Household Work Research Articles

Representasi Kesetaraan Gender Pada Iklan Alfamart X GoPay #Kebahagiaankecil Untuk Kita Semua

Advertising media is one of the media that contributes to the process of socializing gender stereotypes in society. Nowadays, awareness of gender equality is increasing, advertising media can play a role in socializing the issue of gender equality as one of the realities that exist in society. Alfamart X GoPay advertisements was taken as the object of research to understand the description and meaning of gender equality through visuals and narratives with descriptive qualitative approaches and semiotic analysis. The result of the semiotic analysis on the advertisement is that men can play a dual role both in supporting the family economy and in the domestic sphere. Household work should be done by anyone, both men and women.

MEASURING THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF WOMEN’S HOUSEHOLD WORK

The “unpaid household work” as recognized by the society is often not considered to be a productive activity or a work having an economic value attached to it. However, Unpaid domestic work is indeed an important and an indispensable factor which contributes not only to the smooth functioning of a household, but also to the economy. The conventional economy often fails to recognize this aspect of work where women stand hidden and unacknowledged. This type of work was termed as the ‘Economy of Care’ by Elson (1995) Understanding the nature of their unpaid employment is critical, since it has a substantial influence on their economic participation rate. Due to several factors like the stereotypical gender roles, social and religious constraints, the patriarchal set up of the society and the low opportunities for women in the market, women often end up engaging in unpaid domestic work. Therefore, a broader context of household, state, market, and activity should be seen through a macro lens in order to accelerate women’s status in the economy. Women are put under the shadow of invisibility because of their predominance in household work, hence keeping them from the purview of ‘economic activities’ and outside the production boundaries and economic policies of the country. Consequently, such ignorance of their contribution to economic activity, growth and well-being creates serious macroeconomic consequences. This study project aims to address the repercussions of portraying hard working Indian women as economically ineffective and undervalued in their domestic duties. In addition, the aim of this research paper is to recognize the scope and elements that impact Indian women's status as unpaid houseworkers

Web Application on Essential Services

The proposed project is a Web Application on Essential Services that provides customers the essential services which they need. The Services Basically are The maid Services, Home Health Nursing, Shopping goods shipping services It overcomes the problem of finding the above mentioned services in commercial areas that unnecessary consumes time. Hence this project offers an easy way where users can easily find and book this services at their door step and do not need to go outside. If you are doing job and nobody is their in your home to do the household work in that case you can use Maid service which will help to find the best maid for you that can do your household stuff. If there is any ill patient or aged people who require medical attention or health care in that case you can use Home Health Nursing Service which will help you get good nursing facilities. Users can even make payment online via credit card, debit card, paytm, on cash, etc .After making payment users are notified about the booking via email along with unique parking number.

“Time is not time is not time”: A feminist ecological approach to clock time, process time, and care responsibilities

Over the past half century, time-use studies have become a leading method for researching unpaid care work, especially in the multidisciplinary field of gender divisions of household work and care and in feminist international studies on counting and accounting for women’s unpaid work. Although attention to conceptual and methodological refinements in time-use methods is increasing, more focus on the challenges of conceptualizing and measuring care responsibilities, the limitations of measuring relational care practices with clock time, the existence of other kinds of time, and the epistemological and ontological moorings of time-use studies is needed. Two research programs inform this article: qualitative and longitudinal research with Canadian households in which parents were challenging norms, practices, and ideologies of male breadwinning and female caregiving; and the development of a feminist ecological ethico-onto-epistemological approach to knowledge making. A case study from the first program and several pivotal ideas drawn from the second—about relational ontologies, multiple ontologies, and the ethico-political dimensions of knowledge making—support three key arguments advanced in this article. First, I argue for a deeper interrogation of methodological and epistemological matters in coding, classifying, and categorizing care tasks in time-use studies. Second, I maintain that care responsibilities exist as “process time”; they can be narrated, but they cannot be measured in fixed units of clock time. Third, I maintain that it is not only possible, but politically and conceptually important for researchers to look beyond clock time, to recognize the ontological multiplicity of time, including relational and non-linear time and to embrace and use different kinds of time. This article is part of a growing call to reimagine how we think about, conceptualize, measure, and make knowledges about time, time use, and care-time intra-actions.

A Low-Cost Method Shows Potentially Toxic Element Levels in Dust Correlated with Elevated Blood Levels of These Chemicals in Children Exposed to an Informal Home-Based Production Environment.

Dust is recognized as a route of exposure to environmental pollutants. The city of Limeira, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, is a production center for jewelry and fashion jewelry, where part of this jewelry production is home-based, informal, and outsourced. The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTE: Cr, Sn, Mn, Sb, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and As) in dust among children from households of informal workers using electrostatic dust cloths (EDC). Dust samples were collected in 21 exposed and 23 control families using EDC from surfaces where dust deposits had accumulated for approximately 14 days. In exposed families, dust samples were also collected from welders’ workstations. PTE concentrations were then determined using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results raised concerns in relation to Cr, As, and Cd exposure among children within the informal home-based production environment. Blood PTE concentrations in children showed a moderate correlation with levels of Cr (Rho 0.40), Zn (Rho −0.43), and As (Rho 0.40), and a strong correlation with Cd (Rho 0.80) (p < 0.05), detected in dust. In conclusion, analyzing dust collected using EDC proved a potentially low-cost tool for determining PTE in dust. In addition, the results confirmed that informal home-based work poses a risk for children residing in these households. Public policies are needed to assist these families and promote better conditions of occupational health and safety for the whole family.

Decision Factors of Rural Part-Time Workers in Southeast Sulawesi: Characteristics and Determinants

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and determinants of rural part-time workers in Southeast Sulawesi Province. This study focuses on the socio-demographic attribute that can influence a person to become a part-time worker. Part-time workers are part of non-full workers, which is considered not a problem. Part-time workers are absorbed in less decent jobs. Young age groups dominate them because they are less experienced in the complexities of job search, less intense in wage negotiations, less financially secure, and more vulnerable to psychological stress. Part-time workers are those who work below standard hours but are not looking for work and are not available for work. This study uses secondary data from the August 2021 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas). Samples used in this study were 3,540 part-time workers spread throughout Southeast Sulawesi Province. Two thousand eight hundred six part-time workers are in rural areas, and 734 are in urban areas. In this study, the dependent variable is part-time workers. While the variables of age, gender, position in the household, marital status, education level, and field of business are independent. The analytical method used in this study is binary logistic regression. This study shows the characteristics of rural part-time workers are dominated by those of the primary working age, female, ordinary household members, married, low education, and working in the agricultural sector. Based on the determinants, part-time workers are more likely to occur in those of young working age, have ever-married status, those with middle and low education, and work in the agricultural sector. Efforts are needed to reduce part-time workers to improve their welfare.

Kelelahan pada Pasien Congestive Heart Failure

Introduction: Fatigue is a characteristic symptom and is often found in CHF patients and has a negative effect on daily activities, disease prognosis, and patient's quality of life. However, fatigue is a common symptom that is often overlooked and ignored. Limited study explored fatigue in CHF patients. The aim of this study was to explore fatigue in CHF patients. Methods: The research design is a descriptive survey. The total research sample is 85 respondents. Data were taken using a Multidimensional Assessment Fatigue (MAF) questionnaire with univariate data analysis in the form of a frequency distribution. Respondents involved in the study were patients aged &gt;18 years who suffered from CHF based on a doctor's diagnosis and confirmed by medical records. Results: The majority of respondents are elderly with female gender, work as household workers, and heve income less than Rp1,500,000/month. Examination of vital signs performed on the majority of CHF patients showed normal temperature (36.5℃ - 37.5℃), pre-hypertensive blood pressure (120/80 - 139/89 mmHg), normal pulse (60-100x/min), and normal respiratory rate (12-20x/minute). Most patients have a CHF duration of 1–3 years, and are in grades 2 and 3 based on the New York Association (NYHA) classification. The results of this study were 65.9% of CHF patients experienced moderate fatigue, 17.6% severe fatigue, and 16.5% mild fatigue. Conclusion: Health services can consider efforts to improve the quality of nursing services in overcoming or minimizing fatigue experienced by CHF patients. These efforts can be a therapy, evidence-based health education, or fatigue monitoring for preventing a worsening of disease prognosis and improving the patient's quality of life. Keywords: CHF, Fatigue, Multidimensional Assesment Fatigue.

Kelelahan pada Pasien Congestive Heart Failure

Introduction: Fatigue is a characteristic symptom and is often found in CHF patients and has a negative effect on daily activities, disease prognosis, and patient's quality of life. However, fatigue is a common symptom that is often overlooked and ignored. Limited study explored fatigue in CHF patients. The aim of this study was to explore fatigue in CHF patients. Methods: The research design is a descriptive survey. The total research sample is 85 respondents. Data were taken using a Multidimensional Assessment Fatigue (MAF) questionnaire with univariate data analysis in the form of a frequency distribution. Respondents involved in the study were patients aged &gt;18 years who suffered from CHF based on a doctor's diagnosis and confirmed by medical records. Results: The majority of respondents are elderly with female gender, work as household workers, and heve income less than Rp1,500,000/month. Examination of vital signs performed on the majority of CHF patients showed normal temperature (36.5℃ - 37.5℃), pre-hypertensive blood pressure (120/80 - 139/89 mmHg), normal pulse (60-100x/min), and normal respiratory rate (12-20x/minute). Most patients have a CHF duration of 1–3 years, and are in grades 2 and 3 based on the New York Association (NYHA) classification. The results of this study were 65.9% of CHF patients experienced moderate fatigue, 17.6% severe fatigue, and 16.5% mild fatigue. Conclusion: Health services can consider efforts to improve the quality of nursing services in overcoming or minimizing fatigue experienced by CHF patients. These efforts can be a therapy, evidence-based health education, or fatigue monitoring for preventing a worsening of disease prognosis and improving the patient's quality of life. Keywords: CHF, Fatigue, Multidimensional Assesment Fatigue.

The Political Economy of Hegemonic Masculinity: Race, Income, and Housework in the United States

Macrocultural dynamics of hegemonic masculinity complicate microeconomic negotiations. In this article, I examine hegemonic masculinity as an explanatory framework to understand how gendered work in households differs along income and race dimensions. I use Panel Study of Income Dynamics data to demonstrate how men of different race and income groups respond to their female partner out-earning them, an economic threat to masculinity. Results indicate that upper-income couples with White men have a strong aversion to the situation in which a woman out-earns her male partner. Middle-income White men follow suit, but lower-income White men, and Black men in most income groups, do not. I discuss how these findings relate directly to power, patriarchy, and the hegemonic nature of hegemonic masculinity. JEL Classification: B54, J15, J16

WISQARS Cost of Injury for public health research and practice

AimSince 2011 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) has demonstrated per-injury average and population total medical and non-medical costs of injuries...

Study of The Pulmonary Function Test on Women, “The Domestic Biofuel (Wood) Users” in a Tribal Village of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

Air pollution is a widespread problem and its impact on the health of the human population is very high. This article provides an overview of the adverse effects of biofuel burning on women's health. The findings of this study were to determine the effect of the use of biofuel (mainly wood) in household works on lung function parameters of the exposed household workers (women). This study was conducted on 30 female subjects who use biofuel and collected the parameters height, weight, Body mass index (BMI), Saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2), Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured and was compared to the values of the different articles as reference values. Women, exposed to the biofuel smoke suffers from respiratory illness and have decreased PEFR values (l/min). To reduce pollutant exposures, we recommended the use of smokeless chullas as cleaner fuels such as kerosene, charcoal, remembering their poverty levels, as many studies show low pollution level from clean fuels. In the end, this study demonstrates the detrimental consequences of using biomass fuels, particularly wood, on the decline of pulmonary function.

A Study of Socio-Economic Conditions of Handloom Weavers in Uttar Pradesh of India

This study examines the social and economic conditions of handloom weavers in Uttar Pradesh state of India. This study is primarily based on secondary data, and the data were evaluated using a simple percentage, an annual growth rate, and a compound annual growth rate. They were also shown in a pie chart and a bar chart. This study is based on the following key aspects such as location, age, gender, religion, social group, educational qualifications, type and size of family, employment status, type and ownership of dwelling units, ration card, source of loan and purpose of the loan, monthly household income from handloom-related activities, and ownership of looms. The study results indicated that most workers are men, and the number of women workers is not good. Most weavers in Uttar Pradesh are members of the Muslim religion or the OBC (Other Backward Class) social group. Most workers live in kutcha houses, especially in rural areas. In cities, more households live in pucca and semi-pucca houses than in rural areas. It was also found that most handloom workers (97.3%) have their own homes in rural areas. There aren't enough educated handloom weavers, and a study shows that most weavers have never been to school. It can be said that most of the weavers, or about 55 per cent, worked as independent weavers. About 40 per cent worked as master weavers. It was found that most, or 59.5 per cent, of weaver households, have an income of less than Rs. 5,000. It can be said that most (53.2% of the weaver households) have taken out a loan for handloom purposes. The study found that most (25.5%) handloom households got loans from the government, followed by commercial banks (21.9 per cent). It found that most weaver households (73.5% of them) work with looms and that 26.5 % of weaver household’s work without looms. The study found that more male weavers (66.1%) have bank accounts than female weavers (only 33.7%). The study found that more male weavers (66.1%) have bank accounts than female weavers (only 33.7%). It found that 62.4 per cent of male weavers and 37.5 per cent of female weavers have aadhar cards. Only two transgender people have Aadhar cards. Most households (60%) have a monthly household income of less than Rs. 5,000, but the monthly household income in cities is higher than in rural areas. It also shows that most of the sales of their main products come from the local market (46.1%) and master weaver (43.3 per cent).

Symptom: Runny Nose Six Years After Acoustic Neuroma Surgery

Symptom: Runny Nose Six Years After Acoustic Neuroma Surgery

The Gender Gaps in Time-Use Within Italian Households During 2002–2014

How are Italian parents sharing family duties when they are both working full-time? We estimate gender gaps in the allocation of time by young Italian couples with children and document their trends over the years 2002–2014, disentangling time use on weekdays and weekend days. We show that the gaps in time devoted to Market work and Household work have narrowed over the years 2002–2014, while the gap in Basic childcare and Leisure remained almost constant. But the negative gap (females-males) in Market work shrunk much more than the positive gap in Household work (46% against 25%) The best-case scenario for gender parity is the one in which partners share similar work responsibilities and are relatively young; however, we show that family duties remain heavily unbalanced across gender in this sample. In 2014, full-time working mothers devote to Total work (paid and unpaid) 11 h per week more and to Leisure 9.7 h per week less than their partners. On the positive side, the gender gap in Quality childcare exhibits a reversed sign, which is driven by fathers’ engagement on weekend days.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40797-022-00211-5.

Health Condition of Elderly People at Dhurkot Rural Municipality in Gulmi District, Nepal

Aging is a gradual, continuous process of natural change that begins in early adulthood. The objective of the study was to analyse the health condition of elderly people atDhurkot Rural Municipality in Gulmi district. Purposively three wards were chosen for sample population. There were 930 elderly people aged 60 years and above who had received Old Age Allowance provided by the government of Nepal. A total of 280 elderly were interviewed. Finding shows that hill Dalit elderly people have better health condition than hill Brahmin elderly people [OR=.46(.26-.81)]. Elderly people who depended on agriculture labour were found to have better health condition than elderly who depended on their own agriculture [OR=.38(.19-.81)]. Elderly belonging to the age of 65-69 years had more good health condition than that of elderly people above 75 years and above [OR= .35(.15-.79)]. Elderly people work as a household work are two times more better health condition than who do agriculture work [OR=2.13(.95-4.47)]. Elderly people living with family without spouse are better health condition than elderly live alone [OR=.22(.07-.69)]. Likewise, elderly people living with spouse and family are better health condition than elderly people living alone [OR= .33(.1-1.03)]. Various health schemes, policies and programmes can be designed in the research area and similar settings based on the study findings.

Knowledge Level of OTC and OTC Limited Drugs Use for Self-medication in the Community of Tondo Village, Mantikulore District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

Self-medication is treatment without a doctor's prescription. Based on the Indonesia Central Bureau of Statistics (2022), the percentage of self-medication for the people of Central Sulawesi in 2021 is 85.85%. Self-medication can have a bad impact without the right knowledge, even causing death. The study aimed to determine the community characteristics who did self-medication. These minor illnesses were treated with self-medication, the profile of over-the-counter (OTC) and OTC limited medicines for self-medication, and the level of knowledge of these medicines used for self-medication in the community of Tondo Village. This type of research was descriptive, with a sample of 386 respondents who were taken using purposive sampling. Data collection was started from August – November 2021. Based on the results, the respondent’s characteristics were female (52.3%), aged 26-35 (24.4%), household work (31.1%), and history of high school education (46.4%). Minor illnesses that were treated by self-medication were fever (15.54%), ulcer (7.46%), cough (15.54%), flu (18.91%), diarrhea (2.85%), headache (1 .30%), and allergy (0.78%). The profiles of OTC and OTC limited drugs are limited to paracetamol for fever (33.16%), antacids for ulcers (75.70%), Komix® for coughs (28.8%), Mixagrib® for flu (36.99%), Entrostop® for diarrhea (70,00%), Ibuprofen for headaches (100%), and CTM for allergies (100%). The percentage of drugs purchased in pharmacies or drug stores was 61.46%. The selection of drugs was based on experience, personal/family usage history (84.46%), and self-medication was used to save treatment costs (47.15%). The knowledge of OTC and OTC-limited drugs were categorized as good (75.09%). Based on the findings, we can conclude that the level of knowledge on the use of OTC and OTC limited drugs for self-medication of Tondo people is categorized as good.

Assessment of Socio-Cultural Factors and their Effects on Girls’ Completion in Community Secondary Schools in Morogoro Municipality

This study sought to investigate the socio-cultural factors and their effects on girls’ completion of o-level education in community schools in Morogoro Municipality. The mixed research approach and descriptive survey research design were used. Sample size of this study was 222 respondents which included 135 ordinary teachers, 3 heads of schools, 30 parents, and 54 form four female students. Simple random sampling techniques were used in the selection of ordinary teachers, while purposive sampling technique were used in the selection of heads of schools, parents, and form four female students. Data collection methods were questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Findings of the study revealed that, socio-cultural factors that affect girls’ academic performance negatively include parental investment, household work, preference of family to educate boys rather than girls, failure to buy basic needs, and traditional initiation rites. The study recommends that the Government of Tanzania should ensure that, the 2014 Education Policy is effectively implemented, the Government and other educational stakeholders should build more boarding schools and develop existing ones as to accommodate girls, and the Government should enroll back girls who dropped out of school because of pregnancies.

Socioeconomic impact and burden of hypertension in the Philippines projected in 2050.

Hypertension has remained the number one cause of cardiovascular death in the Philippines for over three (3) decades. Despite this finding, the burden accounted for by hypertension is investigated to a lesser extent. We performed this study to determine the socioeconomic impact of hypertension in the Philippines, and it was projected in the next 30 years. We gathered primary data through interviews, Labor Force Survey (N = 806), and secondary data from various government published reports. The cost of illness (COI) was calculated using the direct morbidity and mortality costs. The impact (% of respondents) of uncontrolled hypertension on productivity at work showed the following; four (4) days missing work (72%) and ten (10) days lost of productivity (63%). The impact (% of respondents) of uncontrolled hypertension on productivity at home showed the following: six (6) days of household suspended (66%), eleven (11) days reduced household work (78%), and five (5) days affected social activity (60%). The productivity loss of premature mortality accounts for 17% of the total economic burden in 2020 and will increase to 20% by 2050. In 2020, 70% of the total economic burden was accounted for direct & indirect care. At its present value, the economic cost of hypertension is expected to increase from US$1 billion in 2020 to US$1.9 billion by 2050. The socioeconomic impact of uncontrolled hypertension in the Philippines was enormous, challenging, and overwhelming for the next 30 years.

Remittances and social capital: livelihood strategies of Timorese workers participating in the Australian Seasonal Worker Programme

Social and financial remittances from the Australian Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP) have transformed the livelihood capabilities of participating households from Timor-Leste. Timorese workers generally participate in SWP for a six-month period, with many returning for subsequent seasons. Qualitative, multi-sited research investigated the livelihood strategies of 50 Timorese worker households over a three-year period. Their net earnings averaged between 4000 and 8000 USD per season, varying with the type of employment, living costs and their ability to save. Remittances assist in strengthening livelihoods by consolidating financial, physical, social, natural and human capital, improving the quality of life for returning workers, their households and communities. Remittances maintain and consolidate social relationships, and enable investments in entrepreneurial activities, education and house building. Migrant workers exhibited a strong preference for developing social capital, with many investments in other livelihood assets underpinned by a desire to strengthen social relationships, reflecting beliefs that this enhances livelihood resilience. While remittances have made greater direct contributions to livelihoods than economic production within Timor-Leste, at least for participating households and their immediate networks, this expenditure on social capital also suggests the broader structural limitations of using remittances in a ‘productive’ way (through capital accumulation) within labour-sending countries.

An estimation of the informal economy in the agricultural sector in the EU‐15 from 1996 to 2019

AbstractThis study is the first to calculate the size and development of the informal/shadow economies in the agricultural sector for 15 “old” EU countries over 1996–2019. The multiple indicators multiple causes model was used for the estimation of levels and development of informal economies of these countries. The results show higher levels of informal economies in agriculture compared with those in the overall economies. One main contributing factor to this development was a change in the subsidization regime, namely, decoupling Common Agricultural Policy payments from quantities of products produced, introduced in 2003. The effects of taxation, share of imports, and factor income in agriculture are also important for the size of the informal agricultural economy. Finally, we disaggregate the informal work into subcategories, such as self‐employed, family and nonfamily, and household work. The biggest potential for the development of informal economy comes from taxation, regulation, and self‐employment, followed by family work and unreported employment. [EconLit Citations: Q11, Q14, Q19].