Work Of Research Groups Research Articles

Molecular Design Strategies toward Improvement of Charge Injection and Ionic Conduction in Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Expanding the toolbox of the biology and electronics mutual conjunction is a primary aim of bioelectronics. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) has undeniably become a predominant device for mixed conduction materials, offering impressive transconduction properties alongside a relatively simple device architecture. In this review, we focus on the discussion of recent material developments in the area of mixed conductors for bioelectronic applications by means of thorough structure–property investigation and analysis of current challenges. Fundamental operation principles of the OECT are revisited, and characterization methods are highlighted. Current bioelectronic applications of organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (OMIECs) are underlined. Challenges in the performance and operational stability of OECT channel materials as well as potential strategies for mitigating them, are discussed. This is further expanded to sketch a synopsis of the history of mixed conduction materials for both p- and n-type channel operation, detailing the synthetic challenges and milestones which have been overcome to frequently produce higher performing OECT devices. The cumulative work of multiple research groups is summarized, and synthetic design strategies are extracted to present a series of design principles that can be utilized to drive figure-of-merit performance values even further for future OMIEC materials.

Spectroelectrochemistry Using Optically Transparent Electrodes – Ted Kuwana and the Early Years

AbstractTheodore “Ted” Kuwana and his research group played a central role in the invention and early development of spectroelectrochemistry at optically transparent electrodes (OTEs). The history of the “idea” and the first ten years of research are reviewed. Topics include OTEs and spectroelectrochemical cells for transmission and internal reflection experiments, rapid scan spectrometer development, and applications to kinetics of homogeneous chemical reactions associated with electrode processes and redox active biological compounds such as cytochromes. Relevant work of other contemporary research groups is also presented.

Project-based online learning experiences of pre-service teachers

Student-centered learning approach, which embodies shifting the focus of instruction from teacher to student, actively engages students in their own learning process by incorporating their learning skills and interests. With the developments in instructional technologies making online learning widespread, the student-centered learning approach has found the opportunity to transition from theory to practice. How project-based learning, which is one of the best application areas of student-centered learning, can be realized in online learning environments and the views of pre-service teachers about this experience are the research subjects of this study. Conducted as a descriptive case study, this study investigates the views and experiences of 55 Computer and Instructional Technologies Education Department students towards application of project-based learning in an online course. Data gathered through close-ended Likert type questionnaire, open-ended questionnaire and self-evaluation reports revealed that project-based learning method provided learners with gains in terms of comprehension of course content through hands-on experience, developing research skills, improving collaboration and group work skills, and creating something by making use of their imagination and creativity in a fun way.

Resource Letter RP-1: Race and physics

This Resource Letter introduces theory, frameworks, research, and historical information that connect the experiences of people from ethnic/racial groups that have been minoritized and marginalized in science with a focus on physics. This resource is intended for all physicists who teach, advise, work in research groups with, and interact with other people. We start this report with an introduction to orient the audience and situate the resources to follow. We hope this Resource Letter will not only provide resources for the audience to review, but additionally generate conversation and discussions that can serve as a catalyst for making needed changes in physics and physics education.

From Black Box to Machine Learning: A Journey through Membrane Process Modelling

Membrane processes are complex systems, often comprising several physicochemical phenomena, as well as biological reactions, depending on the systems studied. Therefore, process modelling is a requirement to simulate (and predict) process and membrane performance, to infer about optimal process conditions, to assess fouling development, and ultimately, for process monitoring and control. Despite the actual dissemination of terms such as Machine Learning, the use of such computational tools to model membrane processes was regarded by many in the past as not useful from a scientific point-of-view, not contributing to the understanding of the phenomena involved. Despite the controversy, in the last 25 years, data driven, non-mechanistic modelling is being applied to describe different membrane processes and in the development of new modelling and monitoring approaches. Thus, this work aims at providing a personal perspective of the use of non-mechanistic modelling in membrane processes, reviewing the evolution supported in our own experience, gained as research group working in the field of membrane processes. Additionally, some guidelines are provided for the application of advanced mathematical tools to model membrane processes.

Fasting small vessels to prevent microvascular ageing? The experience of a microvascular research group working in the shadow of the leaning tower.

Fasting small vessels to prevent microvascular ageing? The experience of a microvascular research group working in the shadow of the leaning tower.

The Search Studies Group at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences

We present an overview of the work of the Search Studies research group, focusing on commercial search engines from a user perspective. This encompasses studying what users of these search engines get to see on the result pages, how users interact with search engines, and the effect both have on knowledge acquisition in society. Our research combines search engine data analysis, by collecting and analysing data from commercial search engines (data science), with understanding information-seeking behaviour through conducting user studies in different settings (information science), ranging from large, representative online surveys to behavioural studies in the lab employing, amongst others, eye-tracking.

The Molecular Functions of MeCP2 in Rett Syndrome Pathology.

MeCP2 protein, encoded by the MECP2 gene, binds to DNA and affects transcription. Outside of this activity the true range of MeCP2 function is still not entirely clear. As MECP2 gene mutations cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome in 1 in 10,000 female births, much of what is known about the biologic function of MeCP2 comes from studying human cell culture models and rodent models with Mecp2 gene mutations. In this review, the full scope of MeCP2 research available in the NIH Pubmed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) data base to date is considered. While not all original research can be mentioned due to space limitations, the main aspects of MeCP2 and Rett syndrome research are discussed while highlighting the work of individual researchers and research groups. First, the primary functions of MeCP2 relevant to Rett syndrome are summarized and explored. Second, the conflicting evidence and controversies surrounding emerging aspects of MeCP2 biology are examined. Next, the most obvious gaps in MeCP2 research studies are noted. Finally, the most recent discoveries in MeCP2 and Rett syndrome research are explored with a focus on the potential and pitfalls of novel treatments and therapies.

ГОЛОВНІ НАПРЯМИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ КРИВОРІЗЬКОГО ДЕРЖАВНОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ІНСТИТУТУ: ПЕРШІ РОКИ РЕКТОРСТВА П. І. ШЕВЧЕНКА

It’s proved that it’s necessary to study the activity of domestic, pedagogical institutions of higher education from the standpoint of the history of pedagogy, to describe in detail the educational-methodical and scientific-organizational work of institutes/universities and individual figures of the domestic educational branch. This approach allows: to reproduce a holistic picture of the development of the national education system, to track the formation and development of pedagogical ideas, concepts, which have their continuation in the modern scientific and pedagogical discourse. Although domestic science has significant achievements in various areas of historical and pedagogical knowledge, it still needs its study and generalization of step-by-step comprehensive reproduction of the history of individual institutions of higher education. Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University is 90 years old, so there is a need to study its experience in training teachers, as the institute was and remains the only specialized (pedagogical) institution of higher education in the Dnieper region. The author of the article believes that a significant contribution to the development of the Kryvyi Rih Pedagogical Institute was made by the rector - Pavel Ivanovich Shevchenko, who began working in the position in the late 70's of the twentieth century. At the beginning of his organizational-pedagogical and scientific-methodical activity the rector identified the main areas of work that contributed to the development of the university: quality training of part-time students (organization of independent work, cooperation with teachers, individualization of the learning process), general pedagogization of the educational process. organization of pedagogical practice, development of methodical recommendations on pedagogical practice, cooperation between methodologists of different departments) raising the level of qualification cadre of KPI (defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations, internships) and research (group) work of students. The author is convinced that certain areas remain relevant in modern conditions. The formation of the student's personality in higher pedagogical educational institutions will be effective only if the historical educational experience accumulated in Ukraine is used, thorough study, objective assessment and creative understanding of which will help to introduce the best achievements of higher education into modern pedagogical theory and practice.

A call for exploring mathematics education researchers’ interdisciplinary research practices

Mathematics Education Researchers’ work in interdisciplinary research groups can be enriching and challenging in terms of communication, work processes, institutional support, and the translation of findings into viable results for existing disciplines. We contend that there is a need to explore practices (i.e., ways of being, operating, and interacting with others) in these groups. We searched Scopus and ERIC databases to find published works of interdisciplinary groups involving at least one Mathematics Education Researcher, which led us to five articles in peer-reviewed mathematics education journals. Thematic analysis of these articles helped us identify three practices: (1) working toward research interests, (2) cultivating trust and open-mindedness, and (3) understanding institutional support. We argue that consideration of these practices can facilitate Mathematics Education Researchers’ interdisciplinary collaborations. Further research documenting Mathematics Education Researchers’ interactions within interdisciplinary research groups is needed.

Multiferroic bismuth ferrite: Perturbed angular correlation studies on its ferroic α−β phase transition

Work of numerous research groups has shown different outcomes of studies of the transition from the ferroelectric $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase to the high temperature $\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase of the multiferroic, magnetoelectric perovskite Bismuth Ferrite (${\mathrm{BiFeO}}_{3}$ or BFO). Using the perturbed angular correlation (PAC) method with $^{111m}\mathrm{Cd}$ as the probe nucleus, the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ to $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase transition was characterized. The phase transition temperature, the change of the crystal structure, and its parameters were supervised with measurements at different temperatures using a six detector PAC setup to observe the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay of the $^{111m}\mathrm{Cd}$ probe nucleus. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine parameters shows a change in coordination of the probe ion, which substitutes for the bismuth site, forecasting the phase transition to $\ensuremath{\beta}$-BFO by either increasing disorder or formation of a polytype transition structure. A visible drop of the quadrupole frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ at a temperature of about ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}{820}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{C}$ indicates the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase transition. For a given crystal symmetry, the DFT-calculations yield a specific local symmetry and electric field gradient value of the probe ion. The $Pbnm$ ($\ensuremath{\beta}$-BFO) crystal symmetry yields calculated local electric field gradients, which very well match our experimental results. The assumption of other crystal symmetries results in significantly different computed local environments not corresponding to the experiment.

BootCMatchG: An adaptive Algebraic MultiGrid linear solver for GPUs

Abstract Sparse solvers are one of the building blocks of any technology for reliable and high-performance scientific and engineering computing. In this paper we present a software package which implements an efficient multigrid sparse solver running on Graphics Processing Units. The package is a branch of a wider initiative of software development for sparse Linear Algebra computations on emergent HPC architectures involving a large research group working in many application projects over the last ten years.

Comparative Animal Mucomics: Inspiration for Functional Materials from Ubiquitous and Understudied Biopolymers.

The functions of secreted animal mucuses are remarkably diverse and include lubricants, wet adhesives, protective barriers, and mineralizing agents. Although present in all animals, many open questions related to the hierarchical architectures, material properties, and genetics of mucus remain. Here, we summarize what is known about secreted mucus structure, describe the work of research groups throughout the world who are investigating various animal mucuses, and relate how these studies are revealing new mucus properties and the relationships between mucus hierarchical structure and hydrogel function. Finally, we call for a more systematic approach to studying animal mucuses so that data sets can be compared, omics-style, to address unanswered questions in the emerging field of mucomics. One major result that we anticipate from these efforts is design rules for creating new materials that are inspired by the structures and functions of animal mucuses.

Pyrazoline Hybrids as Promising Anticancer Agents: An Up-to-Date Overview.

Pyrazolines are five-membered heterocycles possessing two adjacent nitrogens. They have attracted significant attention from organic and medicinal chemists due to their potent biological activities and the numerous possibilities for structural diversification. In the last decade, they have been intensively studied as targets for potential anticancer therapeutics, producing a steady yearly rise in the number of published research articles. Many pyrazoline derivatives have shown remarkable cytotoxic activities in the form of heterocyclic or non-heterocyclic based hybrids, such as with coumarins, triazoles, and steroids. The enormous amount of related literature in the last 5 years prompted us to collect all these published data from screening against cancer cell lines, or protein targets like EGFR and structure activity relationship studies. Therefore, in the present review, a comprehensive account of the compounds containing the pyrazoline nucleus will be provided. The chemical groups and the structural modifications responsible for the activity will be highlighted. Moreover, emphasis will be given on recent examples from the literature and on the work of research groups that have played a key role in the development of this field.

Critical factors impacting interdisciplinary university research teams of small size

Purpose This study aims to explore key factors influencing the work of interdisciplinary university research teams of small size. Design/methodology/approach This is a multiple-case study of four interdisciplinary university research teams of small size in which science and/or engineering was an important component. Findings Data analysis revealed 17 critical factors classified into five groups. Although some factors were more influential than others, it was rather multiple factors at various levels of analysis, and not a single factor, that influenced the work of research teams. Another important finding was the identified need to develop project management capacity of university researchers. The study also revealed two strategies, conditioned on the availability of funds, that small university research teams use as a way to adapt to situational demands and research opportunities. Originality/value Although previous research examined various aspects pertinent to the work of industry research teams and large research groups, empirical research into interdisciplinary university research teams of small size has been limited.

Human cloning ethical and legal issues

In developing science and society, the questions about the acceptability of the use of certain invented technologies arise more frequently. These issues require an unambiguous solution and monitoring of its implementation. One of the most pressing contemporary issues of biomedicine is the possibility of human cloning, the legal regulation of which has not been developed. The aim of the work is to analyze the existing ethical and legal framework of human cloning in the Russian Federation and to develop proposals for its improvement. The authors studied the materials published since the invention of cloning technology, such as speeches by leading scientists, scientific publications on this topic, the work of research groups (both in support of cloning and against it), as well as the results of sociological surveys of the population, legal acts of the Russian Federation, the experience of foreign states in the regulation of biotechnology. The lack of legal regulation of the process of human cloning in the territory of the Russian Federation was revealed. To supplement it, the following proposals are suggested: (1)clarification of terminology in legislative documents and legal consolidation of the concepts of therapeutic and reproductive cloning; (2)establishment of penalties for violation of prohibitions on the use of technology and definition of mechanisms for the enforcement of these penalties; (3)development of the direction of somatic human rights and, with a view to the future, consolidation of human clone rights. The authors believe that in the presence of legal regulation, the development of technology will not bring moral harm to humanity.

Sir Basil Schonland and the genesis of atomic physics in South Africa

This paper describes and discusses, mainly in terms of principles, the experimental work on energetic electron scattering by atomic nuclei, carried out by B. F. J. (later Sir Basil) Schonland, both at the Cavendish Laboratory under the direction of Sir Ernest Rutherford, and thereafter at the University of Cape Town. The theoretical basis of this work is examined in some detail, in order to elucidate the complexity of the problem of correct data analysis. Whereas the success achieved in this area might have led to the establishment of an active research group working in the field of quantum mechanics and its application to atomic physics, the decision was made ca. 1926 to terminate these investigations in favour of a field where South Africa offered natural advantages, and where considerable research experience in electron physics would prove valuable: lightning research. Several decades would elapse before quantum mechanics as an area of active research gained a foothold in South Africa.

Resource Letter: GP-1: Gender and Physics

This Resource Letter introduces issues which influence the representation and participation of women in physics. It is intended for all physicists, regardless of subfield, who teach, advise, or work in research groups with other people. We start with reports, statistics, and literature reviews, give a theoretical framework, and address the intersection of gender with additional identities. Then, we review several factors that impact the participation of women at all levels. We continue with the literature about scientific careers and then talk about “what works” and how women can be supported as physics students and as physicists. We conclude with a call to action.

MISTISISME ISLAM (Sebuah Dilema dan Tinjauan Masa Depan)

AbstractThe assumption who says that Sufism as a cause of poverty, backwardness, and stagnation is a misnomer because scientific research has been done by r. Pieris mentioned that India's Sikhs seized economic position because it combines the simplicity and the hard work of teaching, research and student groups mention that Geetz relatively richer than at abangan caused due to the attitude of a group of students is simple and avoids the lavish ceremony but workers hard. Likewise, some Sufi figures who have many scientific works such as Al-Farabi and Al-Ghazali.However, Sufism's future will be more commonly used with model neo-Sufism, in terms of a model that requires the batiniyah religious active life and engage in cooperation. Once in a while get rid of yourself to uzlah it might be worthwhile if it is done to energize your insights and views that was the starting point for the involvement and activity in the community. Such a model is like that offered by Hamka (Modern Tasauf) and Fazlurrahman (Neo-Sufism). Sufism this model trying to maintain the positive outcomes of modernization or development of science by filling the void that exists in him.Keywords: mistisme, the dilemma, Preview the future

Las citoquinas en el absceso hepático amebiano: un ejemplo de investigación inmunología en el ámbito clínico

El propósito de esta revisión es resaltar la importancia de la investigación en el área de la inmunología y su aplicación en el ámbito clínico. En una primera parte se presentan los descubrimientos más importantes que ayudaron a dilucidar los principales procesos fisiológicos involucrados en las enfermedades y de esta manera ayudaron a redireccionar la investigación en el área de la inmunología. Seguido, se describe un ejemplo de investigación básica relacionada con el papel de las citocinas en el absceso hepático amebiano, mostrando el trabajo de varios grupos de investigación en el mundo, con el objetivo de entender la respuesta inmune contra el parásito. Lo anterior nos permite argumentar la relevancia que tiene la investigación inmunológica dentro del contexto clínico.