Word Formation Processes Research Articles

Error Analysis of EFL Students in Word-Formation Process

Error Analysis of EFL Students in Word-Formation Process

THE DERIVATIVE WORDS FROM THE NOUNS WITH PREFIX НЕДО- (NEDO-) AS AN ACTIVE MODERN TREND DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE IN DERIVATION

The article is devoted to the study of active processes of word formation in the modern Ukrainian language. Its purpose is to study the activation of the production of noun derivatives formed by the prefix nedo-, as one of the regularities of the development of the modern process of word formation in the Ukrainian language. The object of research is the modern process of word formation in the Ukrainian language. The subject of the analysis is the increase in productivity of the substantive noun word-formation type with the prefix nedo- as a sign of the derivational process. The material of observation is substantive nouns formed by the prefix nedo-, which are characterized by negative semantics to indicate the inferiority of someone or something. As a result of the conducted research, the specifics of the derivation of substantive nouns formed by the prefix nedo- have been clarified. Conclusions. The reasons for the increase in the productivity of the word-formation type, on the basis of which the analyzed occasionalisms are created, are determined. Among them there are the political and socio-economic changes of the period of independent Ukraine, the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which require the nomination and assessment of new concepts; democratization of society; activation of specific word formation processes; high system performance of the studied word-formation type.

Word Formation Processes of COVID-19 Related Terms in Jakarta Post, BBC, and CNN Portals

The global pandemic known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has an impact on the use of language. The language used in COVID-19 news is frequently unfamiliar to the general public or even made up just for the pandemic. The goal of this study is to examine the word formation of COVID-19-related terms used in The Jakarta Post, BBC, and CNN portals. There are two research questions in this study, they are: (1) What are the types of word formation processes found in terms related to COVID-19? (2) How are the words related to COVID-19 formed? Moreover, this research uses Lieber’s theory (2016). This study uses a qualitative methodology. The findings of this study show that there are seven types of word formation: affixation, compounding, coinage, backformation, blending, clipping, and acronyms and initialisms. The conversion type is the process of word formation that has not been discovered. Words related to COVID-19 are formed by adding or removing an affix, combining or blending two words, expressing a specific object, and abbreviating a word. It can be concluded that many terms related to COVID-19 are the result of a word formation process that aims to form new words that will certainly give different meanings and different word classes from the original word. In the future, this research can be useful for readers who are looking for definitions of terms related to COVID-19, as well as for those who are interested in morphology or the field of word formation processes.

Semantic Characteristics of the Emerging Popular Construction "Cloud X" in Modern Chinese Language

Accompanied by the development of the Internet and big data, "cloud X" has become a popular construction that is more frequently used in the Internet in recent years. Studying and analyzing the generation mechanism and evolution process of "Cloud X" is of great reference significance for understanding the development of popular words in the new period and the word formation process of popular words. Therefore, this paper analyzes the popular word "cloud X" from the semantic perspective, taking the semantic evolution of "Yun (cloud)" as the entry point. In the process of exploring "Yun (cloud)", this paper will focus on the transformation of the semantic features of "Yun (cloud)", observing the original meaning of "Yun (cloud)",Yun (cloud)" in "cloud computing", and the semantic features of "Yun (cloud)" after "cloud X" has become a construction. By examining the similarities and differences of the semantic features, we can explore the process of "Yun (cloud)" gradually changing from a real word to a class of affixes and the reasons for the change.

A Contrastive Analysis of Word Formation Processes in Interrogating Widespread Democratic Decay and Breakdown in some West African Countries

In contemporary times democracy is threatened across West African states like never before. Democracy is under increasing assault from the elected leaders and their cronies. A noticeable, subtle, stifling strangulation of democratic structures and substance leads to the erosion of democracy in more than a few West African countries and a total breakdown of democracy through coups in others. Despite the attempts by the ECOWAS and AU to discourage democratic breakdown in Africa, military intervention continues to truncate democracies in many African countries. This paper interrogated the root-causes of the prevalence of democratic breakdown in West African countries and the factors sustaining military interventions in the region. Building upon earlier scholarly work on democratic breakdown and deploying the doctrinal research methodology, the researcher analysed the resurgence of and effects of military intervention and truncation of democratic practices in West Africa. The findings of this research showed that military intervention is edging West African countries to the precipice and there have been more than a few complete democratic breakdowns in West African countries in recent times. In conclusion, the researcher offers suggestions on how democratic breakdown can be arrested in the West African region and/or reduce its occurrence by advocacy, enthronement of good governance, citizenship participation, application of the rule of law, and upholding of constitutional provisions.

Conversion within secondary word classes

English is a very productive language. Due to its versatile nature, it can undergo many different word formation processes to create new lexicon. Some of them are much lexicalized -such as derivation or compounding. However, new trends are pointing up in the productive field. As they are recent phenomena, they have not been much studied yet. Even scholars differ in their opinions about the way they should be treated. There is only one point they all agree with: these new methods are becoming more frequently used.

Anglicyzmy w konfrontatywnym nauczaniu języka rosyjskiego

Russian language acquisition by Polish students is understood as effective and appropriate interaction in various conversational situations. This requires specific habits in the use of the contemporary Russian linguistic system. The use of a language can be examined in a natural communicative situation, which needs informal, spoken language. The usage of English loanwords in spoken Polish and Russian is frequent, which is why the characteristics of spoken language in contemporary spoken Russian and Polish needs to be examined. Research conducted on a group of Polish, Russian, Belorussian and Ukrainian Youtubers shows that their speech contains some specific derivatives which are characteristic of colloquial Russian and Polish. It also contains groups of English loanwords: assimilated nouns, verb and adjective derivatives with productive suffixes. The study shows that English loanword adaptation differs in Polish and Russian, which reveals system differences between two related languages. Comparison of the most productive word formation processes in Russian and Polish can help to overcome language interference and improve the teaching of Russian to Polish students in general.

A corpus-based study of word-formation creativity in Facebook Philippine English

<span lang="EN-US">This paper is a study of English as a second language (ESL) teachers’ and students’ newly coined Facebook (FB) lexical items and expressions. It presents sample FB Philippine English (PhilE) words found in ESL teachers’ and students’ FB posts and messages and the formation mechanisms evident in the lexical items. The lexical items are culled from the researchers-built 50,000-word corpus of FB and FB Messenger conversations posted and sent by the mentioned texts’ contributors from the last quarter of 2016 to 2022. The PhilE neologisms are identified from their surrounding English lexical items and analyzed based on a proposed framework for PhilE word-formation processes, and ESL Englishes well-motivated innovations and criteria in standardizing its usages. Data analysis reveals over a hundred PhilE lexical items that are coined through the analytical frameworks used with the present paper’s additional proposed processes for FB lexical formation, hypocoristic extension, and anagrammatic transposition or backward spelling. The lexical items, in general, are colloquial, marking the informality of the FB PhilE register, although written in English. In terms of lexicon, it is advanced that FB English in the country is a variety of Internet PhilE, which should be taught in Sociolinguistics and ESL classrooms.</span>

Cognitive-Communicative Approach to the Word-Formation Nests and Subnests

The article is about correlation of the semantics of a polysemantic base word and the semantics of its derivatives within а word-formation nest. Special emphasis is paid to the processes of Russian word-formation, according to which derivatives are distributed in the word-formation nest. A word-formation nest is considered to be a cognitive-communicative unit of language consciousness with sub-nests which interprets separate fragments of reality.

Morphology and semantics of derivational metaphors in Spanish media discourse

The cognitive and pragmatic potential of derivational metaphorical nominations, actively used in the Spanish media discourse, represent a relevant direction of Discursive and Cognitive re-search that requires scientific comprehension.The article is devoted to the study of the linguo-cognitive specificity of derivational metaphors that verbalize new meanings, name new realities and frequently function as nomination-neologisms or occasionalisms. Derivational metaphors perform a pragmatic function, broadcasting an intentionally conditioned vision of the world in modern Spanish media discourse, and implement the intentional and evaluative discourse pragmatics. The objective of the study is to consider the morphosemantics of derivational metaphors and analyse the most frequent word-forming productive models of metaphorical nominations in Spanish media discourse.An integral methodological approach is used to the study of word-formation discursive metaphors, which combines contextual, semantic, interpretive and stylistic analysis methodologically opening up the possibility of a systemic study of the linguo-pragmatics of derivative metaphorical nominations that function in the Spanish media discourse. The most productive morphosemantic models of word formation for creating metaphorical concepts in the Spanish media space are affixation (prefixation and suffixation as well as their combination) and word compounding.The cognitive approach to the study of derivational metaphors through the prism of onomasiological theory allows one to interpret the process of word formation as a way of translating cognitive attitudes and meanings. The metaphorical meaning is generated by a derivational act. The morphological structure of a word change is not identical to the sum of the meanings of the derivational components involved in the creation of a new metaphor. In the discursive space the associative potential relative to the basic meaning of affixes or root morphemes in compound words brings a number of interpretations that vary the metaphorical rethinking of their semantics and integrate axiological evaluation.The discursive role of word-formation metaphors, which have an evaluative potential, lies in the implementation of the pragmatic function of updating meanings, aimed at influencing the consciousness and behaviour of the target audience.

ENGLISH WORD FORMATION ON THE INTERNET

This paper examines the processes of word-formation in English on the Internet. More specifically, the present paper provides an overview of newly formed words in the context of Internet communication, their categorisation, coupled with analysis and discussion with a view to determining which (if any) word formation processes have been employed in the process of their creation. The paper attempts to capture the current trends of the English language used in popular areas of Internet interactions. The theoretical preliminaries have been divided into two distinct parts - the first half which presents general notions related to internet communication while in the second one the theory behind word-formation processes is presented in order to enable its application to the corpus originating from Internet data used in this study. As for the corpus and methodology in the study, the selected terms and expressions were extracted from various online sources (forum posts, chat logs or game screenshots) and analysed in order to determine which word-formation process they belong to. Hence the sections on abbreviations and acronyms, clips, conversions, compounds and blends, as the most productive word formation processes observed in the study. The study also looks at the popular notions of blog and tweet, as well as a particular focus on leetspeak which deals with words falling into this category but are formed via many different processes. The final section of the paper provides a summary of the findings and a conclusion to the inquiry into the nature of word-formation on the internet.

English Inflectional Morpheme: Drill to Word Formation

It was found out that the students have difficulties in differentiating English inflectional morpheme, that is suffix /-es/ and /-s/, to indicate tense for verbs, and plurality for nouns. Other inflectional suffix to mention is /-ing/, /-ed/, /-d/, /-er/, and /-est/. The objective of this study is to improve students comprehension on inflectional affixation as one of word formation processes by implementing drill technique that is extended drill, or substitution drill. The drill was supported with practicing inductive and deductive approach. The drill and the approach were administered during two cycles of classroom action research. The participant of the research was 86 students taking the subject of Introduction to English Linguistics. This study found out that the students comprehension on inflectional affixation of word formation improved gradually from cycle 1 to cycle 2 because of the implementation of the substitution drill that alternately practicing inductive and deductive approach.

Kokborok: A Study of Kokborok Grammar

The study aims at focusing the process of word formation and its structural feature of Kokborok language. The method of analysis is structural. Analysis is having been done from a structural point of view

Cognatic portrait of the indigenous languages of Tabuk City, Kalinga, Philippines

Tabuk City in Kalinga, Philippines is a melting pot of diverse ethnolinguistic groups. Kalinga alone is known for its unique 46 ethnic groups, which include nine (9) in the locale of Tabuk City - Biga, Culminga, Dallak, Ga’dang, Guilayon, Malbong, Minanga, Nanong, and Tobog. Observations tell that these indigenous languages profess similarities that members of these groups do understand each other though they make use of their own indigenous language. 
 Hence, the study aimed to portray the linguistic cognates among the indigenous languages in Tabuk City, Kalinga. Specifically, the study found that there are cognates among the indigenous languages in Tabuk City as to lexical, morphological, and syntactic features. As to lexical features, there are cognates in the categories of counting numbers, pronouns, body parts, living things, and non-living things. On morphological features, there are cognates as to word formation processes, while as to syntactic features, cognates are found in the resemblances in sentence structures among the identified indigenous languages. Significantly, the study provides reference material for Mother-tongue teachers in teaching indigenous languages.
 Finally, the study illustrates in a cognate map that Malbong, Nanong, Minanga, and Tobog indigenous languages denote higher resemblances as compared to the cognates among Biga, Culminga, Dallak, Guilayon, and Ga’dang.

The Analysis of Word Formation Processes in CNN News Political Articles

Morphological analysis typically consists of the identification of parts of words or more technically, constituents of words. The purpose of this research is to classify and analyze the process of word formation, especially derivational morphemes in political articles posted on the CNN News online news platform. The researcher used a qualitative research method. Data collecting technique used was observation. The results of the analysis were explained in detail. Results of the analysis was 11 suffixes found that classified as adjective derivation, 15 suffixes were identified as noun derivation, 5 suffixes was classified as verb derivation, and affixes that have function to change the meaning of word was 16 prefixes and 5 suffixes. The highest number of affixes found was affixes that have function to change the meaning of word. It meant that it prefer to use simple and effective words to make the readers easy to understand and more interested in reading another news in CNN News especially political articles.

The Analysis of Word Formation Process in Song Album “Traumazine” by Megan Thee Stallion

Songs can be used to express ideas or emotions, or even as a way for people to communicate with one another. One area of linguistics, morphology, deals with how language structure might be used to analyze meanings or feelings in song lyrics. In this study, the word formation process for the song Megan Thee Stallion from the album “Traumazine” will be analyze. Descriptive research is the qualitative method employed in this study. The word formation hypothesis of George Yule (2019) is used by the researcher. The 18 songs on Megan Thee Stallion’s album “Traumazine” provided the source of the data used in this research. The “traumazine” album by Megan Thee Stallion contains 8 of the 14 different kinds of word formation process that were examined in this study. This study discovered 34 data on word formation process. There are three data from borrowing, seven from ccompounding, three from blending, ten from clipping, one each from hypocorisms and backformation, eight from acronyms, and one from multiple processes. Based on the findings, Megan Thee Stallion’s song albu ‘Traumazine” most dominantly uses the clipping process to create words

Generativity Approach and Limitations in Word Formation Processes within Quranic Vocabulary and Terminology [In Persian

Generativity Approach and Limitations in Word Formation Processes within Quranic Vocabulary and Terminology [In Persian

Linguistic aspects of English slogans in Indonesian products

Slogans use a variety of language features to entice potential purchasers. For Indonesian products to compete worldwide successfully, companies must engage in more efficient marketing strategies, such as using English slogans. This study examines the linguistic aspects of English slogans produced by Indonesian brands. The question addressed in this research is related to linguistic aspects that occur in slogans. We collected a slogan corpus data consisting of 225 slogans. The slogans were taken from the Indonesian company’s product websites and marketplaces. The data were classified manually based on the linguistic aspects covering phonological style (Wales, 2011), word formation process, figurative language (Knowles Moon, 2006), and speech acts (Searle, 2005). We present the data in both qualitative description and quantitative analysis using simple statistical measures. The results show that alliteration, hyperbole, and assertive statements are noticeable patterns that Indonesian companies use to promote their products. The reason why sound repetition occurs in slogans is to make the slogan more memorable. A simple morphological process is employed to generate slogans, which also helps readers remember them. Furthermore, the use of hyperbole makes the audience feel connected to the product. Finally, assertiveness as a primary pragmatic strategy promotes product quality and buyer benefits. From a linguistics perspective, our findings shed light on the criteria for slogans to be memorable.

OPTIMIZING THE USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN THE WORD FORMATION PROCESS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING IN THE ENGLISH MORPHOLOGY SUBJECT

The purposes of this research are to (1) determine students' abilities in using word formation by using authentic materials provided. The instrument used to determine the student's abilities is MAT (Morphological Awareness Test); and (2) to determine the type and process of word formation contained in the authentic materials. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results of this research, based on the MAT used, showed that the students’ understanding towards word formation process increased with the mean score was 83,26. Meanwhile, the types of word formation found in the authentic materials were compounding, derivation, inflection, conversion, abbreviation, back formation, and initialism.

Some Notes on Indonesian Word Formation: A Study Based on the Derivational Morphology Approach

This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the complex process of word formation in the Indonesian language using the principles of derivational morphology. The study examined the intricate mechanisms of creating new words and highlighted the various processes and patterns that contributed to forming new lexemes. By extensively categorizing and analyzing the different types of derivational affixes and their roles in generating words, this investigation aimed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the Indonesian language and its linguistic evolution. The findings showed (1) the intricate details regarding the changes in the use of affixes such as in prefix {di-} and colloquial suffix {al-}, the semantic transformation of words such as the words that were marked by prefix {per-}, and how societal attitudes and perceptions had influenced language evolution such as in colloquial suffix {-ken} despite the standard suffix {-kan}; and (2) the functions and communicative effectiveness of derived lexemes in the Indonesian language had revealed that they played a crucial role in communication by contributing to discourse cohesion such as in the form of {seru} and {menarik}. The results of this study were expected to shed new light on the underlying mechanisms of word formation in the Indonesian language and provide a valuable reference for linguists and language researchers to explore the nuances of this language further.