Wooden Fence Research Articles

Numerical and small-scale physical modelling of wave transmission by wooden fences

Mangrove forests, that often act as natural coastal defences, enormously suffered due to ongoing climate change and human disturbances. Thus, it is necessary to have a countermeasure to mitigate the loss of mangroves. Wooden fences are becoming a viable nature-based solution to protect vulnerable replanted mangrove forests. However, the wooden fence's hydraulic characteristics are not yet fully understood due to the complication of branches arrangement. In the present study, a small-scale wave flume modelling of wave damping by a wooden fence was constructed using the inner branches as an inhomogeneous arrangement tested in earlier flow-resistance experiments. The physical model results indicate that the wooden fence is highly effective on wave transmission and that the effectiveness in wave reduction depends on the relative fence thickness, B/Hi. To understand the scale effect on wave transmission further, the numerical model SWASH was used with the laboratory wave data. By applying the prior experiments' drag coefficient on steady flow, the uncalibrated numerical model gave a good agreement with the wave model results, with a root-mean-square error for the total transmitted wave heights of 4.7%. After validation, potential scale effects for small scale tests were determined from scaling simulations at both full scales and the applied 1:5 model scale. These simulations were performed for a fence porosity of 0.81, and different fence thicknesses to understand scale effects between model- and full-scale. Both wave reflection and transmission at model-scale are about 5% higher than full-scale results due to the increased drag coefficient and viscous effects. The effects of fence thickness and porosity were the same in large and small scale, and much larger than the error due to scale effects. Hence testing fence efficiency at physical small scale is regarded as a useful tool, together with numerical modelling.

БЕЗУСПІШНІ МІСТА БАРСЬКОЇ ОКОЛИЦІ: ЯЛТУШКІВ, МЕЖИРІВ, ПОРОСЯТКІВ, МАР’ЯНІВКА, БАРОК ТА БЕРЛИНЦІ

Historical towns of Ukraine are the subject of numerous interdisciplinary studies. The focus is mainly on those settlements that have preserved the planning composition or have significant historical significance. Instead, towns that have lost opportunities for spatial development remain unnoticed. The purpose of article is to determine the spatial parameters of downtown and individual development anomalies of unsuccessful cities: Yaltushkiv, Mezhyriv, Porosyatkiv, Maryanivka, Barok and Berlyntsi. Urban factors with varying intensity stimulate the development of settlements. In each example, this happens individually. The formation and long-term formation of the town had hereditary, evolutionary and variable-pulsating properties. Given these characteristics, several cities located in the vicinity of Bar and recorded on the map of Podolsk Voivodeship in 1670 attract attention. These towns had a short period of development and did not differ in the history of the region. Instead, they deserve to examine the peculiarities of formation and restoration historical memory. On the map of Podolsk Voivodeship in 1670, Yaltushkiv is shown with a castle and fortified downtown. The settlement was located on the road that connected Bar with Dunaivtsi. Analysis of the current state of street network and relief allows to delineate boundaries of historic downtown. It had two gates, the main street on which stood the Church of Holy Trinity and Church of Holy Spirit. The market square had the shape of an elongated rectangle. The castle was located in the north-western corner. Preserved regular street network shows that the downtown was built thoughtfully and according to the developed plan. Most likely it happened in the middle of the 16-th century, but due to repeated devastation of the 16 - 20 centuries, no significant buildings and temples have survived. On the map of Podolia Voivodeship in 1670, Mezhyriv is marked as a densely built-up town with a castle. Analysis of current state of the street network and relief helps to determine the boundaries of the ancient fortified city center, the probable location of the gates and the castle complex. On the map of Podolia voivodeship in 1670, Porosyatkiv is shown as a wellfortified town, with bastions and ramparts, but without castle. Instead, the fortification, market and temple have been lost today. The street network allows you to roughly delineate the area of the historic center. On the map of Podolsk Voivodeship in 1670, Maryanivka is shown as a quadrangular fortified town with a castle located near the eastern part of the downtown. An analysis of existing street network and relief shows that the ancient Rynok Square was located near the church, town had ramparts and dry ditches, two gates and a regular type of layout. The castle was rectangular in shape, with ramparts and a moat, located near the road to Kopaygorod. On the map of Podolia Voivodeship in 1670, Berlyntsi is mentioned as a fortified settlement with a castle located on the southern side of downtown. On the map of Podolsk Voivodeship in 1670, Barok is shown as a fortified town with a castle located on the north side of downtown. The essence without the success of towns is concentrated in the reasons that determined their decline. The quality of the potential development of settlement was influenced by natural factors - geographical and topographic location, climate and geology. The analysis of natural properties in each settlement showed that from the very beginning they had significant limitations in spatial development. Consideration of economic factors, namely favorable conditions for the development of handicrafts and trade, the availability of natural resources indicate that Yaltushkiv, Mezhyriv, Porosyatkiv, Maryanivka, Barok and Berlyntsi were primarily focused on agriculture. The dominance of this vector of settlement activity has negatively affected their functional role in the development of region. An overview of urban planning factor - the development of form and composition of the town show that a clear plan for the creation of the downtown was in Mezhyriv, Yaltushkiv, Berlyntsi, Barok and Maryanivka. Porosyatkiv was planned without prior planning. According to the map of the Podolsk Voivodeship of 1670, the defensive structures of downtown consisted of earthen ramparts, small bastions and wooden fences. On the map of Ricci Zanoni in 1767 it is recorded that Mezhyriv has good fortifications; Porosyatkiv with fortifications (probably scalded); Yaltushkiv, Berlyntsi, Barok and Maryanivka - without fortifications. Thus, the spatial dissolution of the downtown in these towns began in the middle of the XVIII century. An analysis of the towns Yaltushkiv, Mezhyriv, Porosiatkiv, Maryanivka, Barok and Berlyntsi revealed that from the beginning of their founding and during the two centuries of progress, they had hereditary, evolutionary and variable-pulsating anomalies in development. Instead, this is no reason to neglect their significance for the history of Ukrainian urban planning. On the contrary, these settlements today need a special monument protection status.

ЦЕРКОВНО-ОБОРОННІ КОМПЛЕКСИ ЧЕРНІГІВЩИНИ XVII СТОЛІТТЯ

The article considers such a historical and fortification phenomenon as church defense complexes. Their existence dates back to the late MiddleAges and Early Modern Times. This type of fortified structures was spread on the territory of such modern countries as the Republic of Poland, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Belarus, and Romania. Ukraine is no exception. The question of the existence of church defense complexes or defense churches was considered by Ukrainian historiography during the 20th century exclusively on the territory of the Western Ukrainian and part of the Right Bank of Ukraine. However, the question arises whether such complexes existed on the Left Bank of Ukraine including Chernihiv region? The problem with the allocating of this type of fortifications in Chernihiv region is problematic due to the fact that they were wooden. Today there are almost no traces of them left on the earth's surface. These complexes can be studied only by a small number of written sources, as well as archaeological remains. Therefore, by the beginning of the 21st century they did not come in a view of researchers. A brief review of the above issues in this article allowed us to make some conclusions. The article gives an example of 7 complexes that could be classified as defensive. These are primarily churches in such settlements as Stolne, Loknyste, Veresoch, Kladkivka, Pechi, Olenivka and Saltykova Divytsia. In general, these were architectural ensembles consisting of a wooden fence or a stockade, the church sometimes with the bell tower. The bell tower also simultaneously served as an observation and signal point, defensive tower. Such defensive churches were not stationary fortresses. They served as temporary fortifications in case of sudden Tatar attacks. Тhe military and political situation in the Left Bank of Ukraine stabilized at the beginning of the 18th century. Due to that fact church defensive functions gradually disappear with its fortification elements.

Experimental Assessment of the Flow Resistance of Coastal Wooden Fences

Wooden fences are applied as a nature-based solution to support mangrove restoration along mangrove coasts in general and the Mekong Delta coast in particular. The simple structure uses vertical bamboo poles as a frame to store horizontal bamboo and tree branches (brushwood). Fence resistance is quantitatively determined by the drag coefficient exerted by the fence material on the flow; however, the behaviour of drag is predictable only when the arrangement of the cylinders is homogeneous. Therefore, for more arbitrary arrangements, the Darcy–Forchheimer equations need to be considered. In this study, the law of fluid flow was applied by forcing a constant flow of water through the fence material and measuring the loss of hydraulic pressure over a fence thickness. Fences, mainly using bamboo sticks, were installed with model-scale and full-scale diameters applying two main arrangements, inhomogeneous and staggered. Our empirical findings led to several conclusions. The bulk drag coefficient ( C D ¯ ) is influenced by the flow regime represented by Reynolds number. The drag coefficient decreases with the increase of the porosity, which strongly depends on fence arrangements. Finally, the Forchheimer coefficients can be linked to the drag coefficient through a related porosity parameter at high turbulent conditions. The staggered arrangement is well-predicted by the Ergun-relations for the Darcy–Forchheimer coefficients when an inhomogeneous arrangement with equal porosity and diameter leads to a large drag and flow resistance.

Ecological building design based on the optimization of thermal performance of stilt houses in Guangxi Province

Traditional stilt houses in Guangxi Province are ventilated and breathable in summer with good dehumidification and heat insulation performance. In winter, however, their airtightness and thermal insulation abilities are relatively poor. In order to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the thermal performance of stilt houses in Guangxi Province, this study designs four ecological buildings: Building A is a traditional stilt house with a sloping roof and wooden fences; Building B is a reinforced concrete structured house with a flat roof; Building C is a reinforced concrete structured house with a sloping roof and surrounding self-insulating blocks; Building D has the same conditions as C, except its louvers. Through the Swire energy consumption simulation, we can obtain an ideal multi-layer ecological civil building with a thermal-insulation top layer that can be opened as well as louvers and self-insulating blocks used for the outer wall.

Study of variation in natural frequencies of bio-composites due to structural damage

ABSTRACT The purpose here is to study the variation in the natural frequency of a material due to damage. Also, compare the shift in Natural Frequency that of a SYP-SP (Sweet Potato) bio-composite to a commercial SYP composite. Additionally, the motivation behind the study is to eventually provide biodegradable materials, as petroleum-based products being a finite resource and having more potential to harm the environment. The researcher obtained the Natural Frequencies by Experimental modal analysis using a cantilever beam vibration technique. The shift for the first three natural frequencies for damage induced SYP-SP composite was 10%, 8.6%, and 9.5% and for SYP-Commercial composite was 7.95%, 0.7%, and 0.9% respectively. The undamaged specimens of SYP-SP bio-composite and that of a commercial SYP composite showed behaviour almost on similar lines. Thus, stating the potential use of SYP-SP bio-composite for commercial applications like wood flooring, fencing, and other related applications.

Integrated grey-green management of avalanche risk: Economic and ecologic evidences from the Western Italian Alps

Avalanches represent one of the most common natural hazard in the Alps, and their risk mitigation is increasingly demanding for local administrations. The frequency of these events has also been influenced by the land use changes that affected the Alps in the past: from the over-exploitation of the first half of the XX century to the depopulation and natural reforestation of the last decades. In this study, we performed an economic and ecologic assessment of two alternative mitigation measures against avalanches: steel snow fences, the BAU scenario, and the combination of wooden snow fences gradually replaced by the protection forest, the Grey-Green Scenario. For both alternatives all costs sources that their implementation entails were evaluated, and the effects of the presence of fences on the natural forest regeneration was assessed. The results show how wooden fences are the most cost-effective solution to be placed in avalanche release areas below the treeline, due their high effectiveness coupled with lower construction costs compared to other types of measures, no dismantling costs and the contribution of the protective effect of the forest. Their adoption in the local risk management strategies, notwithstanding the shortcomings of the forest (e.g. fires, pests, …), could represent a reliable way to foster the implementation of ecosystem based disaster risk reduction solutions in mountain areas and meet the protection needs of the society in the most cost-effective way.

К ИСТОРИИ ПРЕОБРАЖЕНСКОГО (АБАЛАКСКОГО) ПОГОСТА В XVII в.

The archaeological research of the Transfiguration churchyard (the area of the Abalak Monastery of the Holy Sign) which was widely conducted in 2007 to 2010 allowed examining certain issues related to the history of the churchyard in more detail. The first generalizing work by P. Danilov covered a number of various aspects and became of great significance. Nevertheless, some aspects were pushed into the background, mainly due to the versatile nature of the work. The aim of this article is to shed some light onto certain aspects of the earlier history of the Transfiguration churchyard before the fire (early to late 17th century), taking into account the unpublished data and re-evaluated excavation records. Its relevance is based on the scarcity of written records of the mentioned period and the fact that they only describe the history of the Transfiguration churchyard in general, whereas archaeological data clarify certain moments of its history. Unfortunately, all the research combined since the beginning of excavation did not amount to much (approximately 220 sq.m), thus all available data were taken into consideration. The research conducted in 2010 is especially significant. The occupation layer next to the western monastery wall was examined through two exploratory shafts. The local area of the digging site totaled up to 18 sq.m. The exploratory shaft next to the Cathedral of the Holy Sign included a small pit and an earlier pit with a rod post from the cemetery fence, which dates back to an earlier period. The burials located to the east from the fence and dating back to the early 17th – late 18th centuries were explored. The other exploratory shaft, located 32 m south from the first one, offers a similar picture. The burials found through the second exploratory shaft date back to the same period. The finding of a female’s burial under the northern monastery wall, which demonstrates the direction the cemetery developed in, was also examined. Overall, the data obtained due to the excavation in 2010 allowed creating a working hypothesis concerning the purpose of the small pit in the first exploratory shaft (a place of worship) and providing further proof of the location of some churchyard boundaries: the northern one (a female’s burial) and the western one (the wooden fence remnants). The findings of posts in the upper horizons of the second exploratory shaft confirm that the boundaries of the cemetery (and later the monastery) did not undergo significant changes until the early 19th century. They were altered in the early 19th century with the construction of a stone fence approximately 3.5–4.5 m to the west from the former wooden fence.

Lecture on “Benefits, durability and maintenance of wooden fence”

Lecture on “Benefits, durability and maintenance of wooden fence”

The Murder of Peter Banford and the Campaign against the Freedmen’s Bureau in Kentucky’s Bluegrass Region

The Murder of Peter Banford and the Campaign against the Freedmen’s Bureau in Kentucky’s Bluegrass Region Rand Dotson (bio) On a bitter-cold February morning in 1866, five U.S. Army veterans from Garrard County, Kentucky, traveled by horseback from their homes to the town of Danville, in neighboring Boyle County.1 The men were bound for Danville to file the forms necessary to secure their military bounties for Civil War service. James W. Poor was among them. He was a twenty-eight-year-old bachelor, who, until enlisting in Thomas Bramlette’s Third Kentucky Infantry in the fall of 1861, worked his entire life on his father’s Garrard County farm. Poor served for three years, qualifying him for a bonus payment of $100, an amount in 1866 equal to around one-fifth his yearly income. The war was arduous for him—nearly 30 percent of the men in his company, many of them friends and neighbors, died in the conflict. Poor was semi-debilitated from injuries he suffered in the Atlanta campaign, during which he was wounded twice, the second time grievously enough to require several months of hospitalization. Not long after convalescing, he mustered out of the army, returned to Garrard County, and settled in the hamlet of Bryantsville, near his parents’ farm. A couple of the men with Poor on the trip to Danville that day were veterans of his company; two of the others were former Union [End Page 447] cavalrymen, one of whom was married to Poor’s younger sister. After completing their bounty paperwork, the men spent the day drinking in a saloon before departing for home on Danville & Pleasant Hill Pike. By then, according to several witnesses, Poor was not only severely intoxicated but also casually brandishing a large pistol. He was drunk and still miles from home when the group reached two Black laborers repairing a wooden fence fronting William H. Banford’s farm. As they passed by, Poor drew his pistol—a Colt Navy revolver—took aim at the head of one of the men, pulled the trigger, and sent a lead ball into his skull, killing him instantly. The gunshot and gore stunned Poor’s intoxicated companions, all of whom fled with him into Mercer County. William Banford, whose employee Poor shot, reported the murder to the Mercer County sheriff. Banford previously enslaved the victim—a recently freed slave named Peter Banford. George Banford, the man working alongside Peter Banford that afternoon, was also a former Banford family slave and a soldier in the 114th United States Colored Infantry at home on leave to visit his relatives. After taking William Banford’s statement, the sheriff arrested Poor and placed him in the county jail in Harrodsburg. The following day, deputies delivered him to the courthouse for his preliminary trial. George Banford was not present, nor would his attendance have mattered since laws that originated in Kentucky’s slave code prohibiting Black testimony against whites remained in effect after emancipation. With Banford unable to testify, Poor and his lawyer expected the judge to exonerate him or at worst to require a small bond for a trial that would never take place. Had the district’s Freedmen’s Bureau agent, Captain William Goodloe, not learned of the murder, that is assuredly what would have transpired. Instead, Goodloe summoned a detachment of heavily armed United States Colored Troops (USCT), halted the proceedings, and ordered Poor transported in irons to the military prison at Camp Nelson, a sprawling army base in nearby Jessamine County. Although troubled and confused by the Bureau’s confiscation of their prisoner, Mercer County officials did not attempt to stop Goodloe. Bewildered by what [End Page 448] he had seen, the sheriff reported the incident to Poor’s former commander, Kentucky Governor Thomas E. Bramlette, and asked him “what to do” since Poor was a civilian and the murder had occurred in a region not under the military’s control.2 [End Page 449] The killing of Peter Banford by James Poor, while horrifying and senseless, was not aberrant or particularly shocking in Kentucky in early 1866. Although the details of Banford’s murder may have been...

Last Air

Jeffrey Gray | 65 The road to the past is dirt with a slant wood fence that winds beside it down the hill. Calcium pours out of your bones into your tissue, salt burns like rope through your hands. Why wait another five minutes? you thought. After that, it was one foot in front of the other. * She had to have shopped for the hose, measured it, fit it with duct tape to the pipe and run it through the back seat, had to have chosen the spot, driven there, looked east over the freeway, smoked. poetry Last Air Jeffrey Gray 66 | Jeffrey Gray Had to have said goodbye to her cat, still in the house when the examiner arrived, must have studied, learned how long till sleep came, whether there’d be pain. She would have thought of the choices. No blood, no shock. Two years later, on a highway in New Jersey, standing in the exhaust to tie down 2 x 4’s, I thought: this was the last air she breathed. * Summer returns like a sleeping boy, the sky in the city is full again of the last air. Over the canal, over the wooden stairway sagging back of the house, over the gurney at the funeral home in the Fremont district, just the other side of the bridge Jeffrey Gray | 67 where Fred’s gallery perched in the desert of Seattle. On the bed an old pink quilt, its childish planets spinning. ...

Negotiating and Remembering the End of the World: Insights into Ancient People’s Responses to Sea-Level Rise

At the end of the last ice age (Last Glaciation) when vast land-based ice sheets melted, water poured into the ocean causing the sea level to rise 120 metres 15,000-6,000 years ago. For many coastal dwellers, this sea-level rise must have been calamitous, perhaps perceived as the end of the world. A key question is how people responded to this threat. Did they accept it or did they actively resist it and try to halt its progress? Insights from traditional stories in long-standing cultures in Australia, France and India suggest people not only recognised the threat from continuing sea-level rise but also that they sought various ways of stopping it. Two approaches to negotiating the challenge of rising sea level are identified – the spiritual and the practical. Spiritual practices appear probable but are difficult to elucidate because of an incomplete understanding of their material and societal context. Practical solutions are better understood, largely because of information in ancient stories. Some Aboriginal Australian stories explain practical measures taken by people, presumably more than 7,000 years ago, that include tossing hot rocks into the encroaching ocean and building wooden fences along the shoreline. Details in stories from France and India that recall times when coastal cities (like Ys in Brittany and Kusasthali-Dwaraka in northwest India) were submerged can help reconstruct a plausible narrative describing the interaction between sea-level rise and coastal settlements. It seems likely that stories about such settlements affected by sea-level rise recall times when they were significantly rebuilt with the intention of sustaining their functionality but that they were eventually overwhelmed by sea-level rise, their existence passing into the realm of legend. Modern coastal dwellers are threatened by sea-level rise. Understanding how this affected their ancestors can help overcome scepticism and a sense of helplessness and aid in the development and implementation of realistic adaptive strategies.

O que querem os personagens de Alameda?

Alameda (1963), de Astrid Cabral, é um livro composto por vinte contos, nos quais os protagonistas causam certo estranhamento no leitor (um grão de feijão; a terra de uma praça; uma cerca de madeira; etc.). Os narradores dos contos, quando em primeira pessoa, pertencem ao mundo vegetal. Suas sensações, anseios e vivências nos são relatados a partir de suas próprias vozes. E, quando em terceira pessoa, eles, muitas vezes, posicionam-se no mesmo nível dos personagens, recorrendo, em alguns casos, ao estilo indireto livre, como no conto “A orquídea de exposição”, por exemplo. Neste tipo de construção, realiza-se um processo de acercamento entre o humano e o vegetal, apresentando narradores com pontos de vista que podem ser considerados como híbridos, pois transitam entre os dois mundos. Levando em conta as particularidades dos personagens, buscou-se, neste estudo, estabelecer um processo de aproximação/distanciamento entre estes e o que é tido como concernente ao humano, o qual deu origem à questão que intitula este texto: O que querem os personagens de Alameda? Uma tentativa de resposta foi elaborada a partir do conceito de concepção de um projeto de existência, presente nos escritos do filósofo francês Jean-Paul Sartre, pertencente à escola existencialista, considerando, de forma pontual, dois elementos narrativos: o tempo e o espaço.

Understanding Structure Ignition Vulnerabilities Using Mock-up Sections of Attached Wood Fencing Assemblies.

Firebrand production from structure combustion becomes a key factor in the magnitude of how quickly a large outdoor fire may spread. Post-fire disaster investigations suggest that attached building components, such as wood fencing assemblies are known to be prone to ignition in these fires, and may provide pathways to structure ignition. Here, a comparison of ignition results from full-scale fencing assembly experiments conducted using a full-scale wind tunnel facility, to mock-ups of full-scale fencing assemblies using the recently developed experimental capability at the National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD) are discussed. In both experimental facilities, the fencing assemblies were exposed to firebrand showers using custom built continuous-feed firebrand generators with size and mass distributions similar to those generated from structure combustion. Similar ignition behaviors were observed between the full-scale fencing assemblies and the mock-up of full-scale fencing assemblies. Additional experiments are required for other fencing assembly types to further verify these important findings.

Fences in the borderland: technique, landscape and the architectures of domestication in the Brazilian-Uruguayan Pampa

Abstract Recent perspectives on domestication have emphasized the importance of technical objects and other environmental elements as mediators of the relations between humans, animals and the many landscapes they inhabit. Using the concept of “architecture of domestication”, proposed by Anderson and others (2017), this article investigates the role of alambrados (wire and wooden fences) in the context of animal husbandry in the Brazilian-Uruguayan Pampa, the technical processes involved in their construction, as well as the new configurations and uses for these structures that have emerged along with the biological invasion of European wild boars (Sus scrofa) in the region. I will show that the alambrados are key elements in the difference between positive direct action and negative indirect action in relation to the animals of the herd within the Pampeano system of domestication.

Penetrantna torakalna povreda u saobraćaju - prikaz slučaja

Introduction: Thoracic trauma requires intensive care treatment since in many cases it could have fatal outcome due to heart, lungs or major blood vessels injuries. Typically chest and internal body organs injuries are caused by falling from significant high, could be seen in firearm or in cold weapon injuries due to penetrating mechanism, but most often are seen in motor vehicle accidents. The case report of severe thoracic trauma which was successfully resolved upon treatment received from prehospital and hospital teams. 54 year old female patient has been injured in a traffic accident, under unclear circumstances, when her car hit the wooden fence. The ambulance arrived on 24-Jun-2017 at 17:45 after they received a call for traffic accident in which a female driver experienced severe trauma. The patient was found stabbed by a large spear-like piece of wooden fence in her right chest. Initial physical exam revealed unconscious female patient with heavy bleeding from the chest wound. Her Glasgow Coma Score was checked as 3. Patient appeared pale and hypotensive with blood pressure of 98/50 mmHg, heart rate of 104/min, and O2 saturation of 90%. The ambulance team performed initial hemostasis and stabilized the foreign body. IV cannula was inserted and normal saline therapy was initiated. Laryngeal Mask Airway was inserted and cervical spine was manually stabilized and the patient was immediately transported to the hospital. At admission patient was unconscious, with heart rate of 70/min and O2 saturation of 70%. Large part of wooden fence 1.5m in length, with rectangle shape (10cmx4cm), was found stabbed in the frontal area of the right chest, penetrating the right breast and exiting at the area of the right armpit. The patient was intubated, thoracic tube/drainage was inserted and foreign body was extracted. Upon performed MSCT of the head, neck, chest and abdomen the additional removal of necrosed tissue and thromboendarterectomy with anastomosis of right axillary artery was performed. The patient was put on mechanical ventilation on the same day at 19:40. During the hospital stay many specialist consultations were performed. On 06-Jul2017 right chest tube was removed. On 12-Jul-2017 left chest tube was removed and percutaneous tracheostomy was performed. On 20-Jul-2017 wound plastic surgery was done. On 21-Jul-2017 the patient was removed from the ventilator. On 26-Jul-2017 Vacuum Assisted Closure therapy was applied. On 08-Aug-2017 Thiersch procedure was done. On 16-Aug-2017 plastic tracheal tube was change for metal tube, which was removed on 28-Aug-2017. During the hospital stay patient received multiple antibiotic therapy, antifungal treatment, gastroprotective therapy, anticoagulant therapy, analgesic treatment, bronchodilator therapy, antihypertensive therapy, cardiovascular therapy, antiepileptic therapy, vitamin supplements, hormone substitution, crystalloid and colloid solutions support, and blood and plasma transfusions. The patient was receiving enteral nutrition during the hospital stay. She was discharged home on 01-Sep-2017. Conclusion: Severe thoracic trauma represents life threatening condition which requires multidisciplinary approach, both on prehospital and hospital levels, especially intrahospital in order to preserve life.

Wave Damping due to Wooden Fences along Mangrove Coasts

ABSTRACT Dao, T.; Stive, M.J.F.; Hofland, B., and Mai, T., 2018. Wave damping due to wooden fences along mangrove coasts. In the Mekong Delta, as in many other mangrove settings, wooden fences are considered beneficial coastal structures to provide sheltering for mangrove replantation efforts by reducing waves and currents and promoting sedimentation. One of the most quantitative previous studies on fence-induced wave reduction offered a first understanding of relevant process parameters. The present application of the advanced numerical time-domain wave model SWASH increases this understanding substantially and explains previously unexplained phenomena that were encountered in this earlier study. The findings reveal that wave damping increases with increasing fence thickness and with increasing density of the woody material in the fences. It further shows that the transmitted wave height (represented by the transmission coefficient) is inversely proportional to the Ursell number, implying that nonlinear ...

Factors influencing temporary wood waste generation in high-rise building construction

In Brazil, the use of wood in construction is primarily temporary, and it can represent a great percentage of construction waste. It is typically discarded with minimal reuse or recycling. As landfill wood disposal could result in methane emissions and/or leaching of hazardous constituents polluting water or soil, the implementation of temporary wood waste reduction strategies must be a critical issue for local construction companies. To manage and control wood waste generation, including setting some reduction goals, it is necessary to identify the influencing factors and ways to quantitatively predict their relative contributions. This study uses a multiple regression statistical model to estimate the amount of temporary wood waste generated in the construction of high-rise buildings by considering the influencing factors related to the design/construction as well as site and safety installations. The case study includes 22 high-rise residential buildings. The regression model predicted approximately 89% of the factors involved in the generation of wood waste in similar constructions. The dependent variables that had an influence on the amount of wood waste are related to design features (‘number of floors’), structural construction system (‘in situ moulded concrete volume’), and site and safety installations (‘site wood fence’ and ‘wood use rate’). Ways of minimising wood waste generation and the contributions of each type of temporary wood use were discussed.

5. Juego de palos venezolano, praxiología motriz y educación

El juego de palos venezolano, mejor conocido como juego de garrote, por lo general se ubica en un contexto folclórico-cultural vinculado con música, danza y religión (juego de la batalla). Es poco conocido en su origen utilitario, una esgrima maderera. Desde este enfoque, como un método de pelea, hay pocos estudios académicos; contiene un legado de aprendizajes, tradiciones y creencias, así como costumbres sociales y culturales que conforman la identidad nacional. Ello es fundamental para la educación. Este ensayo hace una descripción breve de dicho juego tradicional desde una perspectiva: la Praxiología Motriz, como un aporte para su conocimiento, comprensión, difusión e implementación de esta manifestación cultural. La experiencia desarrollada de quien escribe demuestra que puede ser usado como herramienta para la formación integral. Se busca estimular una veta de nuevas formas que puedan dar aportes a la educación, en particular en el área de la Educación Física

Tell el-Farkha. Archaeological Fieldwork 2016–2017

The paper discusses archaeological investigations carried out on all three tells making up the site of Tell el-Farkha, expanding on the findings from earlier seasons. Phasing of the brewery discovered four years ago on the Western Kom gave a time range for the use of the installation from the first Southern Egyptian occupation (Naqada IID) to the Naqada IIIA1/2–IIIB phase, when a catastrophic fire destroyed the entire settlement. The big Naqada warehouse on the Central Kom was also phased (beginning in Naqada IIIA1) and further parts of an underlying building attributed to the Lower Egyptian culture were explored, including a wooden fence around the structure. The 11 graves explored on the Eastern Kom were dated to the Tell el-Farkha Phase 6 (Naqada IIIC2–IIID). They cut into a building (temple?) from an earlier phase.