge and safety leadership on chemical industry workers’ risk perception based on Structural Equation Modelling and System Dynamics

In chemical industry, major accidents occur occasionally. Past research has demonstrated that risk perception was relevant to safety as it might affect the behavior, which could exert influence on the probability of accidents. It is important to adjust workers' risk perception to reduce accidents in chemical industry. To achieve this goal, some key influencing factors of workers’ risk perception of were identified from 3 aspects including safety attitude, safety knowledge and safety leadership. This was accomplished by gathering empirical data from 287 workers employed in 6 Chemical plants in Jiangsu, China. The model of influencing factors of risk perception for workers was established based on Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), and the path coefficients and weights were analyzed by the SEM. On that basis, the System Dynamics (SD) model of risk perception for workers was established. The study findings revealed safety attitude and safety leadership have a direct positive impact on perception of risk probability and perception of risk severity, safety knowledge has a direct positive impact on perception of risk severity, while safety knowledge has no direct positive impact on perception of risk probability. The findings of the study can provide theoretical supports and method guidance for adjusting the risk perception of workers in chemical industry.

The role of occupational hazards in the development of reproductive disorders in chemical industry workers

The role of occupational hazards in the development of reproductive disorders in chemical industry workers

The patterns and occupational distribution of hormonal abnormalities among men investigated for infertility in some centers in the southwest, Nigeria

Male factor infertility results from dysfunction at various levels of spermatogenesis, sex hormone abnormalities, and occupation or workplace exposure to toxins are involved. This study was designed to determine the frequency of occupational distribution of men who were evaluated for infertility, the patterns of hormonal abnormalities, and to associate hormonal abnormalities with occupational categories in some centers in Osun State, Nigeria. Semen and 5 mL of whole blood were collected from the infertile men (n=319) who were referred to the laboratories for fertility investigation after physical and medical examination. Semen analysis was performed microscopically according to the World Health Organization manual while serum gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and prolactin were determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay technique using reagents supplied by Biorex Diagnostics Limited, Antrim, United Kingdom. The subjects were grouped based on semen characteristics. More than half 164 (51.4%) of the subjects were within the age group of 31-40 years, followed by 70 (21.9%) in the age group of 21-30 years, while 67 (21.0%) was in the age group of 41-50 years. Some 133/319 (41.7%) of the subjects had normal sex hormone levels while 186/319 (58.3%) had abnormal hormone levels. The patterns of hormonal abnormalities observed were 96/186 (51.6%) normogonadotrophin-hypogonadism, 49/186 (26.3%) normogonadotrophin-hypergonadism, 14/186 (7.5%) elevated FSH levels, 15/186 (8.1%) elevated LH levels, 07/186 (3.8%) hypergonadotropic-hypergonadism, and 05/186 (2.7%) hyperprolactinemia. Artisans (OR 1.2252 95%CI 0.367-2.472), workers in chemical related industries (OR 1.667, 95%CI 0.594-4.676), and businessmen (OR 1.200, 95%CI 0.110-3.49) are more likely to be predisposed to hormonal abnormalities. The patterns of hormone abnormalities as well as their relative proportions are slightly different from those reported previously. Some occupations may predispose workers to hormonal disorder than the others. This is a cross-sectional study of males investigated for infertility; the contribution and patterns of hormonal abnormalities were evaluated. The possible association between workplace and infertility that may assist in the management of patients with male infertility was evaluated.

A Study on Toxic Effect of Chemicals and Control Strategies

Poisons are substances that can cause death, injury or harm to organs, tissues, cells and DNA usually by chemical reactions or other activity on the molecular scales, when an organism is exposed to a sufficient quantity. The objective of the study was to identify the toxic chemicals, to study their poisoning effect and present poisoning reduction strategies and then precautions. Analytical research method was used for conducting this research. This study is focused on the toxicity of major harmful chemicals such as hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chloroform, Sulphur dioxide, ammonia, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and their compounds, catalyst, inert gases, insecticides, antidote which have been used in chemistry laboratories and in other different fields. Students from higher education to research levels are suffering from toxic laboratory chemicals. Workers in chemical industries are being intoxicated from poisonous reactants, intermediates and final products. Farmers are directly exposed to chemical fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides. Different types of toxic irritant, sensitizer, asphyxiates, anesthetics, narcotics, systemic poisons, respiratory fibrogens, and carcinogens are mainly responsible for animal poisoning and environmental pollution. Poisoning from toxic chemicals can be controlled by the strategies like substitution, mechanical handling, process changing, suppression, segregation, ventilation, personal protection, medical supervision and biological monitoring. Immediate accidental poisoning can be managed by using respective antidotes and obeying specific precautions.

Early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in chemical workers.

The production of synthetic materials - fiberglass and rubber-technical products, as well as products derived from oil refining wastes continues to grow. A characteristic feature of the working conditions of these enterprises is the content of chemicals of hazard class 1-4, which may be potentially hazardous to workers. It imperative to justify prenosological laboratory criteria for health problems of manufacturing workers. The results of the hematological, biochemical, immunological and cytochemical parameters among manufacturing workers are presented. Significant changes in the processes of oxidative metabolism, lipid metabolism, impaired immune status, and intracellular enzyme activity were found in a significant proportion of the workers. Changes were detected in workers even with a short work experience (5 years) and of young age (20-30 years). With an increase in the occupational length of service, the frequency of these disorders increased. Based on the results obtained, early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in workers of diverse chemical industries are substantiated. Based on the results obtained, early diagnostic and prognostic criteria for health disorders in workers of diverse chemical industries are substantiated. For rubber manufacturing workers: increased malonic dialdehyde, reduced catalase activity, the activity of catalase is lowering; increased enzymes activity (AST, ALT, GGT), protein abnormalities, erythropenia, decreased hemoglobin levels, increased reticulocyte. For fiber glass manufacturing workers: indicators of the oxidative antioxidant system, hemograms - increased lymphocytes, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, increased CD3 +, increased CD4 +, CD 16+, CD 20 +, FAL, IgG, increased total protein, hyperfermentemia (GGT, ALT), changes in the intracellular enzymes activity - acid phosphatase of neutrophils and lymphocytes, decreased myeloperoxidase, increased glycogen levels. For olefin oxides manufacturing workers - this is hyperfermentemia (ALT, alkaline phosphatase), protein metabolism changes, increased red blood cells, reticulocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, leucopenia, decreased FAL, increased IgM, decreased IgA, IgG, changes in the intracellular enzymes activity - decrease myeloperoxidase, increase acid phosphatase of neutrophils and lymphocytes.

The Cart before the Horse: Safety and Health Management System among Chemical Industries in Bahir Dar City, Northwestern Ethiopia

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the occupational safety and health management system among chemical industries in Bahir Dar city, the national regional state of the Amhara region. Method: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in chemical industries from 31 March to 15 May 2019. The data were collected by using a self-structured and pilot-tested questionnaire from 242 chemical industry workers. Results: The results of the study showed that there were no hazard identification system (72.1%), top management support for safety (75.8%), appropriate occupational safety and health training programs (75.8%), and had no written procedures to respond to emergencies (65.8%). Resulting from management failure, a significant number (85.5%) of workers never used personal protective equipment at their workplace due to unavailability (66.1%). The majority (53.0%) of chemical industry workers had no adequate knowledge about occupational safety and health. Moreover, the use of personal protective equipment in the chemical industries was significantly associated with sex, age, safety awareness, accessibility of safety equipment, and educational levels of workers (p<0.05). Conclusion: Failure in establishing effective occupational safety and health system in the chemical industries was observed in Bahir Dar city. Thus, chemical industries in city should be concerned about the effective implementation of occupational safety and health management system to ensure a healthy workplace and sustain legislative compliance.

The impact of harmful industrial factors on the reproductive health of workers in chemical production

In order to solve the demographic problems of the Russian Federation, the urgent task is to develop medical and preventive technologies for managing the reproductive health risks of chemical workers, and to reduce the risk of male and female infertility. 82 workers of chemical industries were examined. The indicators of specific hormonal status, immunological, genetic, parameters of functional studies, including the reproductive system, were studied. Class of working conditions by chemical factor 3.1 («harmful» with degree of harmfulness 1). In the structure of somatic diseases in women, endocrine pathology predominated (60 % of women in the observation group and 24 % of the comparison group), in men), inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system (41.1 % and 46.6 %, respectively). Gynecological pathology in workers exposed to harmful chemicals was found 2 times more often than in the comparison group. Workers in the observation group revealed polymorphism of genes responsible for reproductive function. When exposed to a chemical factor, immunological disorders are formed in the form of a decrease in activation markers CD95 +, CD25 + (p &lt; 0.05); disorders of neuroendocrine regulation, hormonal dysfunction (decreased FSH in women and decreased testosterone, antisperm antibodies in men); increased content of tumor markers (CA-125 and CA-153); functional changes in the thyroid gland, structural changes in blood vessels, impaired reproductive function. Thus, exposure to production chemical factors of even low intensity contributes to the formation of hormonal and endocrine disorders, is an additional risk factor for miscarriage and the development of secondary infertility.

A meta-analysis of melanoma risk in industrial workers

Industrial workers are exposed to occupational pollutants, which may cause diseases such as cancer, but links to melanoma are not established. The identification of industry-related risk factors for melanoma incidence and mortality might be of importance for workers, health providers, and insurance companies. To assess melanoma incidence and mortality among oil/petroleum, chemical, and electrical industry workers. All studies reporting standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and/or standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of melanoma in workers employed in oil/petroleum, chemical, and electrical industries were included. Random-effect meta-analyses were carried out to summarize SIR and SMR for melanoma among oil/petroleum, chemical, and electrical industry workers. Heterogeneity was assessed using χ and I statistics. Possible source bias and quality were assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist and a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Of 1878 citations retrieved, we meta-analyzed 21, 6, and 9 studies for the oil/petroleum, electrical, and chemical industry, respectively. Oil/petroleum industry: summary standardized incidence ratio (SSIR) = 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.36, I = 45%]; summary standardized mortality ratio (SSMR) = 1.02 (95% CI: 0.81-1.28, I = 48%); subgroups: SSIR = 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01-1.32, I = 15%), SSMR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.00-1.42, I = 20%). Electrical industry: SSIR = 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93-1.11, I = 72%); SSMR = 1.16 (95% CI: 0.74-1.81, I = 11%). Chemical industry: SSIR = 2.08 (95% CI: 0.47-9.24, I = 73%); SSMR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.09-3.72, I = 33%). Our meta-analysis suggests a slightly increased risk of developing melanoma among oil/petroleum industry workers and an increased melanoma mortality among oil/petroleum and chemical industry workers. No increased risks were found among electrical industry workers.