Anger In Women Research Articles

Book Reports on Triggers, Targets, Consequences of Women's Anger

Book Reports on Triggers, Targets, Consequences of Women's Anger

Women's growth in connection: writings from the Stone Center

Part I, A Developmental Perspective. The Development of Women's Sense of Self, Miller. Women and Empathy: A Basic Concept in Development, Jordan, Surrey & Kaplan. The A Theory of Women's Development, Surrey. Empathy and Self Boundaries, Jordan. The Meaning of Mutuality, Jordan. Beyond the Oedipus Complex: Mothers and Daughters, Stiver. Women's Self-Development in Late Adolescence, Kaplan & Gleason. Part II, Applications. The Meanings of Dependency in Female-Male Relationships, Stiver. Relationship and Empowerment, Surrey. The Construction of Anger in Women and Men, Miller. Women and Power, Miller. The Self-in-Relation: Implications for Depression in Women, Kaplan. Work Inhibitions in Women, Stiver. Eating Patterns as a Reflection of Women's Development, Surrey. The Meaning of Care: Reframing Treatment Models, Stiver. Female or male Therapists for Women: New Formulations, Kaplan. Empathy, Mutuality, and Therapeutic Change: Clinical Implications of a Relational Model, Jordan.

Toward a new conceptualization of women's anger

Most theorizing about women's anger has been based on cases of troubled women who sought psychotherapy. However, theories derived from clinical practice have subsequently been phrased in terms of women in general, with no disclaimer regarding their origin. Empirical evidence refutes many widely accepted assumptions and theories about women's anger. In this article, the hydraulic model of emotion is rejected, and existential and cognitive-behavioral theories are used as the basis for a new middle-range theory of women's anger. Both trait anger (general propensity to become angry) and modes of anger expression are included in the model. Appraisal concepts, modifying factors, and outcome variables are described. The model awaits use by clinicians and validation by researchers in the 1990s.

Women's studies courses: Pragmatic and political issues concerning their establishment and design

When attempting to establish women's studies courses within institutions of higher education, women face a traditional power structure designed to obstruct movements for change. Four factors relevant to a power analysis of this situation are status, concrete resources, expertise and self-confidence. These factors are defined and examined in relation to the fight to establish women's studies courses. Within this background the issue of men as ‘patrons’ as teachers and as students, and the fact of women's anger are examined. Many arguments forwarded by conservative patriarchal institutions are discussed. The paper emerges from the experiences of the author in three universities. It is aimed at clarifying some of the traps set for women so that other women can eliminate any fears that their experiences are idiosyncratic or ‘their fault’ rather than part of a formalized power game.

Doubling, women's anger, and genre†

Doubling, women's anger, and genre†

Women's Anger and Feminist Therapy

Women's anger is of crucial interest to feminist therapy for several reasons. First and most important, it exists and it is huge. Second, most people, including women who are beginning to experience their own anger, are very threatened by it. In terms of therapeutic strategy, it is important to remember that many women clients live with other people, who are likely to fear their anger, and who will work against the efforts of the therapist. For the client herself, an atmosphere of permission and safety for exploring this anger is very important. Third, anger provides a source of constructive energy which can be extremely useful to women who are trying to change themselves and/or their life situations. A depressed or apathetic client has, by the nature of her depression or apathy, very little energy available to change. An angry client who is not totally panicked by the extent of her anger can use it as a source of strength. The trap into which we therapists must not fall is that of believing our work is completed once we have helped our clients realize the depth of their anger. We also have an obligation to provide help in working through the rage and gaining control of some of the factors that feed it. As a long-term state, rage is difficult to live with and unpleasant to feel. It is also often counterproductive; that is, it produces effects opposite to those desired.