Word Coinage Research Articles

A Study of Communication Strategies used by English Teachers and its Implication in Teaching English as a Foreign Language

The objective of this research was to analyze the English teachers’ communication strategies and their perception during the teaching learning process. The writer analyzed the data gained through the questionnaire by describing the English teachers’ perception about the communication strategies usually used during the teaching learning process. She also analyzed the teachers’ communication strategies into the fourteen strategies based on to some experts, there are several types of communication strategies that can be used to solve problems in communication (Dornyei 1995, Littlewood 1984, Tarone 1980). (Tarone (1980) presents five types of communication strategies, including: paraphrase, transfer, appeal for assistance, mime, avoidance. Littlewood (1984) describes eight types of communication strategies: they are avoidable communication, adjust the message, use paraphrase, use approximation, create new words, switch to the native language, use non-linguistic resources, seek for help. Meanwhile, Dornyei (1995) stated that the three main types of communication strategies, namely: topic avoidance strategies (topic avoidance and message abandonment), compensatory strategies (approximation, word coinage, circumlocution, literal translation, code-switching, appeal for help, used all-purpose words, non-linguistic signal, foreignizing), and stalling or time gaining strategies (use of fillers/hesitation devices). The design of this research is qualitative research. The writer described the data in order to have a clear and complete description of the research result. The researcher used the result of the English teachers’ questionnaire as the data. The sample of this research was the English teacher who lives and teach in Bandar Lampung in the academic year 2022/2023.

Compensatory strategies in child first language attrition within an Atlantic Creole

This study investigates compensatory strategies in lexical attrition that are applicable to Creole contact. There is evidence of lexical borrowing from a second language (L2), which is paired with discourse strategies such as exemplification and paraphrasing. Word coinage, metonymy, conversion and semantic contiguity are also all strategies implemented in an aim to compensate for lexical retrieval difficulties brought on by language attrition. It is found that an L2 User whose first language (L1) has become susceptible to language change may not solely employ a single strategy in an act of discourse, but may rather incorporate varying strategies, some of which serve the purpose of complementing other types of strategies in enabling successful communication. In the implementation of these strategies, though there may be influence from an L2, this L2 may not be dominant in the L2 users’ repertoire and L2 features borrowed into the L1 may be imperfectly acquired.

English communication strategies among Thai logistics professionals

Proficiency in English as a foreign language (EFL) holds significant importance in various professional domains, including the field of logistics. However, not all individuals proficient in EFL possess effective English communication skills. Hence, the objective of this research is to investigate the English communication strategies employed by Thai professionals working in the logistics industry. To receive participants' perspectives, a comprehensive approach involving questionnaires and focus-group interviews was employed. The survey results revealed that the most frequently utilized strategies encompassed rechecking, revising, identifying key concepts, and employing dictionaries, while the least commonly used strategies were self-development, guessing, word coinage, and the use of all-purpose words, respectively. Furthermore, the in-depth insights derived from the interviews revealed that participants employed English communication for diverse purposes, including email correspondence, meetings, ordering processes, and purchasing, thereby necessitating the utilization of distinct strategies for each of the four language skills. Remarkably, website translation tools emerged as vital resources for Thai logistics professionals, forming an integral component of their digital strategy. Ultimately, the findings of this study bear relevance to both pedagogical practices and business English training programs, with specific implications for the logistics industry.

Lexical choice and word formation in a taboo game paradigm

We investigate the onomasiological question of which words speakers actually use and produce when trying to convey an intended meaning. This is not limited to selecting the best-fitting available existing word, but also includes word formation, the coinage of novel words. In the first two experiments, we introduce the taboo game paradigm in which participants were instructed to produce a single-word substitution for different words so that others can later identify them. Using distributional semantic models with the capability to produce quantitative representations for existing and novel word responses, we find that (a) responses tend to be semantically close to the targets and (b) existing words were represented closer than novel words, but (c) even novel compounds were often closer than the targets’ free associates. In a final third experiment, we find that other participants are more likely to guess the correct original word (a) for responses closer to the original targets, and (b) for novel compound responses as compared to existing word responses. This shows that the production of both existing and novel words can be accurately captured in a unified computational framework of the semantic mechanisms driving word choice.

“There was much new to grok”: an analysis of word coinage in science fiction literature

Abstract As can be witnessed in projects such as The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction (Prucher, Jeff. 2007. Brave new words: The Oxford dictionary of science fiction. Oxford: Oxford University Press), science fiction has been fertile ground for the creation of new words and concepts. Whereas the aforementioned dictionary was constructed by eliciting examples and citations from volunteers, this paper presents an initial foray into data-driven methods for uncovering lexis unique to science fiction. Words unique to science fiction texts are extracted by comparing a science fiction corpus against the British National Corpus (BNC Consortium. 2007. The British National Corpus, XML edition. Oxford Text Archive. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12024/2554 (accessed 29 June 2022)) to produce a list of 306 neologisms from 74 texts. In addition, this study seeks to examine the ways in which authors impart the meaning of such words to the reader, drawing on frameworks of semantic word relations and work in cognitive linguistics. This reveals the use of definitions and glosses by the authors, both in narration and direct speech, co-occurrence with synonyms, and the drip-feeding of attributes pertaining to the concept being referenced. In addition, characters can be shown to struggle with the concepts to which neologisms refer, allowing authors to explore themes of alienation and other-worldliness.

О новом словаре-справочнике цитат для школьников (Рецензия на издание: Дунев А.И. Цикады цитат. Цитатный минимум школьника. Словарь-справочник. – Санкт-Петербург: Изд-во РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена, 2022. – 160 с.)

The article represents a review of a glossary that contains quotes from school literary fiction books. The relevance of the publication is defined by disturbing trends of modern reality: teenagers' narrow reading interests, decrease in the general index of precedence, cognitive distortion while interpreting axiologically marked content of precedent units. The essential set of glossary units contains 350 quotes chosen according to the program content of literature education at school. The choice of quotes to be included in the glossary is due not so much to a methodological tradition as to the actual existence and frequency of the quote. A glossary entry includes several zones that give information about the length of a quote, its source and possible usage. Appendixes with quotes distributed accordingly to levels of education, as well as teaching tips to create various tasks based on quotes, add practical value to the glossary. The author of the glossary rightfully argues that the utterances that have become independent pieces of culture help to understand cultural meanings on the one hand, and on the other hand, start the mechanism of word coinage that affects the linguistic personality development.

Pseudo-Anglicism in Albanian Language

Anglicisms in the Albanian language is a domain not much and sufficiently frequented by Albanian linguists; false anglicisms or Pseudo-anglicisms are much less. Therefore, the focus of this paper is primarily the identification of Anglicisms and Pseudo-anglicisms in the Albanian language, how we distinguish and provide the ground for drawing the line between these two different but interconnected categories, and then introducing and analyzing several examples of Pseudo-anglicisms in Albanian. Transformations of English loans or the native words (in terms of morphological, semantic, orthographic, phonetic, etc., features) or the coinage of new words in the Albanian language under the influence of English language (the resemblance to English being the only connection to English language) are processes that produce the so-called ‘false loans’ or ‘Pseudo-anglicisms’. Pseudo-anglicisms in Albanian can not be studied separately from other European languages as they share most of their features with Pseudo-anglicisms in French, Italian, Spanish, German, etc.

Юмористические средства в политических интернет-мемах (на материале немецкого языка)

The study aims to identify the humorous means of Internet memes that reflect the socio-political moods of German residents. In the course of the study, topical political humorous German-language Internet memes were selected and an analysis of the verbal and visual means reflecting the (linguo-)creative potential of Internet users when creating a humorous effect was carried out. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it represents the first attempt to conduct such an analysis. As a result, it has been proved that Internet users employ original visual and verbal components based on humorous means to create political memes. It has been found that the visual component, as well as puns, coinage of new words or expressions based on the names of leading politicians are the main manifestations of (linguistic) creativity. It has been noted that a political Internet meme is a socio-cultural phenomenon that reflects the socio-political sentiments of a certain society and is understandable only to those who are familiar with the socio-political realities and culture of this society.

Fauna-inspired fashion through the English language glass

The article deals with representation of animal-inspired fashion highlights in the English fashion discourse with the focus on evolution of naming systems, categorization, multimodality, advertising and marketing strategies valid for online commerce. Animalistic motifs are considered on the basis of language-naming practices for clothes, footwear, accessories, jewelry and make-up. Fashion has become an important field of communication in modern world. Now it generates multimodal fashion discourse and refined fashion narrative with countless articles and innumerable posts on social media, Instagrammable looks of celebrities and influeuncers imitated by thousands of fashion fans. Glamorous fashion events are prominent social gatherings, which entail extensive international media coverage making a noticeable domain of online landscape. In the 21st century, radical changes in fashion were triggered by ecology movement and animal advocacy movement. Wild and domestic animals were used for clothes making for centuries but in the 21st century due to animal personhood movement and vegan fashion animals are likely to turn into a mere source of inspiration for designers. The shift in world vision and values triggers changes in customers' mentality and promotes creativity of fashion designers. Animal-inspired prints, gowns, footwear, accessories become means of self-expression and personification. Modern designers reinterpret the iconic images of the past bringing fashion to a new level what results into new word coinages in English, new distribution of fashion lexemes. Ergonyms – names of fashion items – contain indexical signs and might get associative meaning and emotional meaning being connected with famous people and celebrities. The list of animalistic fashion terms with indexal names is getting longer in the wake of the attempts to introduce new prints into fashion industry. Online business dictates advertising and marketing strategies with catchy names, slogans and detailed linguistic description of goods. Naming conventions are being changed as animal-prints get connotations, associations; lexical units acquire occasional intensifiers and determiners. Playfulness of animal-inspired fashion items is conveyed via humorous names and naming components. Zoomorphic accessories give rise to new portmanteau words. Modern fashion discourse proves linguistic practices and naming conventions are becoming more sophisticated and intricate.

Use of Second Language Communication Strategies to Teach Autonomy in Speaking: A Study of Indonesian EFL Learners’ Use of Second Language Communication Strategies

This ponder pointed at exploring how regularly Indonesian EFL learners utilized moment dialect (L2) communication techniques and how their instructing influenced both their independence in talking and talking accomplishment after treatment. A few 33 understudies of the English Office, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia, were included in this ponder employing a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental plan. The information of this think about was collected through talking tests and surveys. The collected data were analyzed utilizing graphic measurements and matched test t-tests. Comes about appears that, to begin with, we recognized six L2 communication techniques (circumlocution, guess, comparison, representation, word coinage, and foreignizing) utilized by the learners. Moment, in common, there was an expanded utilization of the techniques in, or the positive impact of the procedures on, their learning independence in talking and their talking accomplishment. These discoveries are practically noteworthy primarily to supply instructors with input within the Indonesian school setting to apply communication techniques that suit understudies conceivably.

Review of the book: Maradan, Mélanie. 2021. Uncertainty in Deliberate Lexical Interventions. Exploring Esperanto Speakers’ Opinions through Corpora. Berlin: Frank & Timme.

This book is about neology, with a focus not on the products of lexical creation (neologisms, word coinages etc.), but rather on the opinions expressed by language users about potential new word forms / meanings. The key innovation of the study is that it analyses a representative corpus of written contributions from five different discussion forums in Esperanto (including opinions on competing technical terms, problematic dictionary entries, etc.). As stated by the author - Mélanie Maradan - the purpose of the study is to facilitate the work of 'language managers', that is to say those (often self-appointed) language experts who have taken upon themselves the task of maintaining the norms and standards of Esperanto. Throughout the book Maradan prefers this term to 'language planner'. It strikes this reviewer that this is an attempt to appropriate the theory and practices ofbmarketing studies, since the analogy of commercial business and ‘human resource management’ are a leitmotif that permeates many other sections of this work.

The role of conceptology in the study of word coinage process in the Kipchak group Turkic languages

The role of conceptology in the study of word coinage process in the Kipchak group Turkic languages

Sustainable fashion in the English language mirror

The research is conducted in the critical eco-linguistics domain, an umbrella term for diverse academic inquiries and empirical evidence. The aim of the article is the analysis of English words and lexical structures used to verbalize two major aspects of sustainable fashion as a new movement and world vision – ethical fashion and conscious fashion with the focus on animals in fashion and thrifting. Sustainable fashion has a number of dimensions categorized as conscious, green, and circular, eco-friendly fashion, ethical fashion, vegan fashion. The goal of conscious fashion has much in common with environmentalism and green marketing. Ethical fashion focuses on exploitation in fashion, of both animals and humans, and encompasses animal rights, fair trade of animal-related products, working conditions in fashion industry what are quite often not decent. Vegan fashion promotes non-animal plant-based textiles and man-made fabrics. Circular fashion centres on clothes recycling, extending terminology to upcycling, downcycling and regenerating. Thrifting, renting, and sharing are to popularize slow fashion and conscious fashion. Coverage of fashion sustainability in mass media resulted into coinage of new eco-conscious words and word collocations and their increasing frequency. Several word-forming models dominate in the sustainable fashion terminology including numerous V-ing words to describe manufacturing processes and activities, non+N, non+Adj coinages to emphasize denial of traditional practices. Some words (animal, cruelty) and word-forming components (eco-) have become more noticeable in sustainable fashion in the past decade. The adjective 'sustainable' is among 1% top words in Modern English (Merriam-Webster dictionary online, n.d.) though the collocation ‘sustainable fashion’ is not fixed yet by this dictionary or its counterparts. Thus sustainable fashion is to be conceptualized to find its way to dictionaries as well as to mentality of fashion designers, clothes manufacturers and consumers worldwide. Increasing vocabulary of sustainable fashion should become more familiar to consumers to push them to rethinking their lifestyle, clothing choices, becoming eco-conscious.

Beyond vernacular and metropolitan concepts

This article explores the emergence and transformation of the concept of good governance in contemporary Thailand after the 1997 economic crisis to reveal how it morphed from a technocratic category to a moral one, central to conservative and anti-democratic discourses in the country. By reconstructing historical and contemporary debates over word coinage and translation in Thailand, this article questions the easy distinctions between “metropolitan” and “vernacular” concepts. In so doing, I propose to carve a new space for an ethnographically grounded political anthropology that neither assumes a flattened and universal conception of political categories—such as state, power, or government—nor seeks refuge into pristine “vernacular concepts” but rather explores the processes through which specific people, organizations, and institutions are constantly reworking and diffusing concepts on multiple scales while aligning, challenging, or creating “global hierarchies of value,” in the plural, along which those concepts are positioned.

Grammatical core terminology in Icelandic

Abstract The article addresses a selection of meanings fundamental to linguistic discourse in Icelandic. Their diverse lexical manifestations were collected from twenty-four works, produced during eight centuries: from the First Grammatical Treatise (1130–1140) to Alexander Jóhannesson’s Frumnorræn málfræði (1920), by which time current grammatical terminology had for the most part reached its “modern” state. The excerpted data is analyzed with regard to its internal organization, by exploring the nature of its systematization, the strategies employed in coining grammatical terminology, and the relationship between current Icelandic grammatical terminology and medieval and early-modern terminology. From the analysis it becomes clear that: (1) calquing (mostly structural) and autonomous word coinage are the most prolific strategies, whereas borrowing and the employment of inherited lexemes are marginal; (2) Latin is the principal direct model for terms, and Danish constitutes another important source. Direct influence of Ælfrician terminology on the Old Icelandic grammatical lexicon is questionable; (3) the terminology currently used primarily comprises terms stemming from the 19th, and to a lesser extent the 18th century, with medieval terminology still being employed only in the case of very basic terms.

Неологизмы психологической семантики русского и английского языков как компонент языковой картины мира и объект языковой политики и планирования

Neologisms represent a layer of the latest vocabulary of any language. At the same time, the areas with the most intensive coinage of new words traditionally include technology, politics, ecology and economics. A significant number of new vocabulary of psychological semantics has been observed among commonly used vocabulary in the last decade. The study of such neologisms is particularly interesting through a comparative-contrastive lens. The aim of the paper is to assess the potential of neologisms of psychological semantics as a source of information about the linguistic worldview and the most productive ways of adding new words to the vocabulary of the language from the standpoint of cognitive linguistics and sociolinguistics. The neologisms selected for the purposes of the study were divided into semantic groups based on a semantic analysis. A structural analysis made it possible to identify ways of adding new words to the vocabulary of the English and Russian languages. The results of a comparative-contrastive analysis allowed the researchers to describe the differences in the linguistic worldview of the Russian and English languages based on vocabulary of psychological semantics for the first time, as well as the cognitive mechanisms underlying the most productive ways of creating neologisms, which constituted the scientific novelty of the study. As a result, the data on the ways of adding new words to the vocabulary of the English and Russian languages have been actualised, the productive word-formation models and methods of word formation have been identified. The expediency of purifying the Russian language from English-language borrowings has been considered.

AN INVESTIGATION OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' ORAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY (OCS) IN DEBATE CLASS

Dornyei (1995) classifies communication strategies based on the problem-oriented perspective. In this taxonomy, the oral communication strategies refer to the speakers’ strategies used when encountering some communication problems. This qualitative study was conducted in a descriptive case study to investigate undergraduate students’ oral communication strategy in debate class. The participants of this study were the third semester of undergraduate students who join in a critical speaking class. There were 24 students. The observation was used to obtain the data. The data has been collected from this instrument was analyzed using the steps from Gay et al. (2006) with memoing, describing, and classifying. The result of the study revealed that the students used 11 of 12 types of oral communication strategies. The first is message abandonment with 12 utterances (4.5%). The second is topic avoidance with five utterances (1.81%). The third is circumlocution with one utterance (0.37%). The fourth is an approximation with six utterances (2.25%). The fifth is using all-purpose words with five utterances (1.81%). The sixth is word coinage with five utterances (1.81%). The seventh is using non-linguistic means with 12 utterances (4.5%). The eighth is foreignizing with two utterances (0.75%). The ninth is code-switching, with 27 utterances (10.2%). The tenth is the appeal for help with 35 utterances (13.2%), and the last is the use of fillers applied by students with 157 utterances (58.8%). Meanwhile, the students do not apply the literal translation as a communication strategy when conducting a debate. It implies that the types of oral communication strategies used by the students in this study involve the ability to overwhelm language faults in English.

Communication Strategy On Students' Written Arabic Text

The purpose of this study was to describe how the communication strategy in student’s written text which included paraphrasing strategies, borrowing strategies and avoidance strategies. This research was a qualitative research with a socio-psycho-structural approach. The research data were verbal data in the form of data: (1) written fiction narrative, (2) interview transcription, and (3) observation notes. The data were analyzed by interactive analysis by Tarone’s comunication strategies. The result of the research showed that in solving the communication problem, Arabic language learners used the strategy based on the language between the Indonesia or the Javanese language, by generalizing the forms, creating paraphrases, creating words, and reconstructing sentences. Some of the communication strategies which were employed by learners were: (a) paraphrasing strategies, (b) borrowing strategies, and (c) avoidance strategies. Paraphrasing strategies were implemented through approximation techniques, creating or substituting word coinage, and using circumlocution. Borrowing strategies were done through the use of literal translation strategies, code mixes, requests for help, and use of mimic or gestures. Avoidance strategy was used through the process of avoidance of the use of language phrases that had not been properly mastered or avoid certain topics that would complicate the speaker in expressing the purpose of the speech.

Covid-19: An Impromptu or Trend-setting Factor in Research on Language and Education?

With the flood of research on Covid-19 in 2020 and 2021, pandemic-induced emergency is giving rise to new unprecedented challenges for all strata of the society, including science and education. The JLE editors focus on the first outcomes and hurdles the pandemic-caused research publishing has led to. The authors dwell upon the research on education in the context of COVID-19 constraints with a special accent on higher education and L2 teaching, considering the key trends as a response to the gaps in the field knowledge. Some attention is paid to emerging linguistic research and new word coinages to define the new phenomena. The editors summarize the obstacles that “fast-track” publishing and shortened peer review have built up, suggesting some estimates as of the Covid-19 effects of the research avalanche for science.

Change(s) in Vocabulary(/ies) – Hungarian and Romanian Lexical Phenomena During COVID

Abstract The COVID-19 epidemic caused not only an unprecedented crisis in our lives but also changes in our language use and word formation habits: this new disease and its cures have naturally led to the emergence of new concepts and names. In 2020, more and more words or phrases related to the COVID-19 epidemic appeared in the public sphere as a result of COVID-related publications issued by the World Health Organization, regulations issued by the authorities of the countries, news in the press, and endless debates in the social media. This study examines the lexicalization processes and semantic shifts generated by the COVID epidemic, as we aim to examine professional and colloquial developments in pandemic-inspired terminology. We analyse the changes that have taken place in the Hungarian and Romanian language environment, while also taking into account the English language elements as a background reference. Among the most notable lexico-semantic phenomena, we have identified word coinages, changes of meaning, and varied word formation techniques which have fostered the processes of lexicalization and neologism creation, revealing an impressive linguistic dynamic at the level of public discourse.