Machine Work Research Articles

Computer Simulations of Injection Process of Elements Used in Electromechanical Devices.

This paper presents the computer simulations of the injection process of elements used in electromechanical devices and an analysis of the impact of the injection molding process parameters on the quality of moldings. The study of the process was performed in Autodesk Simulation Moldflow Insight 2021. The setting of the injection process of the detail must be based on the material and process technological card data and knowledge of the injection molding machine work. The supervision of production quality in the case of injection moldings is based on the information and requirements received from the customer. The main goal of the analysis is to answer the question: how to properly set up the process of filling the mold cavities in order to meet the quality requirements of the presented molding. In this paper, the simulation was compared with the real process. It is extremely important to optimize the injection, including synchronizing all process parameters. Incorrectly selected values of the parameters may lead to product defects, leading to losses and destruction of raw materials, and unnecessary energy consumption connected with the process.

The Contributions of Muscle and Machine Work to Land and Labor Productivity in World Agriculture Since 1800

Since 1800, there have been enormous changes in mechanical technologies farmers use and in the relative contributions of human and animal muscles and machines to farm work. We develop a database from 1800 to 2012 of on-farm physical work in world agriculture from muscles and machines. We do so to analyze how on-farm physical work has contributed to changes in land and human labor productivities. We find two distinct periods. First, from 1800 to around 1950, land productivity (measured as kcal food supply per hectare of cropland) was relatively stagnant at about 1.7 million kcal/ha, in part due to a scarcity of on-farm physical work. During this period, physical work was scarce because most of on-farm physical work (approximately 80% in 1950) was being powered by low power, low energy efficiency muscle work provided by humans and draft animals. From 1950 to 2012, land productivity nearly tripled as more machine-based work inputs became available. The additional machine-based work inputs have contributed to the growth in land and labor productivities, as they have enabled farmers to control more physical work enabling more irrigation and agrochemical applications. However, the tripling of land productivity has required a near 4.5-fold increase in physical work per hectare, suggesting diminishing returns. Farmers accomplished this extra work with less final energy because they transitioned from low-efficiency muscle work to high-efficiency machines which drove farm-wide energy conversion efficiency up fourfold from 1950 to 2012. By 1990, machine conversion efficiencies started to plateau. Given diminishing returns and plateauing efficiencies, we predict that fuel and electricity usage on farms will increase to continue raising land productivity.

Smart DIPSS for Dynamic Stability Enchancement on Multi-Machine Power System

Disruption of the electric power system always results in instability. These disturbances can be in the form of network breaks (transients) or load changes (dynamic). Changes in load that occur suddenly and periodically cannot be responded well by the generator so that it can affect the dynamic stability of the system. This causes the occurrence of frequency oscillations in the generator. A poor response can cause frequency oscillations for a long period. This will result in a reduction in the available power transfer power. In a multi-machine power system, all the machines work in synchrony, so the generator must operate at the same frequency. Therefore, disturbances that arise will have a direct impact on changes in electrical power. In addition, changes in electrical power will have an impact on mechanical power. The difference in response speed between a fast electrical power response and a slower mechanical power response will result in instability. As a result of these differences, the system oscillates. The addition of the excitation circuit gain is less able to stabilize the system. To solve the problem, additional signal changes are required. The additional signal is generated by the Dual Input Power System Stabilizer (DIPSS) setting using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method. Disruption of the electric power system always results in instability. These disturbances can be in the form of network breaks (transients) or load changes (dynamic). Changes in load that occur suddenly and periodically cannot be responded well by the generator so that it can affect the dynamic stability of the system. This causes the occurrence of frequency oscillations in the generator. A poor response can cause frequency oscillations for a long period. This will result in a reduction in the available power transfer power. In a multi-machine power system, all the machines work in synchrony, so the generator must operate at the same frequency. Therefore, disturbances that arise will have a direct impact on changes in electrical power. In addition, changes in electrical power will have an impact on mechanical power. The difference in response speed between a fast electrical power response and a slower mechanical power response will result in instability. As a result of these differences, the system oscillates. The addition of the excitation circuit gain is less able to stabilize the system. To solve the problem, additional signal changes are required. The additional signal is generated by the Dual Input Power System Stabilizer (DIPSS) setting using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method.

Special Issue on Self-Optimizing Machining Systems

The concept of Self-Optimizing Machining Systems (SOMS) has been proposed against the background of Industry 4.0 and the Digital Twin concept, based on cyber-physical systems. In order to improve manufacturing productivity, quality, and efficiency, each component technology related to the machining process, such as CAD/CAM, process modeling/simulation, process monitoring/control, and workpiece assessment, as well as the machine tools themselves, has been developed independently to date. However, series of processes, including the interactions among these component technologies, have finally determined the machining performance and the quality of the products. SOMS deals with the information links among these components comprehensively and plays the important role of combining these links and functionalities to optimize the overall machining system. Nevertheless, an intensive implementation and combination of these technologies has yet to become state-of-the-art in industry, while further research and development for SOMS is required for Industry 4.0 and Digital Twin. This special issue focuses on the research trends of SOMS, especially the interaction links among machine tools, process monitoring, and work assessment. From researchers who are active on the front lines of manufacturing engineering, the latest achievements related to the development of SOMS are presented in 6 papers. On one hand, the development of sensor-integrated components is indispensable for SOMS to monitor the status of a process and feed it back to a related component in order to control the machining process and its environment. On the other hand, it can be said that visual simulation, virtual metrology, and other epoch-making, on-machine technologies for evaluating machined surfaces, as well as process optimization based on machined surface information, are strongly required. We hope this special issue will contribute to future research and development for researchers and engineers in the field of manufacturing and machining systems.

Spectral and network characterization of focal seizure types and phases

Background and objectiveCurrently, epileptic seizure characterization relies on several clinical features that allow their classification into different types. The present work aims to characterize both seizure types and phases based exclusively on electrophysiological characteristics. MethodsBased on the analysis of intracranial EEG recordings of 129 seizures from 22 patients obtained from the European Epilepsy Database, network and spectral measures were calculated in five-second temporal windows. Statistically significant differences between each window of the seizure phases (preictal, ictal, and postictal) and the interictal phase were used to identify/classify seizure types and their phases. A support vector machine (SVM) working on a multidimensional feature space of network and spectral measures was implemented for the classification of each seizure type; a traditional statistical approach was also conducted to highlight the underlying patterns to each seizure type or phase. ResultsThe percentage of correct classification of seizure types, corrected by chance, provided by the SVM exceeded 70%, considering all measures and the entire seizure (preictal + ictal + postictal). This percentage increased to more than 80% when all the measures during the ictal period for the depth electrodes or during the postictal for subdural electrodes were considered. Regarding the statistical approach, several measures presented a monotonic ascending and descending behavior with respect to seizure severity; these changes were observed during the ictal and postictal periods. Some measures were specific of each seizure type. ConclusionsOur results provide a new framework to seizure characterization and reveal the possibility of an exclusively intracranial EEG-based classification. This could be used to build an automatic seizure classification system and provides new evidence of the network-related physiopathology of epilepsies. Thus, the novelty of this work is the possibility of differentiating seizure types based exclusively on the EEG recordings, providing evidence of the underlying patterns or characteristics to each seizure type and/or phase that would allow their optimal classification.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТОРМОЗНЫХ СВОЙСТВ КОЛЕСНОГО ФОРВАРДЕРА 8×8

The operating conditions of wheeled forwarders have been considered. The requirements for the efficiency of the braking system are described, as well as methods for testing the working and parking braking systems of wheeled forestry machines when operating on ups and downs of up to 50%. The most severe brake loading situations in terms of keeping the forwarder on a slope have been shown. A calculation scheme for determining the loads in the contact patch during the descent of a wheeled forwarder has been drawn up. The initial data necessary for calculating the braking system of the machine have been given. The results of calculations of reactions when the forwarder is located on a horizontal support surface and the calculation of reactions in the contact patch of the wheel during descent and ascent are given. The technical parameters of the braking system of the NAF TAP 7601 balancer axles used on the developed machine have been presented. The results of calculations of the braking properties of the forwarder in running order and at full weight on the descent (characterized by the parameters α = 40% and α = 50%, as well as on the ascent α = -50%) have been presented. The results of calculations of the required braking torque on the wheels of the machine, the maximum-realized braking torque for the adhesion of all wheels of the front and rear axles of the machine have been presented. The safety factor of braking mechanisms and the safety factor for adhesion have been given

RANCANG BANGUN SABLON JALUR LAYOUT PCB OTOMATIS BERBASIS PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL (PLC)

Advances technology in life is also accompanied by innovations from various automation processes, a strong reason that encourages the formation of this PLC-Based Automatic PCB Path Screen Printing tool, starting from students printing PCB by ironing the circuit design results on the PCB, which takes time long enough. At this step, many people experience problems, including the paths on the PCB etching results are broken due to the uneven ironing of the printed results. As a result, the circuit does not work as intended. Therefore, a PCB etching machine is needed that can work automatically. It can produce the desired circuit results in a shorter and better time, The way this PCB screen printing machine works, is to use a Heater (heat element), which is then controlled by the Thermo Controller, and programmed by the PLC, and pushes and pressing using air pressure (pneumatic) which is then determined by the Timer, During the specified time, After finishing the PCB screen printing results are cooled by a 24v DC fan, this tool has specifications with a length of 60cm, width 40cm and height 80cm this machine is designed to minimize time and effort to be faster and get better results

How does the DogeCoin Millionaire Auto Trade machine work?

How does the DogeCoin Millionaire Auto Trade machine work?

NudC guides client transfer between the Hsp40/70 and Hsp90 chaperone systems

In the eukaryotic cytosol, the Hsp70 and the Hsp90 chaperone machines work in tandem with the maturation of a diverse array of client proteins. The transfer of nonnative clients between these systems is essential to the chaperoning process, but how it is regulated is still not clear. We discovered that NudC is an essential transfer factor with an unprecedented mode of action: NudC interacts with Hsp40 in Hsp40-Hsp70-client complexes and displaces Hsp70. Then, the interaction of NudC with Hsp90 allows the direct transfer of Hsp40-bound clients to Hsp90 for further processing. Consistent with this mechanism, NudC increases client activation invitro as well as in cells and is essential for cellular viability. Together, our results show the complexity of the cooperation between the major chaperone machineries in the eukaryotic cytosol.

High-resolution in situ structure determination by cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging using emClarity.

Cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging (STA) has developed rapidly in recent years. It provides structures of macromolecular complexes in situ and in cellular context at or below subnanometer resolution and has led to unprecedented insights into the inner working of molecular machines in their native environment, as well as their functional relevant conformations and spatial distribution within biological cells or tissues. Given the tremendous potential of cryo-electron tomography STA in in situ structural cell biology, we previously developed emClarity, a graphics processing unit-accelerated image-processing software that offers STA and classification of macromolecular complexes at high resolution. However, the workflow remains challenging, especially for newcomers to the field. In this protocol, we describe a detailed workflow, processing and parameters associated with each step, from initial tomography tilt-series data to the final 3D density map, with several features unique to emClarity. We use four different samples, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag assemblies, ribosome and apoferritin, to illustrate the procedure and results of STA and classification. Following the processing steps described in this protocol, along with a comprehensive tutorial and guidelines for troubleshooting and parameter optimization, one can obtain density maps up to 2.8 Å resolution from six tilt series by cryo-electron tomography STA.

Підвищення технічного ресурсу і довговічності робочих органів ґрунтообробних сільськогосподарських машин

The working bodies of tillage agricultural machines (ploughshare, plow shelf, cultivator paw, harrow disc) work in conditions of abrasive operation, shock loads and the impact of external aggressive environment. Their repair is to restore the original size of parts and wear resistance of functional work surfaces. During the operation of tillage machines and units, the working surfaces are subjected to uneven wear, which reduces the life of parts and increases the cost of their replacement and restoration. The working bodies of tillage agricultural machines (ploughshare, plow shelf, cultivator paw, harrow disc) work in conditions of abrasive operation, shock loads and the impact of external aggressive environment. Their repair is to restore the original size of parts and wear resistance of functional work surfaces. During the operation of tillage machines and units, the working surfaces are subjected to uneven wear, which reduces the life of parts and increases the cost of their replacement and restoration. The current level of operation of agricultural machinery is characterized by increased speeds and high productivity, which, in turn, leads to increased wear of parts. accordingly, the reliability of the recovered machines will depend on the wear resistance and fatigue strength of the recovered parts. The leading place in the repair of machines is occupied by welding and surfacing processes, which account for about 80% of all restorative parts. Surfacing makes it possible to obtain layers of any thickness and chemical composition on the working surfaces of parts; apply a welded layer with different properties, ie high hardness and wear resistance. In this work we use point (point) hardening, which consists in micro-dripping of the hard alloy into the surface structure of parts that undergo intense abrasive wear. The geometry of the hardening point is a spherical sector, which facilitates the rapid removal of heat from the surfacing bath in the base metal and the environment, so the hardening points harden at high speed and in a short time. At point strengthening of details one of the main conditions providing stable quality of process - coordination of welding current and arc voltage. The sawtooth profile of the ploughshare blade (cultivator paws) is maintained throughout its service life. providing effective cutting even with the blades worked.

Modeling the fuel consumption of forwarders based on different log sizes and forwarding distances

The aim of the proposed study was to show the fuel consumption of various log skidders and to create models for estimating the fuel consumption for different forwarders operating in cutting areas with different tree size characteristics. Production tests of the forwarders' operation at various cutting areas have been carried out. In experimental studies, forwarders from different countries were used. In particular, forwarders: Amkodor-2682 (Belarus), Komatsu 840 (Japan), TB-1M-16A (Russia).To implement the experiment and estimate the fuel consumption by forwarders, a volumetric method of replenishing the fuel tank at the end of the machine's working cycle was chosen. As a result of the performed experimental studies, the mathematical models for calculating the fuel consumption of forwarders on the dimensional characteristics of trees and the distances of log forwarding have been substantiated. They are necessary for estimating fuel consumption under different operating conditions of forwarders. The results were obtained with a confidence level of 0.95. The coefficients of determination for forwarders: Amkodor-2682, Komatsu 840, TB-1M-16, were 0.81, 0.80 and 0.84, respectively. This shows a high proportion of the influence of the dimensional characteristics of the object of labor on the fuel consumption of machines. The use of the developed mathematical relationships will facilitate the planning and calculation of the operating costs of the forwarding equipment.

PCWGAN-GP: A New Method for Imbalanced Fault Diagnosis of Machines

In real industrial scenarios, machines work in a healthy condition at most time. Thus, the number of healthy samples is far more than that of the fault ones. This results in the issue about data imbalance in machine fault diagnosis. In general, conducting multiple long-time failure tests can satisfy a sufficient and balanced dataset. However, it is impracticable due to massive costs. Aimed at all data-based fault diagnosis methods, data imbalance seriously affects their accuracy and robustness. Accordingly, a new method based on data augment is proposed to settle this problem. At first, a new GAN model namely parallel classification Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (PCWGAN-GP) is designed. Then, healthy samples are input into PCWGAN-GP for generating more high-quality faulty samples to gradually augment the imbalanced dataset until it balances. At last, a fault diagnosis model is trained by the balanced dataset and applied to a testing set. For PCWGAN-GP, each faulty category independently equipped by a generator, a discriminator, and a classifier. In addition to the generation loss, discrimination loss, and classification loss, a Pearson loss function and a separability loss function are designed to improve PCWGAN-GP in sample generation for fault diagnosis. An experiment on a bearing dataset verifies the superiority of this proposed method in imbalanced fault diagnosis.

Parameter optimization on WEDM machine of oil hardened nickel (Non – Shrinking) steel

Conventional machining processes find it difficult to machine the hard material. The hard material is machined with wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). The goal of this research is to machine oil hardened non-shrinking steel using WEDM and to decide on the best possible input variables to maximise the machining performance. The experiment was conducted on the EZEECUT NXG CNC Wire Cut EDM using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array. The effects of pulse on time, pulse off time, sensitivity, gap, peak current, and wire feed on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) are observed. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to identify the significance of the machining parameters on the material removal rate and surface roughness. The signal-to-noise ratio generates the characteristics that influence the performance and is used to decide the optimum parameter for maximum performance. The investigational results indicate that pulse on time of 35 µs, pulse off time 07 µs, peak current of 3A, sensitivity 9, gap of 15 mm, and feed rate of 4 mm/min yielded optimal values of surface roughness. The best MRR value is obtained with a pulse on time of 25 µs, a pulse off time of 07 µs, a peak current of 4A, a sensitivity of 10, a gap of 10 mm, and a feed rate of 12 mm/min. The confirmatory test is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal condition. The results of this study show that variables like pulse on time, pulse off time, and peak current have a big impact on how well a machine works.

The assessment of the ISO GPS system implementation with a GPS maturity model

For more than twenty years, the international system for the geometrical tolerancing of components has been reformed. With the aim for a non-verbal specification and verification of components, the ISO system for Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (ISO GPS system) has emerged. Due to the necessary extensive specification language, which additionally contains mathematical descriptions, references, 3D specifications, defaults, rules for manufacturing and measurement etc., the ISO GPS system has now reached a complexity, which cannot easily be understood and decoded by the different engineers and departments in the companies, especially small and medium-sized enterprises as well as handicraft businesses. This makes an application in the entrepreneurial practice almost impossible. A structure and guidelines for the application are currently missing. Furthermore, there is a lack of requirements and a general approach for a necessary multi-layered training of specialists like engineers or machine workers as well as managers. There are also no generally accepted standards for the application of the ISO GPS system in companies. Often, small businesses, as contractors to large companies, have to deal with the challenges due to ISO GPS conform specifications. This problem has recently been amplified by the rapid progress of digitization and the increased use of 3D data including PMIs or application of 3D model-based definitions.For this reason, an implementation strategy for an integrated GPS system for small and medium-sized enterprises has been developed as part of a current research project at the Chemnitz University of Technology. To overcome the difficulties caused by the complexity of the ISO GPS system, an agile training concept based on GPS competencies, a roadmap for the integration process, and a GPS maturity model for the assessment of the process have been developed. Fundamental results of the research project with focus on the development of the GPS maturity model for a transparent agile implementation process are presented in this paper.

Forecasting critical reduction in road vehicle performance

In the conditions of modern construction, reconstruction of repair and maintenance of roads, the work of road machines is associated with the implementation of work plans. There are different work plans: annual, quarterly, monthly, daily and others. The implementation of the above work plans is impossible without a deep daily consistent analysis of the operation of road machines at the facilities. Today, there are great opportunities at the factory to monitor the operation of road machines online, which allows you to technically control the operation of road machines at facilities, even at a significant distance. In many ways, this is due to the installation on almost all the road machines under consideration of a system for monitoring their work and other tracking automatic systems. Unfortunately, in most cases, decisions on the operation of road machines are made on the fact of events at work, that is, in case of: refusal to work, failure to fulfill the production plan, the occurrence of unplanned circumstances, and so on, that is, on the fact of specific events. The purpose of the article was to show and document that, from a scientific point of view, it was possible to prevent and prevent the failure of road vehicles to perform the required work on specific sites. To do this, it is necessary to use a medium mathematical apparatus when investigating the available values of the operational performance of road machines, having determined the first derivative from their functions. That is, the study of the first derivative of the functions of planned and actual operational production networks of road machines, as well as how this allows us to predict the implementation of the required volumes of work. Keywords: road machine, scope of work, productivity, first derivative

Cell bioenergetics: Simple logics, complex solution

Cells are open systems that exchange energy and molecules with their environment. As any material system, they perform all the complex activities required for homeostasis and reproduction, obeying the thermodynamic laws. This viewpoint will argue that the basic logic governing the energy flux required to preserve cell organization and function is simple: to decrease the activation energy (Ea) of specific processes. Almost none of the possible chemical reactions and energy transformations inside a cell occur at a measurable speed at room or body temperature. Enzymes or other macromolecular structures speed up particular transformations by decreasing the corresponding energetic barriers. However, to maintain the systems in a homeostatic state, capable of sophisticated functions based on this simple strategy requires an inconceivably complex solution. The conclusion will point to the challenging and intricate problems that cells have solved to carve the highly regulated channel through which the energy flows, fueling the work of these nanoscale machines.

Improving the patency of sprinkler machines on moistened soil on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies of the system “irrigation rate-soil-sprinkler machine”

A feature of the work of wide-reach sprinkler machines is that the supporting surface when moving is moistened, and waterlogged soils in case of significant irrigation rates. At the same time, the wheeled running systems themselves are not well adapted to moving on waterlogged soils, water-saturated, low-bearing soils. The reliability of the sprinkler machines with an increase in irrigation rates is significantly reduced due to a decrease in their patency and forced downtime. The aim of the study was to increase the patency of sprinkler machines on moistened soil on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies of the system “irrigation rate – soil – sprinkler machine”. On the basis of the conducted studies, the regularities of track formation after the passage of wide-reach sprinkler machines of circular action were revealed. The model of interaction of the wheel with the soil is presented. The dependences of the depth and width of the track on the bearing capacity of the soil and the distance from the main support for sprinkler machines with rigid wheels of the “Fregat” type and pneumatic wheels of the “Kuban-LK1M” (KASCAD) sprinkler machine, “Kuban-LK1” MDEK 212 and “KASCAD” DM type are obtained. The conducted studies allowed to determine the optimal ratio of the pipeline diameter, span width and type of running systems, depending on the load-bearing capacity of the soil.

Experimental analysis on the effect of fabric structures and seam performance characteristics of weft knitted cotton apparels

The objective of present research is to analyze the impact of knitted fabric structures, sewing thread types and stitch types on seam strength, seam slippage, seam pucker, and seam efficiency on quality of garments. Seams are basic necessities in the manufacturing of garments. In general, seam performance has an enormous impact on the garment quality. Seam and stitch types have a positive effect on the quality and appearance of garments. Seams of the garment must be durable and smooth. Stitch and seam types and stitch and seam parameters should be chosen according to the garments and fabrics (single jersey, rib, and interlock) Seam production of a garment also depends on structural and mechanical properties of the fabric such as strength, extensibility, protection, durability, appearance, and efficiency of the seams. The performance of seams also depends on the sewing conditions like size of needle, sewing thread tension, stitches per inch and lastly on the proper working and maintenance of the stitching machine. An experimental design was employed for the analysis which includes two types of sewing thread and four classes of stitch. The results exposed that differences existed between the two dissimilar threads in relation with seam quality Polyester-wrapped threads with a polyester filament core thread shows better seam strength, seam slippage, seam puckering and seam efficiency. It is noted that seam efficiency increases with seam angle and sewing needle type. It has been found that small ball point needle type exhibits poor seam efficiency but an improvement in efficiency has been observed with Medium ball point needle type and conical point needle type for all three knitted fabrics.

Визначення параметрів та ефективність роботи додаткових робочих органів глибокорозпушувачів

The article presents an overview and analysis of existing additional operating parts of combined deep tillers of serial machines. It was established that the issue of assessing the effectiveness of additional operating parts of deep tillers and the search for their rational structural and technological parameters is insufficiently studied and needs practical solution. The most versatile operating part for high-quality work of deep tillers can be a paired toothed roller. Having studied its design parameters and operating modes, it is possible to get clear recommendations regarding its use. An improved design of the Tandem Spiked toothed roller type with mechanical adjustment is proposed, as such rollers have a much simpler shape of teeth and a smaller cross-section of each tooth. The dependences for the calculation of certain design parameters of the roller, namely its diameter, length and coefficient of volume deformation of the soil, are given based on the fact that the roller performs two functions – compaction of the lower layers of the soil and crushing of clods and intensive mixing of the upper horizons. To determine the rolling force on the soil surface, we use the relationship that includes the weight of the roller, the volume deformation coefficient of the soil, the grip width of the roller and its diameter. Field studies to assess the efficiency of paired toothed rollers ere carried out. For the effective operation of combined deep tillers of the soil, it is necessary to use additional operating parts, which should additionally grind large particles and partially mix and distribute plant residues. It is most expedient to use paired toothed rollers with mechanical adjustment as additional operating parts under difficult working conditions. At the stage of substantiating the design parameters of paired toothed rollers, it is enough to take into account the required angle of the soil roller's girth and the average value of the soil deformation depth. This will allow getting actual value of the working diameter of the roller and calculate the force of the roller rolling over the soil surface. During field studies of the operation of combined deep tillers with a paired toothed roller, it was established that when working with two toothed rollers at a working speed of 7.2...8.2 km/h, the qualitative indicator of soil crushing is at the level of 70...75%, which significantly exceeds the qualitative indicators of the work of foreign machines of a similar design under the same operating conditions.