Wood Carving Research Articles

POTENSI, PENGEMASAN DAN MODEL SALURAN DISTRIBUSI PEMASARAN PAKET WISATA PEDESAAN DI DESA BATUBULAN KANGIN

Rural tourism development is very important to do because it is in line with the trend of sustainable tourism and the needs of new tourists. Batubulan Kangin Village has tourism potentials to develop as a rural tourism destination through a rural package tour. Mapping the village potential is very important to do to form a tour package. Marketing distribution channels need to be designed to reach the tourists as the consumer. The data were collected through observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation. The informants were determined by purposive sampling and used descriptive qualitative technique to analysed the data. The result of this research shows that the natural attraction of Batubulan Kangin Village is rice fields scenery. The cultural attraction consists of authentic Balinese Cooking Class, offerings making class, and the village’s structure. Artificial attractions consist of a rice skin peeling process, wood carving gallery, Balinese Dance Studio, elementary school, Jaje Sirat House Production, Dug-Dug Mong Statue, and Balinese house. The amenities consist of food and beverage provision by Tumang Cooking Class. The accessibility is very adequate, and the ancillary service is potentially provided by the local communities. That potential can be packaged into a Half-day Cultural Cycling Tour Around Batuyang Village and 3 Days 2 Nights Tour Exploring the Authentic Way of Batuyang Village’s Life. The tour packages are managed and marketed directly via the internet, as well as collaborating with tourism drivers, tour guides, Five Pillar Experiences, GODEVI, and market places as the indirect marketing distribution channel.

Local Wisdom as Stimulus for Interest of Young Generation Activators Micro Small and Medium Enterprises Carved Wood Crafts Sector

This study examines local wisdom as a stimulus for the interest of young generation activators Micro Small and Medium Enterprises carved woodcraft sector in Singakerta Village, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency. The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Bali and Indonesia in general experienced two main obstacles, namely capital, and marketing difficulties. Capital problems hamper Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises entrepreneurs to expand their businesses and advance class. This problem is very much related to financing access matters. The problem of this research is how local wisdom as a stimulus for the interest of young people driving the Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises in the wood carving sector in Singakerta Village, Ubud District, Gianyar. wood carving sector in Singakerta Village, Ubud District, Gianyar Regency. The current trend shows that access to financing for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises is predominantly based on the banking sector. The potential for financing through other sectors is still wide open with a wider access range. Financing through the non-banking sector (cooperatives, leasing, factories, pawning, capital markets), and other types of non-credit financing (grants, equity, insurance) have not been maximized by the government.

Cultural Resource Management of the Dying Ivory Craftsmanship as Reflected in the Wood Carving of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

Ivory carving from Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of the Indian state of Kerala, was once appreciated internationally for its outstanding craftsmanship. The origin of the industry can be traced back to 17th century CE or before that, and grew as a full-fledged industry under the patronage of the Maharajas of Travancore from the 19th century onwards. During olden days it was practiced by Brahmins and goldsmiths, and later by carpenters (achary) as well. Though they are very few in number, some craftsmen are now continuing the art on alternative to ivory such as rosewood, white cedar and, even more rarely, sandalwood. After the ban on ivory in 1990, this practice—emblematic of Intangible Cultural Heritage—looked to be on the brink of disappearing. In an example of Cultural Resource Management success, the traditional carvers of Thiruvananthapuram were shifted to sandalwood carving. Presently, sandalwood is a vulnerable species and extremely expensive. In addition to the threats mentioned in the UNESCO Paris convention (UNESCO 2003), some elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage are also disappearing due to the conflict that arises from the cultural use of endangered natural heritage resources. The aim of the current research is to analyze these problems and to formulate fruitful strategies for the safeguarding of the age-old craft with sustainable use of natural raw materials and alternative materials.

THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ADIGURU KRAF IN SUSTAINING THE HERITAGE OF MALAY WOOD CARVING WITH RESILIENT PRACTICES

This paper aims to elaborate on how the roles, responsibilities and good practices can join in the enterprise of sustaining the heritage of Malay wood carving as reflected in the case of Adiguru kraf (master craftsman), Abd. Muhaimin Hasbollah from Temerloh, Pahang. The rationale is that virtues of research in understanding the roles and responsibilities of Adiguru Kraf, through his craft practices in sustaining the heritage of Malay wood carving is relatively novel and vital for recognition. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to identify the key components of his involvements in sustaining the wood carving industry. This is essential as the Malay wood carving is traditionally associated with the making of craft that requires manual skill and craftsmanship, while its production is to exercise skill based on knowledge and experiences. A qualitative interview with Abd. Muhaimin was conducted and it has set out the context of a master craftsman, an inheritor of heritage carving and practices, in relation to his roles and responsibilities that reflect his title as Adiguru Kraf. The investigation has led to the understanding of his characteristics and how he produced his works with some levels of exclusiveness, peacefulness, and purposefulness. The outcome and contribution of the paper is a better understanding of the roles of the master craftsman, which may become inspiration for the younger generation of woodcarvers to excel in their profession. Understanding of his roles in relation to the professional virtues and craft production is essential because of the potential and value of eliciting and transmitting of his knowledge and skill for the development of wood carving craft and industry.

Utilization of machining technology in the production process of Jepara wood carving furniture

The wood carving furniture design that develops in Jepara, always tries to keep up with the universal global market demand. The production process of Jepara wood carving requires accuracy and speed without leaving good artistic value and beauty. Therefore, production machine technology is needed to be able to realize the results of research into the development of wood carving furniture design in accordance with global market expectations. This study aims to obtain an overview of production technology that can be implemented in the Jepara wood carving furniture production process, so as to produce a high quality product, an effective and efficient production process in accordance with consumer needs. The results of this study will be one of the references in the development of production facilities for making Jepara wood carving furniture.

My father’s Pitcairn

This examination of personal correspondence reveals not only how material exchanges were established between a small Pacific island and a burgeoning superpower, but also how a discourse network developed to support a friendly, informative relationship over 35 years. In 1958, my father, Spencer Scheckter, in New Jersey, United States, began a correspondence with John and Bernice Christian, on Pitcairn Island, that lasted until Bernice died in 1993. As the manager of a small-town department store, my father asked practical questions and solved logistical problems. A small trade developed: Spencer sent clothing and machine parts, and the Christians returned wood carvings and other souvenirs. The discourse network revealed in the material exchange rarely permits emotional depth or complexity, so that its shape is readily apparent – and its boundaries as well. On Pitcairn, the time period of the correspondence will later come under legal scrutiny, beginning in 1997, with allegations of rape and sexual abuse that eventually came to trial in 2004. While the investigations implicated the entire culture of the island, the Christians’ bounded discourse offers, perhaps more usefully, a clear picture of the complicated, interwoven negotiations that ageing individuals were required to perform in a small, closed society.

Ethnobotanical research of tree species used in wood carving in Southern Benin: Perspective for sustainable forest conservation

Background: This research aimed at assessing the diversity of timber species used in wood carving in southern Benin, identify various sources of wood as well as most species used. We also stated that wood is recorded as the most used part for carving. The scarcity or availability of species with quality wood and their causes in recent years were assessed. Carvers’ willingness to contribute to species conservation was also documented. With a perspective of sustainable forest conservation, the impact of wood carving activity on forests was also assessed. Methods: A preliminary survey was conducted to determine the number of wood carvers in three districts of Southern Benin. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from twelve wood carvers. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, mainly using percentages and mean. We determined the Use Value of the most used species for woods in order to assess their relative importance. Results: Twenty-two species were used in wood carving with most species having red or yellow wood. The purchase of wood in industrial markets was the predominant source, followed by the direct purchase from plantation and tree owners. Among the main woody species used including Diospyros mespiliformis, Chlorophora excelsa , Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea , the Use Value (i.e. relative importance in terms of diversity of uses) was the highest with G. arborea and C. excelsa . While most of carvers mainly accused logging of making wood scarce and destroying forests and plantations, only a minority (25%) own G. arborea and A. auriculiformis plantations. Carvers indicated their willingness to have plantations of T. grandis and G. arborea for personal use and trade. Promoting reforestation and timber species plantation are plausible through imntegrated policies, such as: (i). Developing appropriate silviculture; (ii). Sensitizing actors about forest conservation, the need for appropriate silviculture by giving priority to the quality of products and techniques at all stages; (iii). Strengthening forestry services capacities, consolidating technical achievements and monitoring forestry actions; (iv). Establishing, consolidating and developing sustainable self-promotion capacities of rural populations mainly women's groups, based on the integrated land development, beneficiaries' entrepreneurial participation and the commercialization chain promotion at community and regional scales (v). Creating and supporting institutional structures in monitoring learning; (vi). Promoting the advent of self-managed rural forestry based on the principle that reforestation really develops whether it can generate its own resources. Conclusions: A diverse range of tree species are used in carving in Southern Benin. The most used species were D. mespiliformis , C. excelsa , T. grandis and G. arborea . Gmelina arborea and C. excelsa had the highest Use Value. Carvers indicated their willingness to contribute to species plantation and conservation. Wood carving had an impact on forest and thus a need to promote reforestation and plantation, and to raise awareness with wood carvers on sustainable resource utilization and management. Key words: Fragmentation; Plantations;Reforestation; Use Value; Wood Carving

The State of the Kilis Quilt Art Today

Quilt is an art that has existed in the culture of every nation in the world and continues to exist today. The artists, craftsmen and apprentices engaged in this art are also trying to adapt the quilt art to today's modern life. The quilt is a large cover for covering, and the inside is a material that was previously filled with wool and now cotton or fiber and used to protect from the cold.
 There are handicrafts performed today in Kilis. Our handicrafts such as quilting, yemenism, embroidery, wickerwork, copper making, wire breaking and wood carving are among our arts.
 Time-varying patterns, composition and materials used are seen as a means of communication used to express people's ideas and thoughts to the environment. The motifs used in Kilis quilts originated from the stylization of objects around people and are today still mentioned by the people of Kilis with these names.
 With this field research, information about Kilis quilt art, tools and equipment used, patterns and meanings and their current status are collected and it is aimed to share this information as written literature.

The Development and Application of Wooden Materials in Turkish Arts

Wood is a kind of material that humanity has used continuously since the day it existed. Wood materials that have been used in many areas of life in the historical process has also been preferred in handicrafts. Moreover, these materials have been used continuously in Turkish Handicrafts from past to present. Especially the Anatolian Seljuks showed original examples of wood materials art in works such as pulpit, mihrab, sarcophagus, lectern, door, and window wings. Kündekari and wood carving technique, which is a kind of interlacing technique in decoration, has been applied in walnut, ebony, rose, and oak wood materials. On the other hand, different surface coating processes such as painting and polishing were applied to these materials for decoration. Wood art continued to increase with wood carving techniques such as inlay, openwork bonding, tarsi, and Edirnekari in the Ottoman. There has been an increase in the variety of wood materials used with the increasing techniques. Hence, original wood samples were given in Ottoman wood art with a variety of materials and rich decoration techniques.

Hubungan antara Minat dan Kebahagiaan menjadi Perajin Ukir Kayu Jepara

Since 2004-2015, there has been a decline in the number of Jepara woodcarvers. This phenomenon is allegedly caused by the lack of interest as woodcarvers. Ironically, those who are survive today, actually sell the carving at any price. The study about woodcarvers happiness was conducted to determine the effect of interest on happiness based on socioeconomic characteristics. The population of this study was all of the small-micro wood carving industries. The sampling was carried out using the stratified systematic sampling method with sample framework SE 2016 listing data. A total of 837 industry were allocated to 100 industry and were stratified into centers of 53 industries and non-centers of 47 industries. The analytical method used descriptive analysis and inferencing analysis. This study revealed that interest has a tendency to influence woodcarvers happiness, but the amount of income becomes its highest factor.

Informal aesthetic and pedagogical education of elderly people: in search of the solution of the problem of social orphanhood of children of preschool agency as a result of labor migration of parents

The article discusses the possibilities of organizing an informal aesthetic and pedagogical education of eldrly people in the context of finding ways to mitigate the problem of social orphanage in preschool children as a result of labor migration of parents.According to the results of a blitz-survey in pre-school educational institutions in Kharkov, it was found, that a large share of responsibility for the development and upbringing of children in the situation of the spread of the phenomenon of labor migration in Ukraine was assumed by senior family members and / or nannies, nurses, governesses, who at the same time experience certain difficulties due to the lack of pedagogical motivation, new methodological knowledge on the organization of educational activities with children, the ability to apply a creative approach to the development of a child’s personality, are not involved in mobile educational programs, aimed at the formation of modern, relevant in society labor skills in elderly people.To overcome the social orphanage of preschool children as a result of the labor migration of their parents, an educational project “The colorful world of childhood - with experienced hands” was developed, aimed at developing the ability of elderly people to take care of young people, developing their ability for artistic thinking, creativity, contributing to the formation of skills in the branches of drawing, coloration, practical graphics, decorative art and the basics of design, studying with them nature, the environment as an inexhaustible regular enrollment image otvorchogo art.The program for preparing elderly people to organize the artistic and aesthetic activities of preschoolers is fully adapted to classes at the “University of the Third Age” or other similar structures of adult informal education and provides an increase in the pedagogical potential of elderly people. Within the framework of the course, varied types (drawing, wood carving, wickerwork, pottery, quilling, etc.) and forms of organizing artistic and creative classes and pedagogical education of elderly people have been developed, as well as teaching students and listeners how to use the acquired artistic and creative skills in freelance and promotion of their own professional services. The project is designed for a long-term result - the systematic organization of a course of informal aesthetic and pedagogical education of elderly people as an important way to mitigate the problem of social orphanage of preschool children as a result of labor migration of parents

First evidence of microbial wood degradation in the coastal waters of the Antarctic

Wood submerged in saline and oxygenated marine waters worldwide is efficiently degraded by crustaceans and molluscs. Nevertheless, in the cold coastal waters of the Antarctic, these degraders seem to be absent and no evidence of other wood-degrading organisms has been reported so far. Here we examine long-term exposed anthropogenic wood material (Douglas Fir) collected at the seafloor close to McMurdo station, Antarctica. We used light and scanning electron microscopy and demonstrate that two types of specialized lignocellulolytic microbes—soft rot fungi and tunnelling bacteria—are active and degrade wood in this extreme environment. Fungal decay dominates and hyphae penetrate the outer 2–4 mm of the wood surface. Decay rates observed are about two orders of magnitude lower than normal. The fungi and bacteria, as well as their respective cavities and tunnels, are slightly smaller than normal, which might represent an adaptation to the extreme cold environment. Our results establish that there is ongoing wood degradation also in the Antarctic, albeit at a vastly reduced rate compared to warmer environments. Historical shipwrecks resting on the seafloor are most likely still in good condition, although surface details such as wood carvings, tool marks, and paint slowly disintegrate due to microbial decay.

La inscripción de la talla original de Nuestra Señora de Candelaria de las islas Canarias según las fuentes documentales impresas

La talla original de Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, descubierta en el municipio del mismo nombre en la isla de Tenerife (islas Canarias) en la primera mitad del siglo XV tenía en torno a doscientas letras latinas inscritas en su indumentaria. Lamentablemente dicha talla desapareció en la gran tormenta ocurrida los días 7 y 8 de noviembre de 1826, por lo que no podemos acceder al conocimiento directo de dichas letras. Solamente el análisis de las representaciones artísticas de la misma y de las fuentes textuales o impresas que las recogieran nos permitirá acceder al conjunto literario de la talla primera, acercamiento este último que recogemos en este artículo.

Norwegian wooden carved portals of the XI-XII centuries. The problem of the origin and development of style

The article is devoted to study of Art`s Early Medieval Scandinavia XI-XII centuries. This process is concerning with transitional from Late Viking Art to early Romanesque. The main focus is on the group of Norwegian wood carving portals. The system of portals decorum is the result of artistic interaction between late pagan art and art of Christianity. This process reflected in wooden portals of Norwegian stave churches and others monuments of Scandinavian wooden, stone sculptures and objects of applied art.

Development of wood carving furniture technology in Jepara

The majority of wood carving technology in Jepara is still conventional. The production process is done traditionally and manually (handmade), especially in wood carving that is applied to furniture. The impact is the production process becomes slow and the quality of the product cannot be achieved optimally. Optimization of production is needed to match the demands of the export market. Therefore, production technology is needed to meet the wants and needs of the export market. In this context, wood carving furniture that is designed for the export market should be realized with mass-processed machine technology solutions. The current development in Jepara that is happening is the production process in a modern way, but the product does not use carvings or decoration. Though wood carving can be made using a CNC router. Thus in the era of globalization, the development and design of wood carving furniture production technology in Jepara should properly use processes based on modern technology, machinery, skills, and mind-set changes as industrial products, including the development of human resources. In this case: training, coaching and mentoring should be done continuously, both by the government, universities and associations. This qualitative research uses a multidisciplinary approach, namely: technology, marketing, and design.

Investigating the Layer Structure and Insect Tunneling on a Wooden Putto Using Robotic-Based THz Tomography

The restoration of an art object should be as minimal as possible but also as much as necessary. A previous accurate analysis of the object is therefore essential. In the present work, we show how THz time-of-flight tomography can contribute to the determination of the actual state of a three-dimensional object. We investigated the sub-surface structure of a wooden putto (wood carving of an infant) with a robotic THz time-domain system. With the system it is possible to investigate delamination of polychrome and preparation layers as well as damages on the wooden substrate due to insect tunneling. In addition, the technique enables the restorer to find hidden damages of the object that cannot be seen by visual inspection only.

Съвременна миниатюрна дърворезба. Теми и сюжети в творчеството на Кирил Томанов

Contemporary miniature wood carving and its place on the scene of visual arts today. The main themes and motifs in the miniature carvings by Kiril Tomanov are discussed, as well as the materials used by the author. The article analyzes the complex compositions which the artist has made in order to creatively interpret biblical narratives.

Antisipasi Pada Keluhan Low Back Pain Dapat Mengurangi Kelelahan dan Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja

Low back pain has become a central issue of physiological health. Almost all the discussion of musculoskeletal complaints places more emphasis on the need to pay attention to the importance of health in the lower back. One of the causes of workers' complaints on the lower back is a less natural posture when on the move. The impact that is most easily observed as a result of the emergence of low back pain is the emergence of fatigue and decreased work motivation. Observation of the impact of low back pain on workers was examined using the same subject design. The subject are 11 people who work as wood carving artists. In period 1 the subjects worked in conventional working conditions, while in period 2 the subjects were given treatment, namely anticipation of complaints of low back pain, working in ergo-anthropometric working conditions, ie given ergonomic work tables and chairs with additional nutrition intake, active rest and work uniform. The fatigue variable was measured using a 30 items rating scale questionnaire and crafters' motivation was measured by a questionnaire on 4 Likert scales. Data analysis begins with descriptive analysis and normality test data with ShapiroWilk. Data with normal distribution are used t-paired analysis and data with abnormal distribution use Wilcoxon test. In this study it was found that ergo-anthropometric working conditions can reduce fatigue by 27.34% and increase work motivation by 20.39%. It can be concluded that efforts to anticipate complaints of low back pain can reduce fatigue and maintain work motivation of carving craftsmen.

FACTORS OF INFLUENCE IN CHOOSING ACCOMMODATION: A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO MAS VILLAGE, AN ARTISTIC HERITAGE VILLAGE IN UBUD - BALI

This paper attempts to identify the factors that influence foreign tourists to choose accommodations in Mas Village – an artistic heritage village in Ubud, Bali. As the accommodations are in the village, tourists’ motive in choosing accommodation may be different from accommodations in the big cities. The research took place in Mas Village, considering this village has been experiencing a big spike in the growth of tourists accommodation, while based on the data of 2012 until 2017 – the 87 percents of the tourists who visit this village are foreign tourists. It is known that Mas Village is one of villages in Bali fundamentally identified as an artistic countryside by focusing in artistic of wood carving since 1930s. Primary data is collected from the foreign tourists as respondents who stay in accommodations in Mas Village during June 2019, then the data is analysed using Factor analysis. The result of the factor analysis shows that location emerges as the key factor that influences tourists in choosing accommodation among three others factors. Additionally, an interesting finding from the study is how local touch and security form as one factor. By understanding the influence factors, those accommodations in Mas Village will be able to develop marketing strategies that appeal to this segment of tourists and create meaningful points of differences. However, as this research is focusing in foreign tourists, the future studies concerning how domestic tourists choose their accommodation in Mas Village is highly expected, in order to compare with foreign tourists’ perspective in this research.

Iconografía y práctica artesana. Las puertas de las iglesias de Cuenca (Ecuador)

El presente trabajo aborda el estudio iconográfico y simbólico de las puertas de entrada a las iglesias históricas de Cuenca, en Ecuador. Como verdadera carta de presentación del edificio, tales obras constituyen para los fieles un paso previo de preparación espiritual, a tenor de unas representaciones en madera tallada, figurativas y emblemáticas, que conjugan lo religioso y político, lo erudito y popular, para así determinar un conjunto homogéneo de notable originalidad.