Journalistic Work Research Articles

Correlation between the religious and the secular by F. M. Dostoevsky (based on “Writer’s Diary” and letters)

The article analyzes Dostoevsky’s religious and philosophical views on the correlation between the religious and the secular. The article examines journalistic works and letters of the writer. The analysis has shown that Dostoevsky’s philosophical thought is christocentric, moreover the dispute about the relationship between the religious and the secular as well as the dispute about the correlation between the religious and the historical process itself are immersed by him in a theological Christian context. Dostoevsky denied and criticized the key concepts of political philosophy of the Modernity (“Enlightenment”, “Progress”) and filled them with Orthodox understanding. He viewed religion and the culture itself (including rational thinking) as a subsystem of Christianity considering any social relations as a derivative of religion and as part of religion, and not as autonomous spheres. He considered any secular ideals and norms as religious and moral categories, put them inside the religious discourse of Christianity. Thus he doubt on the ontological usefulness of the “secular” as a philosophical category.

Перифрази в публіцистиці В. Яворівського новітнього періоду творчості

The article clarifies the semantic-syntactic, functional-stylistic, cognitive-onomasiological, linguistic-cultural and communicative-pragmatic features of paraphrases in the literary journalism of V. Yavorivskyi of the latest period of creativity. The source of the research is four collections of journalistic works by V. Yavorvskyi «What kind of people are we?..». It has been proven that the writer primarily chooses his own names as the subject of figurative understanding of reality, among which the names of persons, geographical names. The most loaded with paraphrased names is the lexeme Ukraine. In the journalistic discourse of V. Yavorivskyi, periphrasis can be expressed by a word, phrase and, occasionally, a sentence. Periphrases are represented when they have an expressive colour or are used with a figurative meaning that strengthens the evaluative component of the nomen. The modelling of periphrastic names is determined by a number of pragmatic factors, the most important of which are the tendency of V. Yavorivskyi as an author of artistic journalism to metaphorically reproduce reality, the desire to express public opinion and his own attitude to the events being described.

М.Дулатұлының публицистикалық еңбектеріндегі ұлттық құндылықтар

The study of the journalistic works of Alash veterans is not only the main task of today, but also necessary for us to look into our past, analyze our present and guide our future. This task is especially important for our country, which lives in modern conditions of independence and is becoming known to the world. Mirzhakip Dulatov was an educator of the Kazakh people, who held a democratic orientation. In addition to his poetic manifesto" Oyan, Kazakh", he developed a new methodology for the textbook of Kazakh literature and presented a new project for teaching in national schools. His ideas took the development of the Kazakh people to a new stage. Mirzhakip Dulatov's work is distinguished by its versatility. He is a poet, a master of speech. He is a person who saw all the hardships of a turbulent period and loved his nation very much. Therefore, we tried to consider Mirzhakyp Dulatov's work in the framework of that period, in unity with the political and cultural environment, as a whole

Periodismo contra la desinformación. Proceso y estructura de las verificaciones en el fact-checking

Fact-checking is one of the main journalistic solutions against the disinformation challenge. In order for fact-checkers to perform their work efficiently, they need to base their action on the scientific method and the application of a verification systematic model to check false narratives. This article analyzes and describes the usual verification process carried out by these media institutions in the different phases of selection, execution and, above all, elaboration of the verification reports. The results of this journalistic work, published on the websites of these outlets, hybridize properties of different types of journalistic reports, but do not fit in neither of them. Therefore, the question is left open as to whether fact-checking is giving birth to a new journalistic genre (the fact-checking report) or simply reconfiguring some of the existing ones.

Pemberdayaan kelompok karang taruna dalam kegiatan citizen journalism di Desa Mencirim Kecamatan Kutalimbaru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang

The problem of drug abuse and criminal acts that occurred in the village of Mecirim, Kutalimbaru District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra has involved young people. Community service activities are carried out to empower youth groups by increasing creativity through citizen journalism activities, and to maximize the use of digital technology so that the involvement of youth groups in public accountability through the media is maximized so that they are more empowered in social roles in society. The method used is through, first, training through face-to-face lectures by providing citizen journalism material and making personal blogs. Second, face-to-face guidance in the form of editing citizen journalism products produced by youth groups. Third, evaluate the delivery and loading of citizen journalism products to the mass media. The results achieved from this activity are increased knowledge and understanding and skills of youth groups about citizen journalism and citizen journalism activities carried out by youth groups by sending journalistic works published by online mass media.

Environmental Journalism in the Environmental Conflict: A Case Study of Mainstream and Alternative Media Discourse on the Conflict of Cement Factory Construction in Rembang, Indonesia

This paper aims to reveal the discourse produced by mainstream and alternative media about the conflict of the cement factory construction of PT Semen Indonesia in Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia. This study has applied critical discourse methods proposed by Norman Fairclough, focusing on three discourse levels: texts, discursive practices, and socio-cultural practices. The analyses were conducted on the selected texts from June 2014 to December 2015 in Liputan6.com as the mainstream media category and Selamatkanbumi.com as the example of alternative media. This study found that Liputan6.com lacks environmental and biocentric values. It tends to support the discourse of ‘mining for welfare’. Liputan6.com has marginalized the arguments of the factory repellent by contrasting them with the experts’ and politicians’ statements without in-depth investigations on the impact of cement factory construction on the local environment. The news tends to be a one-sided reportage. Meanwhile, Selamatkanbumi.com quite aggressively publishes news about this conflict, framed with the discourse of ‘mining destroys the environment’. Selamatkanbumi.com has shown its alignment with the environmental crisis and has practiced the principal attitudes of environmental journalism, except professionalism. They were lack of professionalism since they often just published press releases or opinions that met with their interest, not processes with proper journalistic works.

The interference between new media and traditional media. Assessing the impact of new tools on conventional media content

"The media industry has been disrupted by technological developments. In journalism, competition has emerged between traditional media such as television or radio and new media. It’s natural that people spend more time on these new platforms and journalists have to adapt to secure their profession. The theoretical objective is to assess how the basic function of agenda setting by journalists has changed in the new information ecosystem. Empirically, the paper aims to show how the content of news magazines in the media in Romania has changed over time with the expansion of new media. The paper examines the content of TV news bulletins according to the source of the images used. A content analysis to explain the current situation compared to 10 years ago, when the new media did not know such an amplitude. By analysing a series of 77 news programmes, 862 news items, the article assesses the audience’s participation in the production of news, but also the public institutions that use technology to impose their own messages. The results suggest that in 2021 the share of news with downloaded content (not the work of journalists) has increased 12-fold compared to the same period analysed ten years ago. This raises questions about who sets the agenda and what the identity of the traditional journalist is in the face of technological advances. Keywords: Mass-communication, New Media, Agenda Setting Theory, Mediatization"

L’œuvre journalistique de James Sanua à Paris, de la satire révolutionnaire à la médiation entre l’Orient et l’Occident (1878-1910)

Pionnier du théâtre et du journalisme satiriques arabes, Yaʿqūb Ṣannūʿ (James Sanua, 1839-1912) se réfugie à Paris en 1878. Pendant les 33 années qui suivent, il publie un journal satirique, dont le titre changera sept fois, puis lance Tawaddud [Sympathisons], al-Munṣif [L’Équitable] et L’Univers Musulman. Ces différentes publications passèrent progressivement d’un discours nationaliste, voire islamiste, destiné à la politisation des lecteurs égyptiens, à un message de médiation entre les cultures orientale et occidentale. Avec son dernier journal, Sanua voulait faire comprendre le monde musulman, sa culture et sa religion aux lecteurs français. Cet article a pour objectif de présenter l’œuvre journalistique de James Sanua et l’impact de son installation à Paris sur celle-ci.

Факт и художественность в документальном кино (на примере телевизионных фильмов о Великой Отечественной войне)

This article is devoted to the study of methods of transmitting facts and artistic techniques in a documentary on television. The purpose of the scientific research is to determine the characteristic features of these techniques. The object of the study is documentaries about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, released on television in Kazakhstan and Russia. The functional difference in the techniques of constructing a documentary film will allow us to further study the transformation processes in the structure of television documentaries. In addition, marking the boundaries between the methods of transmitting facts and artistic techniques can become the basis for the analysis of a documentary film. With the help of content analysis, calculations were made of the quantitative ratio of two types of techniques for constructing a documentary film, which clearly showed the crisis of dramaturgy and artistic image on modern television. The analysis also showed that the authors of documentaries on television do not always skillfully use artistic techniques. Manipulation of facts and mixing of feature films with documentaries negatively affects the structure of the documentary as a journalistic work. 65No 4(141)/2022ВЕСТНИК Евразийского национального университета имени Л.Н. Гумилева. Серия ЖурналистикаBULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Journalism SeriesThis conclusion makes us think about the quality of documentary films on television and about the possibilities of minimizing the risk of its manipulative impact through further research of documentary film construction techniques

Images of Great Britain and the British in Russian society during the First World War

The aim of the article is to analyze the general ideas about Great Britain and the British as military allies of the bloc of Entente countries, which existed in Russian society during the First World War. Methods used in the research: the method of content analysis, historical-genetic and historical-comparative. Main results: the article examines the visions of the British, common among the Russian intelligentsia on the eve of the First World War, and the influence of previous historical experience on the formation of these visions. It is analyzed in what way Russians' ideas about Britain as an allied state were transformed during the course of hostilities. Attempts to carry out state actions to promote Britain in the Russian Empire are considered, in particular, the visit of Russian journalists to the British Isles in 1916.Journalistic notes and journalistic works resulting from this visit are examined. Concise conclusions: the experience of the First World War showed that the state propaganda of the Russian Empire paid much more attention to the formation of the image of the enemy. Conversely, efforts aimed at familiarizing Russian society with allies in the bloc of Entente countries were significantly less powerful. At the beginning of the First World War, most representatives of Russian society looked skeptically at Britain as an ally, taking to the attantion the country's lack of general mobilization and its desire to fight only at sea. The experience of the war showed that although general mobilization was not introduced in Great Britain, the number of the British Expeditionary Force in continental Europe increased tenfold due to volunteers who demonstrated high fighting qualities. Britain abandoned the strategy of war exclusively at sea, fulfilling the All-Allied obligations, the country learned to overcome the resource crisis that arose as a result of raids by German submarines on the routes connecting the British Isles with the colonies. It was these messages that Russian journalists and publicists tried to convey about Britain, in particular, the participants of the 1916 visit. However, the number of materials aimed at a mass reader, dedicated to allies in Russia was much less than articles dedicated to the enemy. Even at the end of the war, Russian society looked at the Western Front as an unknown war. Over time, this gave rise to the idea among Russian veterans during the years of the Civil War that Britain and France had failed to fulfill their duty as allies and were guilty of Russia. Practical meaning: the materials of the article can be used in the teaching of the basic course for students of the Faculty of History (Oles Honchar Dnipro National University) at the bachelor's level – “History of Western Europe and North America in modern times”. Originality: for the first time, attention is focused on the fact that the sphere of ideas about the Allies by the Entente bloc during the First World War directly influenced the events at the front and determined the narratives of the USSR and Russian emigration after the world carnage. Scientific novelty: for the first time, the change in perceptions of the British as allies of the Russian Empire (within the Entente countries) during the entire period of active hostilities during the First World War was analyzed. Type of article: descriptive and analytical.

Digital Transformation of Media Companies in Lebanon from Traditional to Multiplatform Production: An Assessment of Lebanese Journalists’ Adaptation to the New Digital Era

This research aims to assess Lebanese media organizations’ and journalists’ readiness and adaptation to the new digital era requirements. Journalism has always been affected by technology. Adopting new information and communications technology has obliged changes in journalistic practices and led to new business models and journalistic practices. For example, implementing Newsroom Computer Systems (NRCs) in media companies has led to radical changes in the departments of these organizations, and in particular in the newsrooms. The journalists in newsrooms are the human factor that is considered an essential element in this change. It touched on the depths of productivity and the mode of journalistic work. In the new era of media convergence, journalists are called upon to follow this trend (modern journalism) and become more versatile, where their work becomes streamlined and redesigned. The new and more flexible journalistic practices emerging in newspaper and television production, in combination with online journalism, have a profound effect on the role of journalists and their competencies requirements. Having multi competencies is explained by mastering the basic rules (writing, etc.) in the journalism profession and digital knowledge related to this profession (visualizing data, using the digital tools necessary for work, etc.).
 This study uses quantitative, descriptive, and deductive approaches supported by a structured survey questionnaire. The sample in this research constituted 96 respondent journalists selected conveniently. Data were analyzed descriptively and reported in charts for clarity. Results show that from an overall analysis, Lebanese media organizations and journalists are moderately prepared to deal with the digital era requirements. Most of the research variables scored between 40 to 50% in terms of preparedness and functionality during the digital transformation era. The research implications show that in Lebanon, as elsewhere in the media industry, the human factor’s digital culture plays an essential role in the advancement of the companies towards the digital environment. In the Lebanese organizations’ case, the economic and monetary crisis factors besides the human factor, have affected the technical implementation and the digital transformation of the media outlets. In this media landscape, the role of academic institutions (i.e., universities and research centers) must be proactive to define the new set of digital and journalistic skills required and needed to enhance the transformation towards the digital multitasking and cross-platform profiles needed to adopt the digital mindset effectively and efficiently.

Дискурс націєтворення у публіцистиці Ірини Калинець: перманентність традиції

The article makes an approach to understanding Iryna Kalynets’ journalism as an organic sphere of revealing her socio-political, intellectual and creative energy. The body of signifi cant texts (articles, speeches, interviews) of the dissident writer involved in the interpretation is analysed through the prism of nation-building issues and its projection in the present. The crystallization of the presented na-tional identity theory and author’s ideological position is considered in the nation-building strategies context of the prominent thinkers-predecessors of Ivan Franko and Ivan Ohienko. The quintessence of his work is manifested in the following ideological and thematic dominants: Ukraine’s sovereignty priority, national exist-ence completeness, nation-building and state-building functions of language and culture, intelligentsia role in people’s spiritual progress. The imperative warning against national assimilation by Russian chauvinism in its most diverse manifes-tations claims a special status in journalism of Iryna Kalynets. The author’s pro-posed program principles of the struggle for national-state self-determination of Ukrainian people, nationally specifi c program of improving the nation and spiritual renewal of socio-political life of Ukraine in gained independence realities draw attention. Ideological constructions and reasoned expositions of nation-building issues in her journalism function in the permanent tradition direction of political satire (expressive tendency, polemical sharpness, rich informative resource, vari-ety of stylistic language means, emphasized pathos, bright expressive imagery). The article notes the emotional and revelatory pathos, patriotic fervour, political foresight and relevance for today of Iryna Kalynets’s journalistic work, substanti-ates the need for its further professional analytical understanding

The Authentic D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak: Publication Principles and the Reception of the Writer’s Oeuvre

The editions of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak’s works published so far, including the most representative 12‑volume collections, do not give a complete idea of the creative heritage of the writer. The article focuses on the problems of publishing the Complete Works of Mamin-Sibiryak in 20 volumes conceived based on the Bank Kulturnoy Informatsii publishing house in Yekaterinburg and carried out by the efforts of the research team of the Department of Russian and Foreign Literature of Ural Federal University in collaboration with the Centre of Russian Literature of the Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author of the article considers three large sets of problems in the realisation of the project. Firstly, they concern the principles of arranging works in separate volumes. As is customary with complete collections of works, the chronological principle functions as the dominating one but with indispensable consideration of the genre-generic specifics and Mamin’s characteristic tendency to cyclising minor prose genres. The author examines issues related to the typology of documentary and journalistic works and their differences from purely fiction texts and topical issues behind the representation of the writer’s epistolary heritage in the planned edition. Secondly, the author singles out the complexities of the textological order in a separate group examining problems of attribution of unknown texts by Mamin-Sibiryak. He also considers the problems of working with the literary texts published in the writer’s lifetime under different names and in different versions and editions. Special attention is paid to the problem of the author’s punctuation, which is significant in terms of editorial practice. Thirdly, the article considers problems of commenting and reception of Mamin-Sibiryak’s oeuvre. The author provides a typology of comments to the planned scholarly and critical publication highlighting textual, historical, literary, and linguo-culturological comments. It is noted that the issues of reception of works of art – primarily in terms of their problems and poetics – should take their rightful place in summary articles for each volume. Finally, the article provides a list of a few promising projects, for example, the Reference Dictionary (a preliminary work for the future Mamin Encyclopaedia), the virtual scholarly laboratory Mamin-Sibiryak: Materials and Research which should be considered a necessary incentive and a logical consequence of work on the complete works of the writer.

Journalism Education as Scientific Education: Research University Students’ Engagement with Knowledge

ABSTRACT This study analyses the scientific character of journalism education at two Finnish research universities by investigating students’ engagement with knowledge. The journalism degrees of these universities involve scientific modules but clearly have a more practical profile than most research university degrees in Finland. This study draws on two influential concepts of university education: powerful knowledge emphasising a coherent theoretical knowledge structure, and expertise emphasising reflective integration of theoretical knowledge with other modes of knowledge. Fourteen students at the end of their bachelor’s and master’s studies were interviewed. The students’ social commitments, theoretical knowledge, integrative knowledge, and reflective knowledge were analysed using situational analysis. The results show that the journalism students’ engagement with disciplinary content knowledge was sporadic. The students’ interviews did not indicate a coherent knowledge structure. At the same time, the students demonstrated a robust capability to apply the scientific research process as an ethical method in journalistic work. Furthermore, the students demonstrated the ability to integrate diverse modes of knowledge. This study brings journalism education into ongoing international scholarly discussions on university education and offers conceptual tools that can be used to critically analyse and develop the scientific character of journalism degree programmes.

“JOKING IS NECESSARY IN ORDER TO DO SERIOUS BUSINESS”: LAUGHTER PRACTICES IN MAGNITOGORSK IN THE 1930s - EARLY 1940s

The history of humor is not new for Russian historiography. Modern historians often turn to the study of laughter practices, including in line with the study of the history of emotions. The authors offer an example of studying laughter practices in the local space of the city of Magnitogorsk during its construction. Based on various sources, the article examines laughter practices that are formed and operate on the territory of the city in conditions of unstable socio-economic development and lack of infrastructure. The main attention is paid to the culture of laughter and the formed emotions in relation to the construction, formation and functioning of Magnitogorsk and the construction of a metallurgical plant. The study identifies and characterizes the periods of development of laughter practices in the city, shows the evolution of humor. The first period is highlighted, which became the stage of the formation of laughter practices based on "guest" humor, represented by the work of professional metropolitan journalists of the Krokodil publishing house. Emphasis is placed on the features of the formation of Magnitogorsk laughter practices. Special attention is paid to the forms of humor, the theme of humorous sketches and the functions it performs. At the intersection of professional "guest" and everyday local humor, the causality and direction of laughter practices become obvious.

Алгоритм фактчекинга в работе региональных сетевых СМИ

The article raises the problem of fake news verification in mass media. Regional media are particularly notorious for poor fact-checking because their reporters often prefer promptness to quality. The analysis involved random news published on the local Kuzbass news platforms. The authors developed their own unified fact-checking algorithm that can facilitate the work of online media journalists. It works as a multicomponent verification method. The procedure includes checking proper names, information sources, quotations, details, and visual elements.

Daniele Del Giudice e «la varietà di tutto il resto»

According to a quite popular opinion, Daniele Del Giudice was not a very prolific writer. The modest number of his novels is taken into account both by his devotees and critics; however this may become an unfair distinctive element of a much more complex author. For about forty years, Del Giudice showed and produced ‘Culture’ throughout press, conferences, curatorships, with the same essential prose and immaculate style of his novels and short stories. He is the author of a consistent collateral anthology that needs to be placed side by side with his literature in order to establish organicity and continuity between the two. The article displays and comments his journalistic works for the Paese Sera and the Corriere.

Studies on migration in Europe: paths to think about languages, media, and journalism

From the point of view of researcher and journalist Tom Moring, Emeritus Professor at the Swedish School of Social Sciences at the University of Helsinki, this interview addresses how language and the social sharing of information impact in the integration process of refugees and migrants. Considering the researcher’s experience and his studies, the interview problematizes the media coverage and the work of journalists around these themes, highlights the connectivity of the variables migration, integration and information, and discusses how the results of European research in the area can be applied in diverse contexts, such as Latin America.

Gender Issues in the Kazakh Literature of the Early 20th Century

Women’s rights and fate have always been a significant issue. In the article, the author reviews the gender issues in human history and analyzes the literary theoretical and historical aspects of the problem of women in Kazakh society of the early 20th century with the help of Kazakh intellectuals’ works which were written to solve the problems of women, and literary works and journalistic articles of that time. The Kazakh people valued the role of women, therefore, paid a lot of attention on the upbringing, behavior of a girl and planned her general life. There were times when a Kazakh woman rode a horse, fought the enemy and ruled the country wisely. But over time, the issue of women in Kazakh society has become more complicated. At the beginning of the 20th century, Alash intellectuals, who understood the importance of gender issues in Kazakh society, wrote special articles and works of art to influence people’s consciousness. It was disseminated to the public through the media. The first novel in Kazakh literature was dedicated to the issue of women. Women’s civil rights and their place in society began to find a positive solution in the early 20th century with the intervention of Alash activists. In the research article we analyzed M. Dulatuly’s «Bakytsyz Zhamal» (Poor Zhamal), Zh. Aimauytov’s «Akbilek» novels, also M. Auezov, M. Zhumabayev, N. Kulzhanova’s journalistic articles. In this article, the author examines the origins of the struggle for women’s equality in the early 20th century, and the specific actions of Kazakh intellectuals to protect women’s civil rights. The study is based on historical data and literary and journalistic works. The results of the hard struggle is proven by the works written in that period.

Problems of Creative Self-Realization of Freelance Journalists of the Digital Age

Ubiquitous digitalization and the coronavirus pandemic have made freelancing a familiar part of our lives. Journalists are no exception. Moreover, the media sphere is one of the most popular for freelancing and remote work. However, freelancing is not only about changing the location of an employee. This is a completely different format of relations: from an economic, legal, psychological, creative, and other points of view. For many freelancers, this is a way of life and a different type of thinking. Taking into account the process of media convergence and the popularization of new media, the boundaries of the journalistic profession are blurring and include specialists who are far from traditional journalism. There is also a question of freedom of journalistic creativity: many freelance journalists choose this path for the sake of autonomy, although entrepreneurial risks and economic challenges often undermine the independence they have gained. We analyzed 200 texts from open sources on the topic of the start and development of professional activity of freelance journalists, adding the results of personally conducted surveys. As our research has shown, despite the economic instability that often forces freelance journalists to immerse themselves in related activities, the requirements of digital algorithms that set strict limits for authors, and other problems, the issue of creative self-realization still occupies an important place in the work of freelance journalists, and many of them are not ready to put up with uninteresting and meaningless tasks. Although some freelance journalists agree to write on any proposed topic for the sake of a fee, most consider it necessary to have a specialization in order to deeply understand the chosen field.