Woodfordia Fruticosa Research Articles

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles using Butea monosperma and Woodfordia fruticosa: Green approach

Synthesis of nanoparticles through plant-based products which are eco-friendly and safer, can be used for various purposes such as environmental, biomedical and antibacterial applications. The present work deals with an environmentally benign process for the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles using Butea monosperma and Woodfordia fruticosa plants. Synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles using whole-plant extract were characterized using UV-VIS, FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The appearance of a characteristic vibrational mode of TiO2 in the range of 880 and 450 cm-1 confirmed the synthesis of nanoparticles. In the case of UV-VIS analysis, a red shift was observed in the band position as the calcination temperature was increased. XRD and SEM analysis helped in determining crystalline phase and morphology respectively.

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Dhataki Pushpa ointment (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.) on Sadyavrana (excised wound) - An experimental study

Background: Woodfordia fruiticosa Kurz. of Lythraceae is a shrub whose blooms are called Dhataki Kusuma. The fresh flower of W. fruticosa controls bleeding in emergency cuts, whereas the dried flower powder heals wounds faster. Indian tribes utilise it to cure wounds. No scientific evidence supported using W. fruticosa to treat wounds, hence the present study assessed the plant's wound healing ability. Aim: To find out the efficacy of Dhataki Pushpa ointment on Sadyavrana (excised wound). Material & Methodology: BSI (Botanical Survey of India) verified Dhataki flowers. The ointment was prepared and then standardised. This research randomly chose 12 Wistar rats (six for Dhataki Pushpa ointment, and six for betadine). Albino rats (Wistar) of both sexes weighing 150-200 g were used in this research to examine the impact of Dhataki Pushpa ointment on the healing of Sadyavrana (incised wound). Observations: Progressively wound contraction was assessed on 0 days, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 16th days in both groups using graph paper (mm2) and represented as a percentage. Result: the statistical analysis (unpaired t-test) revealed that there is a significant difference in the wound healing activity of both the ointments on Sadyavrana (p<0.0001). Discussion: Dhataki extract is antibacterial and antifungal. Tannins and alcohol concentration may speed wound contraction and healing. Reduced wound contraction indicates Dhataki ointment's superiority over betadine. Conclusion: Dhataki flower ointment has a significant effect on Sadyavrana when compared with betadine ointment.

GC-MS analysis of curculigo orchiodes and medicinal herbs with cytotoxic, hepatoprotective attributes of ethanolic extract from Indian origin.

Liver illnesses are a major public health issue all over the world. Medicinal plants constituents a viable alternative for the development of phytopharmaceuticals with hepatoprotective activity in order to solve some of these health-related problems. The present study is focused on the phytochemical and biological investigation on Indian traditional medicinal plant extracts, for their cytotoxic and hepatoprotective activity. The isolated compounds showed the presence of phenolic constituents which lead to cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective activity of medicinal plant. Cancer causes about 13% of all human deaths in 2007 (7.6million) (American Cancer Society and WHO December 2006-07). The American Cancer Society estimates that 12,990 new cases of cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the United States year 2016. Cancer-related deaths are expected to increase, with an estimated 11.4 million deaths in 2030. The ethanolic extracts of Centella asiatica, Myristica fragrans, Trichosanthes palmata, Woodfordia fruticosa, Curculigo orchioides were evaluated against HEP-G2 cell lines for hepatoprotective activity and Curculigo orchioides was further promoted for the isolation of secondary metabolites based on inhibitory concentration. The ethanolic extracts of C.asiatica, M.fragrans, T.palmata, W.fruticosa, Curculigo orchioides shown significant cytotoxic activity (IC50≤100μg/mL). The plant extracts also shown significant hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner when tested against HEP-G2 cell lines and cytotoxicity studies against HeLa and HEP-G2 cells. The extract of Curculigo orchiodes rhizome showed significant cytotoxicity results. Hence the Curculigo orchiodes rhizome was selected for further phytochemical studies to isolate active compounds and their Characterization by GCMS.

Effect of “Murcchana samskara” on therapeutic efficacy of BhallatakadiGhrita

‘Bhallatakadi Ghrita’ (BG), comprising the plant extracts of Semecarpus anacardium L., Argemone mexicana L., Cocculus hirsutus L., and Woodfordia fruticosa K. ‘Murcchana samskara’ of ghee before any ‘ghrita-paka’ preparation evidenced the maximum acceptability for topical application. The current study dealt with the effect of the ‘Murcchana’ process on the therapeutic efficacy of BG. In the first step, ‘Murcchita’ ghee was prepared as per reference texts and then developed the ‘Murcchita Bhallatakadi Ghrita’ (M-BG), which was further assessed for wound healing activity using incision and excision wound animal models. ‘Murcchanasamskara’ altered the wound healing ability of M-BG (100% wound contraction on 15th post wounding day with 13.50 ± 0.22 days complete re-epithelization time and 562.33 ± 7.37 g breaking strength). The presence of antioxidants, polyphenols, flavonoids, and fatty acids (known for their potential wound healing properties) in M-BG could accelerate the wound contraction rate (P < 0.001). The present investigation has corroborated the Ayurvedic/traditional attribute of ‘Murcchanasamskara’ to augment the medicinal properties of the BG.

Antioxidant and Antidiabetic activity of hydroalcoholic flower extract of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz

Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, (W. fruticosa) a member of the Lythraceae family, commonly known as dhaiphul, has been used in traditional medicine to cure common illnesses since ancient times. The most effective part of this plant is the flower which has a high demand in the national as well as the international market of the eastern south part of Asian countries. The present study focuses on exploring the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidants, and antidiabetic potential of hydroalcoholic extract of flower of W. fruticosa. Phytochemical test showed the presence of saponin, flavonoid, carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannin, anthraquinone, and triterpenoids in the extract, and it showed an effective result of total phenolic content, total flavonoid Content with the value of 371.96 ± 2.86 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of the extract and 113.82 ± 0.178 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dry weight. In vitro antioxidant assay, for the DPPH assay, the IC50 values were found 30.85 ± 0.36 μg/ml and 22.35 ± 0.54 μg/ml for the extract of W. fruticosa flower and ascorbic acid respectively and for the FRAP Assay, the reducing power assay of plant extract is lesser than standard (Ascorbic acid). W. fruticosa also showed significant hyperglycemic activity. In accordance with results, we can conclude that plant consists of a high polyphenolic and flavonoid group which help in antioxidant activity as well as the hydroalcoholic extract shows mild activity against diabetes.&#x0D; Keywords: Woodfordia fruticosa, phytochemical, hydroalchoholic, antioxidants, antidiabetic, DPPH.

Anti sickling potential and chemical profiling of traditionally used Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz leaves

Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz is a widely used plant in traditional medicine systems. The tribal communities of Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh (India) are using this plant for the treatment of general weakness, blood related complications like blood deficiency, blood purification and for the treatment of symptoms related to sickle cell disease (SCD). SCD is a genetic disease with life threatening complications. In the absence of any drugs without any side effects, the alternative plant based therapies that may either reduce/ reverse the sickling of the red blood cells can be safe and effective therapeutic agents. We evaluated W. fruticosa extracts for phytoconstituents, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-sickling properties of the extracts were evaluated by estimation of reverse sickling, polymerization inhibition and osmotic fragility assays. Chemical profiling of the methanol extract was done using LC-MS analysis. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, tannin, and saponins were present in all the extracts. Methanol extract displayed maximum reversal (66 ± 1%) of sickled Red blood Cells (RBC) and significantly inhibited Hb polymerization. The hexane and methanol extracts led to minimum hemolysis of sickled RBC in the osmotic fragility assays. Total tannin (365 ± 2.4 TAE) content was highest in acetone extract, while the total flavonoid and phenolic content (156.9 ± 2.0 QE) and (113.7 ± 0.7 GAE) were highest in methanol extract. The methanol extract displayed minimum IC 50 (8.1 ± 1.5) in 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) while the acetone extract had minimum IC 50 (215.8 ± 5.7) in 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay. The hexane extract displayed maximum Ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) value (1.5 ± 0.5 mM Fe(II)/mg dry weight) that were higher than methanol and aqueous extracts (1.45 ± 0.1, 1.45 ± 0.05 mM Fe(II)/mg dry weight). The methanol extract provided maximum RBC protection from hemolysis (73.8 ± 0.8%). Maximum Lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition was observed by the acetone and methanol extracts at 400 μg/mL while the hexane extract displayed maximum Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition (57.0 ± 0.5%). LC-MS profiling of the methanol extract identified several secondary metabolites that might be responsible for the observed activities. The results validate the traditional use of W. fruticosa and present us with potential compounds for further development of novel anti sickling agents.

Gut microbiota and metabolic changes towards improved gut health with supplementation of Woodfordia fruticosa, a medicinal plant: An in vitro study

Woodfordia fruticosa flowers are used as an important component in various fermentation-based traditional medicinal formulations for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments. In the study, extract of flowers (WfE) was evaluated for its gut microbiota (GM) modulatory properties using in vitro fermentation experiments. WfE supplementation (0.5 and 1 mg/mL) led to significant changes in GM composition by increasing beneficial populations (8–44%) of genus Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia and Lactobacillus while decreasing pathogenic forms (35–91%) such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Alistipes. Functional pathway prediction indicated upregulation of gluco-related metabolism, vitamin production, decrease in insulin resistance and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Metabolomics (1H NMR) revealed significant increase in butyric acid (≥48%) and other SCFAs (17–49%) and glycerylphosphorylcholine (55–85%), with decrease in trimethylamine (4–9%), and trimethylamine oxide (31–38%). Results indicated WfE to be a novel source of functional food ingredient/ supplement and its potential application in an unexplored area of “food phytoceuticals” for maintenance of gut homeostasis. Industrial relevanceMedicinal plants with a long history of use in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases could be novel sources of functional food ingredients that can have application in gut health. WfE was effective in modifying the gut microbial environment constructively by increasing beneficial microbial populations, suppressing opportunistic pathogenic forms, and also generating key metabolites associated with gut protective functions. WfE has potential industrial application as a functional food ingredient/supplement particularly in decreasing pathogenic populations reported to be involved in manifestation of inflammation, IBD, IBS, and metabolic syndrome.

Anti-nutritional profiling from the edible flowers of Allium cepa, Cucurbita maxima and Carica papaya and its comparison with other commonly consumed flowers

Antinutrients, also known as ‘secondary metabolites’ in plants are highly biologically active chemical compounds synthesized in natural food or feedstuffs by the normal metabolism of species which prevents optimal exploitation of the nutrients present in a food. Consumption of edible flowers has increased over the years as the phytochemicals in them have been found to possess numerous health benefits. However, many edible flowers remain unexplored and underutilized. The present study quantifies and compares the anti-nutritional (tannins, phytates, oxalates, alkaloids and saponin) content of the three edible flowers of Allium cepa, Carica papaya and Cucurbita maxima with four other commonly consumed edible flowers. It was found that the three flowers have relatively a lower concentration of all the measured antinutrients when compared with its respective bulb/fruit and stalk/leaf. Also when compared to the edible flowers of Moringa oleifera, Musa paradisiaca, Musa acuminata and Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz, the test flowers have a much lower antinutritional content. This relatively small presence of antinutrients in the three test flowers makes them suitable for safe consumption.

HPTLC Method for Estimation of Ellagic Acid and Gallic Acid from Flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz.

Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz, belonging to family Lythraceae, commonly known as dhataki pushpa, is a plant of tropical and subtropical region with a long history of medicinal use. Wide range of chemical compounds including tannins, flavonoides, anthraquinones glycosides and polyphenols have been isolated from the plant. The extract from the flowers are used in folklore medicine for treatments of like wound healing, bowel complaint, rheumatism, hematuria. Litreture survey indicates that the flowers are rich in tannins, both gallo and ellagitannins. Hence, it was thought worthwhile to use Ellagic acid and Gallic acid as the marker compounds for the standardization of the flowers. With this background the present study was undertaken to standardize the flowers using Ellagic acid and Gallic acid as marker compounds. The HPTLC method used for the standardization was validated for the parameters like specificity, limits of detection and quantification, linearity, precision, accuracy and recovery. The total content of Ellagic acid and Gallic acid in the Methanolic extract was found to be 4.21%, 6.70% and the total content of Ellagic acid and Gallic acid in the Total aqueous extract was found to be 2.62%, 4.75%.

A Comparative Study of Alcohol Estimation in Different Samples of Draksharishta

Background: Among all Arishta, Draksharishta is manufactured and sold on large amount by various pharmaceutical companies and widely prescribed by the physicians. Due to its effective properties and pleasant test resembling to that of Alcohol, Draksharishta is used by the patients in over dose for longer duration irrespective of the physician’s prescription.&#x0D; Hence, to estimate and compare the level of alcohol and to detect the absence/presence of Methanol content in self-prepared and market samples of Draksharishta, this study was undertaken by comparing the permissible limits of alcohol in all the samples so as to inhibit alcohol intoxication due to Draksharishta. Draksharishta was prepared by two methods.&#x0D; Methodology: In method 1, Dhataki (Woodfordia floribunda) flowers and in method 2, Yeast was used for inducing fermentation. Analytical study of two self prepared and five market samples of Draksharishta was conducted to estimate the level of alcohol, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar and to detect the absence/presence of Methanol content. The detected values of the parameters were compared among all the samples.&#x0D; Results: The data reveal that there is difference in the physicochemical values of the Draksharishta samples. The alcohol content in samples M-E (2.8 %), S-A (3.40 %) and S-B (3.80 %) is low as compared to other sample of Draksharishta. Alcohol content in self prepared and market samples of Draksharishta is within permissible limits. Methanol is absent in all the sample of Draksharishta. Draksharishta prepared according to reference (S-A and S-B), satisfy the standard parameters of Arishta kalpana.&#x0D; Conclusion: Draksharishta sample S-A and S-B can be easily used in all age groups even in higher dose. As alcohol contents is less and methanol is absent in self-prepared samples, they are safe to use.

Identification of plant-based multitargeted leads for Alzheimer's disease: In-vitro and in-vivo validation of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with no availability of disease-modifying therapeutics. The complex etiology and recent failures in clinical trials indicate the need for multitargeted agents. PurposeThe present study aims to discover new plant-based multitargeted anti-AD leads. MethodsA library of plant extracts was screened for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1). The secondary metabolites of active extracts were also tested, followed by enzyme-kinetics and molecular modeling to understand the mechanism of inhibition. The most active extract was investigated for in-vivo anti-dementia activity in behavioral mice models. ResultsAmong the library of 105 extracts, Woodfordia fruticosa (SBE-80) and Bergenia ciliata (SBE-65) extracts displayed significant inhibition of all three enzymes. Gallic acid, one of the constituents of both plants, shows moderate inhibition of AChE and BACE-1. Catechin-3-O-gallate (CG), another constituent of SBE-65, inhibits EeAChE, rHuAChE, and eqBChE with IC50's of 29.9, 1.77, and 8.4 µM, respectively; along with a mild-inhibition of BACE-1. Ellagic acid, the constituent of SBE-80, inhibits BACE-1 with an IC50 value of 16 µM. The W. fruticosa extract SBE-80 at the dose of 25 mg/kg QD × 9 (PO) displayed memory-enhancing activity in Morris Water Maze and Passive Avoidance Test in Swiss albino mice. Treatment with SBE-80 also inhibits AChE in-vivo; whereas, a non-significant decrease in the serum TBARS was observed. ConclusionW. fruticosa is identified for the first time as an anti-AD lead candidate. The in-vitro and in-vivo data presented herein and the documented safety profile of W. fruticosa indicate its strong potential for preclinical development as a botanical drug for dementia/AD.

Functional attributes of polyphenol-rich Woodfordia fruticosa extract: An active ingredient in traditional Indian medicine with nutraceutical potential

The focus of research in recent years has been scientific documentation and validation of the therapeutic properties of medicinal plants traditionally used in alternative systems of medicine. The present study aimed to select a potential medicinal plant, traditionally used in the Indian system of medicine, especially in the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, evaluate it for functional attributes including stimulation of probiotic bacterial growth, characterize the phytochemical constituents and thus provide possible evidence for their therapeutic use. Initially, hot water extracts of six plants were prepared and analyzed for total phenolic content, antioxidant property, and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 and MCC 2034) growth stimulatory activity. The selected extract was further assessed for additional bioactivities and characterized for polyphenolic constituents by UHPLC/HRMS. From preliminary results, Woodfordia fruticosa extract (WfE) rich in polyphenols (218.52 mg GAE/g of extract), appreciable DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.243 mg/mL), and exhibiting dose-dependent probiotic growth stimulatory property was selected. Further evaluation of WfE showed high antioxidant ability as observed by FRAP (202.42 + 27 μM Trolox equivalents/g) and ORAC assay (291.702 ± 22.62/mM Trolox equivalents/g). WfE also showed tyrosinase (IC50 = 17.5 ± 2.99 μg/mL) and alpha-glucosidase (IC50 = 54.94 + 1.28 μg/mL) inhibitory activity. Polyphenol characterization revealed gallic acid as a major component with quercetin, ellagic acid, and cyanidin 3-glucoside. This study provides evidence for the traditional use of W. fruticosa in several Ayurvedic formulations, especially fermentation-based, targeting various diseases. Furthermore, it opens avenues towards the use of WfE as a functional ingredient in the preparation of synbiotic formulations or functional foods, targeting host health.

English

In Pakistan, the poultry industry is one of the rapidly growing industries. Due to lack of biosecurity measures, this is affected by some important infectious agents such as Avian Influenza virus (H9N2) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) results in a huge economic loss. So, to control these losses discovery of new anti-viral drugs required to bring into line to fight against these infections. It is a general perception that the active components of medicinal plants have effective results against various infections like the influenza virus. The current therapeutic facilities need to be improved by investigating new antiviral drugs from natural resources to fight against viral infections. The present study was conducted on ethanolic extracts of seven different flowers to examine their antiviral activity against NDV and H9N2 in ovo using chicken embryonated egg inoculation. The spot agglutination and hemagglutination tests showed inhibitory effects of Rosa damascena Miller, Achillea millefolium, Woodfordia fruticosa Kurtz and Bombax ceiba L. against NDV as no agglutination observed. While the extracts of Taxacum officianale Weber, Hyssopus officianalis L. and Chrysanthemum cinerafolium (Trevis.) Vis. showed positive results for both spot agglutination and hemagglutination assay against NDV. However, both spot agglutination and hemagglutination assay showed inhibitory effect of all the flowers extracts against H9N2. The bioactive components such as alkaloids, ethers, terpenoids, etc. of each flower were analyzed through Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The current results revealed that ethanolic extracts of these flowers possess strong antiviral activity because of their active ingredients. These ingredients should be isolated, commercialized and used for therapeutic purpose. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Evaluation of plant species diversity in the road dividers of Dhaka City

The present study aims to evaluate the present status of plant species diversity in the road dividers of Dhaka city. A total of 90 plant species under 73 genera and 42 families have been recorded from the road dividers of Dhaka city. Analysis showed that among the 90 species, the most abundant plant species in the road divider are Mimusops elengi (Bakul) Polyalthia longifolia (Debdaru), Leucaena leucocephala (Epil-epil), Tabernaemontana divaricata (Togor) and Swietenia mahagoni (Mahagoni). In case of dominant analysis based important value index showed that Mimusops elengi is the top dominant plant species followed by Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena leucocephala, Tabernaemontana divaricata and Swietenia mahagoni respectively. These plant species have also showed the higher relative density, relative frequency and relative abundance. The percentage of native and exotic species was found here 44% and 56%, respectively. Most abundant and dominant plant species in the road dividers are exotics including Mimusops elengi,Polyalthia longifolia, Leucaena leucocephala and Swietenia mahagoni. Species diversity value was found higher in Hatirjeel site whereas lowest in Baridhara- Badda site. A number of recommendations are made based on the present results for the management of plant species diversity in the road dividers of Dhaka city. Some recommended native plant species for plantation according to the width and soil depth in the road dividers are Cassia fistula, Holarrhena pubescens, Firmiana colorata, Shorea robusta, Miliusa valutina, Butea monosperma, Alstonia scholaris, Toona ciliata, Ficus racemosa, Bombax ceiba, Woodfordia fruticosa, Melastoma malabathricum, Sterculia villosa, Grewia microcos, Syzygium cumini, Tabernaemontana divaricata, Ixora coccinea, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia arjuna and also native seasonal flowers.&#x0D; Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 141-154, 2021 (June)

A Review on Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz (Dhatki): Ayurvedic, Folk and Modern Uses

Woodfordia fruticosa kurz is an herbal plant that belongs to the family Lythraceae. This plant is widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of India, Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan and Pakistan. The plant possesses a long history of medicinal use. The flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa are recorded to possess potent therapeutic values. The various phytochemicals isolated from this plant are tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinone, glycosides and polyphenols. The extract of flowers and leaves are associated with useful therapeutic activities. These phytochemical compounds have many pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, antiulcer, immunomodulatory, antifertility and anti-tumor. These pharmacological activities of Woodfordia fruticosa plant are also mentioned in the literature of ayurveda, yunani and other traditional systems of medicine. This review is intended to provide brief information on the plant Woodfordia fruticosa on the basis of chemical constituents, folk usage, ayurvedic usage, modern usage and its biological activities. Keywords: Woodfordia fruticosa, antimicrobial, Ayurvedic, flavonoids, Octacosanol

Alternative sources of red dyes with high stability and antimicrobial properties: Towards an ecological and sustainable approach for five plant species from Madagascar

Artificial dyes from petrochemicals are extensively used in the numerous sectors. They have adverse effects on human health and environment. Economical and bio-friendly approaches are needed to extract and produce dyes in an ecological manner to replace the hazardous and toxic artificial ones. In this regard, exploiting the potential of natural dyes sources from unconventional plant species presumes a sustainable management of natural resources, and the development of eco-friendly processing extraction technologies with high efficiency, low toxicity and low environmental impacts. In Madagascar, five plant species including Acridocarpus excelsus, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora mucronata, Woodfordia fruticosa and Xylocarpus granatum are traditionally used as sources of natural red dyes by Malagasy craftspersons for textile dyeing at a very small scale. This original work is based on this assessment. It demonstrated that biopigments extracted via a low-toxicity and highly-efficient pressurized liquid extraction (PLE method from barks adventive roots collected from these five plant species of Madagascar could be used as red dyestuffs. These dye plant extracts have been demonstrated as having, in term of colors, great pH stabilities within a pH range of 3–9 and thermal stability up to 200 °C. By their chemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that could meet industrial application requirement. We are proposing lines of research that would improve the industrial sustainability and economic viability of the production of pigments extracted from Malagasy plant raw materials. The potential of PLE technique paired with eco-friendly solvents as an alternative method for the extraction and recovery of natural dyes is also discussed here. The valorization of these plant species using green technologies could enable the development of local sectors in Madagascar with wide potential of applications. However, issues related to development ethics, preservation of biological heritage and sustainable resource management must be carefully considered.

Evaluation of wound healing potential of Bhallatakadi Ghrita - cow ghee based polyherbal formulation: in-vivo excision and incision wound model.

Ghee is widely considered as the Indian name for clarified butterfat and processing of ghee with therapeutic herbs i.e., ghrita is renowned for augmenting their medicinal properties. The wound is considered as a challenging clinical problem with early and late complications. To reduce the burden of wounds with the shortest period and minimum scaring, an attempt was made to prepare and evaluate the wound healing potential of ghee based polyherbal formulation. Based on local ethnic tribal claims, Semecarpus anacardium L., Argemone mexicana L., Cocculus hirsutus L., and Woodfordia fruticosa K. were collected from Western Ghats of India. The polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita (BG) formulation was prepared as per Ayurvedic procedure and assessed for its wound healing potential using incision and excision wound animal models. BG treated group showed a complete contraction of wounds (99.82±0.10%) (p<0.001) with 15.17±0.40 days re-epithelization time and breaking strength (531.50±5.89) (p<0.05). The hydroxyproline content of BG was found to be significantly higher i.e., 4.23±0.21 (p<0.05). Quantitative estimation of BG exhibited 54.7±3.7mg100g-1 of polyphenols and 42.3±5.4mg.100g-1 flavonoids in terms of gallic acid and quercetin respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid and quercetin whereas the presence of fatty acids was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. It may conclude that the presence of quercetin, gallic acid, and fatty acids could have accelerated the healing rate of the ghrita formulation, as they have already been known for their potential wound healing properties.

English

The antibiotic resistance is creating a serious challenge to treat diseases especially against multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of seven different flowers ethanolic extracts named as Achillea millefolium, Bombax ceiba, Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium, Hyssopus officinalis, Rosa damascena Miller, Taraxacum officinale Weber and Woodfordia fruticosa against MDR E. coli through spot test and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) test. The results showed all the seven extracts have significant antibacterial activity against MDR E. coli and control. The MIC of Rosa damascena Miller, Bombax ceiba was 3.125 mg/ml and Taraxacum officinale Weber was 12.5 mg/ml for MDR E. coli. Similarly, Achillea millefolium, Hyssopus officinalis, Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium MIC value was 25 mg/ml and 12.5 mg/ml for Woodfordia fruticosa Kurtz. The current study reveals that these flowers possess strong antibacterial activity and thus can be used as potential antimicrobial agent against various resistant bacterial pathogens

Antioxidant-Rich Woodfordia fruticosa Leaf Extract Alleviates Depressive-Like Behaviors and Impede Hyperglycemia.

Dhaiphul (Woodfordia fruticosa) is a frequently demanded plant in South-East Asian regions for its diverse medicinal values. This study was proposed to examine antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antidepressant potentials of methanol extract of W. fruticosa leaves (MEWF) and its derived n-hexane (NHFMEWF) and ethyl acetate (EAFMEWF) fractions through in vitro, in vivo, and computational models. Among test samples, MEWF and EAFMEWF contained the highest phenolic content and showed maximal antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing power assays. In comparison, NHFMEWF possessed maximum flavonoid content and a significantly potent α-amylase inhibitory profile comparable with positive control acarbose. In animal models of depression (forced swimming and tail suspension test), EAFMEWF and NHFMEWF demonstrated a dose-dependent antidepressant-like effect; explicitly, the depressive-like behaviors significantly declined in EAFMEWF-treated dosing groups in contrast to the control group. In the computational analysis, previously isolated flavonoid compounds from Dhaiphul leaves manifested potent binding affinity against several key therapeutic target proteins of diabetes and depressive disorders including α-amylase, serotonin transporter, dopamine transporter, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase with varying pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles. This research’s outcomes may provide potential dietary supplements for mitigating hyperglycemia, cellular toxicity, and depressive disorder.

Nootropic activity of ethanolic extract of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz flowers on scopolamine-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Background: Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. flowers belongs with the Lythraceae family and is known as Dhathaki in Ayurveda, which has been accounted for to have antimicrobial movement, cardioprotective action, antioxidant action, antiulcer action, immunomodulatory action, anti-fruitfulness action, and antitumor action in other in vitro contemplates. Aims and Objectives: The current investigation is to explore the nootropic activity of the ethanolic extract of W. fruticosa (EWF) flowers scopolamine-induced mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Materials and Methods: EWF was prepared by an incessant method using Soxhlet and cold evaporator equipment with respected temperature. EWF inside the doses 100 and 250 mg/kg frame weight become administrated to albino mice orally for 7 days accompanied through assessment for memory-enhancing interest using well-known protocols of the elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM). Results: Repeated oral administration of EWF 100 and 250 mg/kg and standard Piracetam (100 mg/kg) for 7 days for Swiss albino mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. In the EPM and MWM test revealed that the repeated administration of EWF two different doses shown significant nootropic activity (P < 0.001), and the Piracetam confirmed a huge reduction in the both transfer and escape latency period. Conclusion: EWF confirmed better learning and memory enhancement actions in animal models. The present study also concluded that the flowers are a rich source of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, glycosides, and proteins, which may be recognized to its anti-amnesic activity.