Work Habits Research Articles

Profesionalitas Guru SMA Oku Selatan di Era New Normal Ditinjau dari Pengaruh Work Habits dan Disiplin Kerja

Work habits and work discipline of a group of individuals are two factors that influence the professionalism of OKU Selatan High School teachers in carrying out teaching assignments. In line with its objectives, this research examines the effect of these two variables on teacher professionalism in the new normal era. Quantitative methods are used with data collected through questionnaires and observation. Data analysis techniques using parametric statistics through linear regression testing. The results of the study succeeded in proving that partially work habits have a significant influence on the professionalism of teacher work. Likewise, work discipline has a significant influence on the professionalism of teacher work; In simultaneous testing it was found that in the new normal era, work habits along with work discipline had a significant influence on the professionalism of SMA teachers in OKU Selatan in carrying out teaching assignments.

The Mediating Effect Of Ethical Climate On The Relationship Between Interpersonal Support And Socialization Among Public Secondary School Teachers

Socialization boosts employees’ motivation. It gives numerous opportunities to improve their work habits, sense of teamwork, and information sharing. This study determined the mediating effect of ethical climate on the relationship between interpersonal support and socialization among public secondary school teachers. This utilized quantitative non-experimental descriptive correlational research and mediation analysis with 300 samples from public school teachers. With stratified random sampling technique, it utilized statistical tools such as Mean, Pearson R, and Path Analysis. The authors used modified adopted survey questionnaires subjected to content validity and reliability testing. The study’s findings demonstrated that public school teachers’ ethical climate, interpersonal support, and socialization are high. Furthermore, there is a significant interrelationship between the three variables and there is a significant partial mediation of ethical climate between interpersonal support and socialization among public secondary school teachers. The result indicates that the ethical treatment of individuals towards others is essential to create an advanced degree of socialization. Accordingly, the more ethical and supportive the environment is the more possibilities for socialization. Keywords: Ethical Climate, Interpersonal Support, Socialization, Public Secondary School Teachers, Mediation Analysis

COVID-19 impact on travel and work habits of office workers in Bangladesh

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has brought unprecedented change to the world. Distancing measures make people find an alternative way to interact with others and fulfill their duty. It is acknowledged that the epidemic has dramatically impacted people's work schedules, which in turn has changed how they travel. Till now very few studies were conducted on this new phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how COVID-19 has affected the work schedules and travel habits of office workers in Bangladesh and show the comparative scenario before and during the pandemic. The study is based on primary data. Respondents are surveyed through Google Forms. With the response of 342 respondents, primary data were processed and analyzed. Descriptive analyses were conducted to carry out the output. Inferential analysis was applied somewhere to scrutinize the result. The study reveals that there are significant changes in work patterns and travel patterns of office workers in Bangladesh due to COVID-19. People have shifted from offline to online activities. Travel time and trip frequency per week have been reduced greatly. The usage of the bus has reduced rapidly. Instead, people have started to walk or use a rickshaw, and bicycles. In many cases, offices have provided vehicles. The degree of these changes varies among different socioeconomic groups of people. This study is a useful resource for new policy-making insights and could inspire subsequent research.

Towards hygienic industrial environments with saunas, spittoons, and clean air

SUMMARY Diseases, such as tuberculosis and Spanish flu, spread in industrial environments in the early decades of the 20th century, but increased knowledge of various pathogens, in particular the bacteriological breakthrough made in the late 19th century, helped in the fight against the infectious diseases. This paper examines the attempts made to establish more hygienic industrial environments in Northern Finland in the beginning of the 20th century. There were, for example, efforts made by employers to stop the workforce from spitting on floors and to improve their personal hygiene. These goals were also reflected in material culture as people became acclimatised to soaps and spittoons, for example. Eliminating pathogens from daily life was seen as the responsibility of all. Bringing together archaeological and archival data, this paper scrutinises the interplay between demands of companies and authorities and the habits of workers in achieving more hygienic industrial environments.

"Suffer the little children (to go to school)”: how the same evidence base drove diametrically opposite views of what was best to do for children and their health/education in the 2020-2023 COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden and the UK

The Covid-19 pandemic (2020-23) was a global outbreak of a novel coronavirus (nCoV), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) virus. The pandemic disease is usually described as COVID-19. 1 The first cases of nCoV were first detected in China in December 2019, with the virus spreading rapidly over months to most other countries across the world. This led WHO to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020, and to characterise the outbreak as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. 2 In May 2023, more than three years into the pandemic, the WHO Emergency Committee on COVID-19 recommended to the Director-General that given the disease was by now well- established and ongoing, it no longer fitted the definition of a PHEIC. This did not mean that the pandemic itself was declared over, but the global emergency it had caused was. Debate and speculation about the causation pathway for the entry of this nCoV pathogen into humans in 2019, though intense and contested, are not germane to the present discussion. What is germane is the huge death toll, and, just as important, the long-term impacts on society and health it has left in its wake. For a more detailed review see 3 . As a result of the pandemic infections, and also of the many different mitigation strategies employed to “protect” people from the ravages of infection, there were diverse consequences for all affected populations: from deaths, hospitalisations, chronic illness, the economy, employment, education, services, work habits, transport systems across to acute severe strain imposed on healthcare systems faced simultaneously with “business as usual” healthcare demands (often suppressed with later adverse consequences) and by a poorly understood and barely characterised viral infection ‘tsunami’ requiring both “surge” facilities and advanced ITU capabilities which were often unavailable, or inadequate to the tasks at hand. 4 Various mitigations were put in place in different parts of the world, and these typically involved restrictions (sometimes voluntary, sometimes legally enforced) being placed on freedom of movement, behaviour (mask wearing, hand washing), education, employment, social activities and travel 5-8 . Later, specific pharmaceutical interventions 9 and of course vaccination 10 were brought to bear.

Status of resource recycling stations in Taiwan and recycling work-related health effects.

Resource recycling has become an integral part of environmental protection efforts. At present, the development of Taiwan's resource recovery and related works are quite mature. However, laborers or volunteers working in resource recycling stations may be exposed to different types of hazards during the recycling process. These hazards can be divided into biological, chemical, and musculoskeletal problems. These hazards are usually related to the work environment and work habits; therefore, a related control strategy is needed. Tzu Chi's recycling business has been running for over 30 years. In addition to leading the trend of resource recycling in Taiwan, many elderly people have also participated in Tzu Chi recycling stations as volunteers. These older volunteers may be more sensitive to exposure to hazards, and thus the focus of this review is to illustrate the possible hazards and health impacts of resource recovery work and to recommend relevant interventions to improve occupational health during resource recovery work.

Razvijenost radnih navika i tehnika učenja kod učenika četvrtog razreda prilikom usvajanja istorijskih sadržaja - dinastija Nemanjić

Social changes in the 21st century require new competencies, and special emphasis is placed on learning to learn, regarding, the development of a learning strategy that will equip young people for life. The purpose of the study was to perceive working habits historical materials, specifically the teaching unit The significance of the Nemanjić dynasty for Serbia. The pedagogic value of the flipped classroom model was checked indirectly, through the observation of students' attitudes about the way of learning. The goal and tasks of the research required the application of the descriptive method, that is, the survey technique. We used a survey questionnaire, which we divided into three parts. In the first part, we analyzed the working habits of learning, in the second part, we examined the factors that affect students during learning - the teacher, the family, the grade. The third part of the questionnaire refers to the evaluation of the didactic apparatus in the mentioned teaching unit by the students. During March of the 2022/2023 school year, we conducted research in a Belgrade school on a sample of 84 students. The teacher directed half of the students to learning strategies, while the older brothers and sisters had no part in it at all. When using the textbook independently, the basic text with interesting facts helps the students the most, while the historical map, timeline and photo are in the background.

Free Agency, Hard Work, and the Justification of Economic Inequality in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Free Agency, Hard Work, and the Justification of Economic Inequality in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

School's Out: How Summer Youth Employment Programs Impact Academic Outcomes

Abstract Recently there has been an emphasis on how time spent outside of the classroom can affect student outcomes, including high school graduation, with the hope of closing academic achievement gaps along socioeconomic and racial lines. This paper provides experimental evidence regarding a particular type of out-of-school activity—early work experience—on high school academic outcomes for low-income inner-city youth. Using randomized admissions lotteries for students who applied to the Boston Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP), we estimate the effect of being selected to participate on academic outcomes as measured by administrative school records. We find that SYEP lottery winners are 4.4 percentage points more likely to graduate from high school on time and 2.5 percentage points less likely to drop out of high school during the four years after participating in the program relative to the control group. These improvements appear to be driven by better attendance and course performance in the year after being selected for the program, with the program's impact on attendance persisting into the second year. Survey data suggest that the Boston SYEP may affect academic outcomes by increasing aspirations to attend college, gaining basic work habits, and improving social skills during the summer.

Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Behavior in Pokhara

In this era of digitization, where everything is just a click away from us, marketing has evolved a lot. With the increased use of technology, smartphones, the producers of goods, can now reach consumers all over the globe. Thus, reaching out to consumers through the internet is digital marketing. Digital marketing, therefore, has an incredible influence on people’s interaction, work, purchases, and life habits. It is cost-effective too on the parts of the sellers and buyers. Thus, the present study examines the effectiveness and impact of digital marketing on the consumers’ behaviour in Pokhara city. The questionnaires were administered based on the purposive sampling method and obtained data from the respondents in Pokhara city. One hundred and seventy-two questionnaires were distributed, and 150 available samples were collected, except incomplete questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 87.2 percent for all who chose to participate. Findings indicate that e-mail has a profoundly negative influence on consumer behaviour. Mobile, as a digital marketing channel, harms consumer behaviour. Social media marketing, SEO, and SEM affect consumer behaviour. Social media marketing is the most influential variable in consumer behaviour. We notice that the most significant effect on the consumer decision is in the evaluation state. This can be due to the social media marketing and the SEO and SEM channel directed to the consumer who has already been searching for the product.

Peranan Perilaku Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dalam Mencegah Terjadinya Kelelahan Kerja Yang Kronis Pada Pekerja di Masa Pandemi Global Covid-19

The global Covid-19 pandemic has had an unfavorable impact on workers in Indonesia. Several employee surveys conducted in Indonesia and abroad show an increase in employee burnout. In general, the cause of this is increased work stress resulting from dynamic situations during the global COVID-19 pandemic, such as a reduction in employees, changing working hours, new working habits, and other things that can increase workers' stress. One of the things that organizations or companies can do to prevent the occurrence of chronic work fatigue in workers is to provide leaders from the lowest to the highest levels to have transformational leadership behavior. This study conducted a descriptive literature review on these two variables and showed that transformational leadership behavior has a key role in the behavioral characteristics possessed in reducing or inhibiting the occurrence of employee burnout.

Experimental Ergonomic Approach in Analysis of Student Mental Workload in Using Learning Management System

Student interactions with the devices and software used can result in excessive mental workload, which of course also has an impact on decreasing productivity and work functions and indirectly harms student health, as well as student interactions in using the Learning Management System (LMS). Which is expected to continue to be utilized and developed to achieve greater convenience and profit, LMS is expected to continue to be developed and utilized optimally. This study is intended to analyze the mental workload felt by students in the learning process through LMS. An experimental ergonomics approach is used in this study by applying the modified NASA-TLX method. The results of the research experiment show that students feel a high mental workload when using the assignment module, quiz module, and forum module on the LMS, these modules produce a high mental workload due to cognitive difficulty, instruction complexity, and work habits.

H. S. R. Kao, D. Sinha, N. Sek-Hong (eds). Effective Organisations and Social Values. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1994. 352 pages. Hardbound: Indian Rs 325.00.

This book contains interesting studies on an important topic, i.e., effective management, which is a prerequisite to increase the productivity of enterprises. It is divided into three parts: ‘Chinese Culture and Chinese Management’, ‘Work Values and Work Organisations’, and ‘Leadership, Management Style, and Organisational Change’. All essays, except three, have been selected from the ‘International Symposium on Social Values and Effective Organisations’, held at the National University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, on November 26–30, 1988. The book examines the impact of cultural and social values on organisational structure and work habits.

Hubungan Usia dan Status Gizi dengan Enzim Cholinesterase pada Pekerja Industri Pembuatan Bahan Baku Cat di Surabaya

The additive is one component of paint that inhibits the growth of bio-organisms in the finished paint product with pesticide-like properties. Workers in the manufacture of paints are one of the populations that are at risk of being exposed to heavy metals and pesticides, which enter the workers through inhalation for a long time continuously. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between the age of workers and the nutritional status of the Cholinesterase enzyme in workers in one of the paint raw material industries in Surabaya. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 89 workers. The variables in this study were age, nutritional status values as measured by BMI values, and cholinesterase enzyme activity. The correlation test results using a nonparametric test, namely the Spearman correlation test. The correlation results show no significance between age and CHE levels (p-value=0.376) and that there is a relationship between BMI and CHE levels (p-value=0.003). It is recommended for future researchers to add research variables including the influence of the length of work, work habits including smoking habits and exercise as well as the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while working.

Pattern of Self-Reported Behavioural Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases among Doctors Working in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Behavioural risk factors reduction is a key to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) control. The doctors are educated and aware of society, yet their lifestyle and work habits have led them to suffer from NCDs. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of the behavioral risk factors of major NCDs among doctors working at Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH).
 Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 145 doctors working at CMCH from April 2020 to September 2020. A structured self-administered questionnaire based on the WHO STEPS instrument for NCDs risks factors surveys was used to collect data.
 Results: Out of 145 respondents, 104 doctors (71.7%) were males, and 41 doctors (28.3%) were females. Most doctors (50.3%) were aged 23 to 35 years and 29.7% were 35-44 years. The proportion of doctors currently smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol, being sedentary in daily life, and taking low vegetables and fruits was 8.3%, 8.3%, 18.6%, and 72.4%, respectively. No female doctor reported smoking or drinking. Ninety-one (62.8%) of doctors had one risk habit and 17.2% with two risk habits.
 Conclusion: It is desirable that doctors voluntarily strive to have a favourable lifestyle and that medical institutions actively enlighten doctors’ working at their institutions about this issue.
 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (2); July 2022; Page 14-17

An assessment of prevalence of poor sleep quality among construction workers in Southern India

PurposeSleep quality has been associated with health and safety issues influencing construction labour productivity in developing countries. Despite its significantly adverse contribution to these facets if left unattended to, limited studies have sought to establish its prevalence and causal factors in labour-intensive contexts. This study aims to bridge the gap between the prevalence and casual factors of poor sleep quality among construction workers.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a case study research design, data were collected from a randomly selected sample of construction workers (n = 475) recruited from four construction-based corporations in Southern India. Self-administered questionnaires comprising a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale was used to measure sleep quality among respondents alongside demographic characteristics, lifestyle preferences and work-habits data. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression analysis and descriptive statistical techniques.FindingsSlightly more than a third of the construction workers (n = 33.9%) surveyed experienced poor sleep quality based on a PSQI method score of = 5. Also, the nexus between demographic characteristics, lifestyle preferences and work habits on the incidence of poor sleep quality among construction workers was confirmed.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to the contemporary discourse on improving sleep health of construction workers to enhance their well-being thereby enabling their contribution towards achieving improved construction labour productivity.Originality/valueThis study makes an original contribution to the extent that it seeks to not only determine the prevalence of sleep quality within the construction industry and associated causal factors but to explore its implications on construction labour productivity.

The Investigation of Major Predictors of Well-Being in a Sample of Romanian University Students in the Post-Covid-19 Period

"The Coronavirus-induced pandemic has had a significant impact on the physical and psychological functioning of the entire world’s population. Research has indicated that besides the physical threat to health itself, the implications of constant uncertainty, separation from and/or loss of loved ones, loss of freedom to travel, shortage of food and financial resources, disruptions of usual life-routines, changing work and learning habits, further aggravate the effect of initial stressors, leading to increased levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, PTSD, insomnia, lowered levels of well-being, and confusion. Unfortunately, just as the two-years long pandemic ended, the Ukrainian war started, and the Romanian population, since our country borders Ukraine, has experienced a novel type of stress, that of the possibility of being attacked, affected economically. Almost simultaneously, the online education has returned to classical form of teaching, amidst semester, being another stress factor for students. Our results indicated that the two-year long pandemic was considered as having the greatest impact by almost two-thirds of the students. Furthermore, the lack of self-efficacy component of perceived stress was a constant and strong predictor of all components of well-being (subjective and psychological), and perceived helplessness for subjective well-being. Regarding emotion regulation strategies refocus on planning, positive reevaluation, self- and other blame, withdrawal and actively approaching the source of stress proved to be the most important predictors. The results of our investigation may be beneficial for the tailoring of future prevention and intervention programs that would target the enhancement of psychological adaptation of students. Keywords: stress, depressive symptoms, uncertainty, emotion regulation strategies, subjective and psychological well-being, post COVID-19. "

Pliny’s Roman Economy: Natural History, Innovation, and Growth by Richard P. Saller

This book does not start out well. Saller writes, “Most recent efforts do not hold up to close scrutiny and so do not demonstrate sustained growth up to the Antonine Plague” (9). Saller cites Harper in this regard, but he fails to note Harper’s 2016 article that showed real wages increasing in Roman Egypt during those years.1Although wages are not strictly a proxy for the national product, rising wages are a good index of national income in an agricultural economy in which a plague did not reduce the quantity of labor. The rest of Chapter 1, which summarizes other publications about growth, seems pointless given its omission of an important source of ancient Roman economic data.Saller arrives at his main topic in Chapter 2, describing Pliny’s life and work habits, as well as a detailed description of Pliny’s Natural History and its probable readers. The chapters that follow discuss various topics in Pliny’s book. Pliny had a Stoic view of nature; he decried the damaging exploitation of the natural world. He condemned iron mining on the grounds that it could contribute to killing people. He also presented a list of power and agricultural innovations, about which Saller gives his opinions.When Saller turns to Pliny’s economics, he prefaces his analysis with the caveat, “The point is not to blame him for a lack of rationality but to show his thought was framed by different values and a bounded rationality.” Pliny’s discussion focuses on agriculture and trade. He cites my book about The Roman Market Economy, but he fails to discuss the rate of interest.2 Pliny the Younger—the ward and nephew of the Pliny the Elder, the subject of this book—explained to Emperor Trajan, well after his uncle’s time, that “no one wanted to borrow at 9 percent” (174). The Greeks, however, had already advanced sophisticated ideas about interest rates and risk before Pliny the Elder lived. Saller could have included them in his discussion of Roman economics since the use of interest was common in Rome as well.Saller closes his book with a dubious recommendation of Pliny’s Natural History as a good source of information for ancient historians. Yet, only potential readers with a particular interest in Pliny the Elder or in contemporary Roman agriculture and trade will find Pliny’s book to have much relevance for them.

Companions and Villains

This article examines boy characters in early twentieth-century girls’ scouting fiction. These series, marketed using the names of the recently established girls’ organizations, supported female empowerment. They also included important boy characters: brothers, companions, villains, and bullies. The first three types are exemplars of what boys’ workers envisioned as middle-class manhood: youthful wildness and spunk channeled into habits of hard work, self-reliance, and intelligence. These boys would also recognize girls as near-equal partners at a time when marriage norms were becoming more companionate. Rural bullies and ethnic villains, by contrast, provide warnings about boys who do not develop manly self-control. Girls’ series helped shape how modern girls thought about their male peers, including what girls would and would not accept in their relationships with boys.

On Blue and Green Pigments from the St. George Cathedral of Veliky Novgorod

This paper presents the first analytical data obtained from the examination of fragments of stunning Russian–Byzantine frescoes recovered from an archaeological excavation at Veliky Novgorod, one of the oldest cities in Russia and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The archaeologists of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been working on architectural excavations at Novgorod for more than 20 years. In the last seven years, they have unearthed fragments of frescoes in the layers of the twelfth century AD during excavation under the floor of the Cathedral of St. George in the Yuriev Princely Monastery (built in 1119).As a first step of this complex research, we decided to concentrate on blue and green pigments. A selection of 30 samples and around 30 parts of wall paintings still in situ, subdivided by technique and color nuance, were first autoptically examined and, where possible, studied by optical microscopy. In this way typical details, such as the use of additives to the mortars, different ways of treating and mixing the colors, and pigment layers, were recognized. For the first screening, the analytical data were collected using a portable X-ray fluorescence device. They indicated the use of a variety of pigments and mixtures to obtain different nuances of color. The samples were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. All phases of the study were recorded and documented by photos and micrographs of the most significant details. The data are discussed in the text and help explain the working habits of the painters of the time.