Anger In Women Research Articles

Pauline Johnson's “As It Was in the Beginning” and Drew Hayden Taylor'sThe Night Wanderer:The Gothic Tradition in Canadian Indigenous Literature

In this article, I comment on what the connection between Pauline Johnson's short story “As It Was in the Beginning” and Drew Hayden Taylor's novel The Night Wanderer indicates about the existence of the Gothic in Indigenous Canadian literature. Both texts, I argue, are anti-colonial projects that specifically figure female Indigenous rage as a direct result of colonialism. This decolonization is accomplished in both texts in terms of two specific plots: the gendering of Indigenous women's anger and a focus on olfaction that signals the character's unceasing attachment to a homeland.

"Turning Anger into Knowledge": Exploring Anger and Advocacy With Women Educators

In exploring the connections among gender, schooling, and knowledge, this paper draws upon bodies of work which have been examined many times. However, the purpose of this essay is to frame a new question and begin to consider the relationships between and the effects of the silencing or expression of anger in women and their work as educators. The roots of this inquiry are located in my girlhood as I witnessed the various women in my life and their relationships with anger. But the questions framed here emerge from two particular action research projects, the "Women Teaching Girls Project" and the "Exploring Gender and Knowledge Project." Each consisted of a series of retreats designed to enable educators to identify and reflect on how their gender socialization and gendered knowledge informed their educational practice. In the first of these projects, consisting only of women, the discussion of anger was prominent. While this particular project was completed several years ago, I have returned to the data from this work, as well as theoretical work on gender and anger, in order to consider the value of anger in the educational work of women.

The power of status: What determines one's reactions to anger in a social situation?

The present study examined how social status and gender determine anger expression and behavioral reactions toward experienced anger. In two experiments, anger was induced in a staged social interaction. Behavioral anger reactions were judged by observers. In Experiment 1 (equal status condition; N=110) participants were provoked by a confederate, in Experiment 2 (low status condition; N=116) participants were provoked by the experimenter. We found that participants expressed their anger to a lesser extent, were less resistant, and engaged in submissive behaviors if they had a lower status than the anger-target. As expected, gender had a moderating effect: While women's anger reactions were affected by having a lower status than the anger-target, men's anger reactions were affected by low status only when interacting with a female anger-target. Our findings provide new evidence regarding behavioral reactions to anger.

The Lived Experience of Anger in Elderly Women with Aggressive Tendency

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the essential structure of the lived experience of aggressive elderly women’s anger. Methods Seven elderly women with aggressive tendency were interviewed. Colaizzi analysis of phenomenological research was applied. Results The meaning of experiences were identified as four categories from eight theme clusters and fourteen themes. The four categories were ‘Lamenting over life that has been disrespected’, ‘Uncontrollable and deep resentment’, ‘Rationalization for anger’, ‘Embers of the fire that have never been extinguished’. Conclusion The findings of this study reveal a close similarity between the anger of older women and the anger of different age groups. However, this study is significant because the data came from an in-depth examination of aggressive older women's anger vented in the Korean social-cultural context, offering ample understanding of this anger. The results of this study can be used to develop diverse physical, psychological and social programs to help older women control and relieve their anger and have a healthier lifestyle. 주요어: 공격성, 여성, ë ¸ì¸, ë¶„ë ¸, ì§ˆì  연구 Key Words: Aggression, Women, Aged, Anger, Qualitative research

Associations between bride price obligations and women's anger, symptoms of mental distress, poverty, spouse and family conflict and preoccupations with injustice in conflict-affected Timor-Leste

ObjectivesBride price is a widespread custom in many parts of the world, including in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. We hypothesised that problems relating to the...

The Impact of Gender, Culture, and Society on Korean Women's Mental Health

I review the issue of Korean women's anger from the perspectives of gender, culture, and society, and describe the influences of those factors on the women's mental health. Hwa-byung (HB) is a Korean culture-bound syndrome that translates into English as an anger disorder. In Korea, middle-aged women are the mostly highly represented societal group with HB, the symptoms of which are connected with complex psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social disabilities. In this paper, associations among elements related to Korean women's anger and HB are examined within the frameworks of gender, culture, and society. I concluded that the issue of Korean women's anger is not limited to its own context but is part of the wider issues of gender, culture, and society. These issues produce many difficulties, amplify problems, and generate interrelated women's mental health concerns.

Maternal Punitive Reactions to Children's Negative Emotions and Young Adult Trait Anger: Effect of Gender and Emotional Closeness

The current study tested whether young adult's recollected reports of their mother's punitive reactions to their negative emotions in childhood predicted anger expression in young adulthood and whether emotional closeness weakens this association. Further, a three-way interaction was tested to examine whether emotional closeness is a stronger protective factor for young women than for young men. Results revealed a significant three-way interaction (gender × emotional closeness × maternal punitive reactions). For young men, maternal punitive reactions to negative emotions were directly associated with increased anger expressions. Maternal punitive reactions to young women's negative emotions in childhood were associated with increased anger in adulthood only when they reported low maternal emotional closeness. Findings suggest that maternal emotional closeness may serve as a buffer against the negative effects of maternal punitive reactions for women's anger expression in young adulthood.

Anger in women treated with assisted reproductive technology (ART): effects on mother and newborn

Objective: To assess anger, as well as other negative emotions, in women who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) respect to women who conceived naturally, and explore the effect of anger on neonatal outcomes.Methods: We recorded personal and obstetric history of the patients, neonatal weight, Apgar score, obstetric and neonatal complications. We performed Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-SCID I and II in order to assess the DSM IV axis I and axis II, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 (STAXI-2), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety scale (SAS).Results: On the STAXI-2 scale, the ART group scored higher than the natural conception group on measures of general tendency and personality disposition to get angry. Moreover, the ART group women showed quite low levels of tolerance to negative environmental feedback. Our results further suggest that trait anger provides the most meaningful contribution as predictor of weight at birth. No significant differences were found for anxiety and depression between the two groups.Conclusions: Our study highlights the important role of anger during pregnancy, and suggests the need for further studies on both biochemical and behavioural patterns in larger samples of women who became pregnant by ART.

Enhanced sensitivity and response bias for male anger in women with borderline personality disorder

Interpersonal difficulties, which are characteristic of Borderline personality disorder (BPD), may be related to problems with social cognition. We explored facial emotion recognition in 44 women (15 with BPD, 15 healthy controls, and 14 with a history of childhood trauma but no BPD) examining the role of BPD and abuse history in the ability to detect fearful, angry and happy cues in emotional faces. In Task 1, participants viewed pictures of morphed faces containing different percentages of specific emotions and reported the emotion they saw. In Task 2, participants were asked to increase the intensity of a specific emotion on an initially neutral face until they could detect that emotion in the face. Across both tasks, BPD predicted the earlier detection of anger in male faces. BPD symptoms also predicted the misidentification of anger in male faces containing no anger cues. Although participants with BPD were slower to recognize happiness in male faces, their overall ability to recognize happiness was unimpaired. Abuse history did predict problems with happiness recognition. Finally, recognition of fear was unrelated to abuse history and BPD. Findings suggest that BPD is associated with a bias toward seeing anger in males and that this is independent of abuse history.

Anger in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Its relations with premenstrual dysphoric disorder and sociodemographic and clinical variables

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate anger and anger levels in women meeting the criteria of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and to determine the relation between anger levels and the severity of PMDD and other variables. Methods50 women meeting the criteria of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and 50 healthy controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic, familial and reproductive period characteristics of the women participating in the study were recorded. All subjects were administered the State–Trait Anger Scale and Premenstrual Syndrom Scale scales. ResultsA significant difference was found between the Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder group and the healthy control group in terms of Premenstrual Syndrom Scale scores and anger sub scores. When the state trait anger scale scores were examined, it was seen that subscles had higher scores compared to healthy women. In Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder group; there was a positive correlation between Premenstrual Syndrom Scale scores and trait anger, anger-in and anger control scores. ConclusionsAnger appears to be an important problem that makes life more difficult for subjects with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Wide-scale further studies focused on anger and its relation with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder are needed to develop ways of coping with anger in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder.

Posttraumatic stress disorder and partner-specific social cognition: A pilot study of sex differences in the impact of arginine vasopressin

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with problems in intimate relationships, partly due to deficits in social cognition. In this study, the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the link between PTSD and partner-specific social cognition was examined. Participants were 24 individuals from 12 heterosexual couples in which at least one partner exhibited clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Attention to partner expressions of anger was examined as an indicator of distress and need for affiliative behaviors to repair the relationship bond. AVP administration improved the speed of men's attentional engagement with their partners’ expressions of anger and alleviated the negative impact of PTSD on this social cognitive process. Further, men's morning urinary AVP levels were negatively correlated with their PTSD severity. No such effects were found among women or for attention to unfamiliar men's or women's anger expressions. Thus, the AVP system may function in the relationship problems associated with PTSD.

Do angry women choose alcohol?

Women's alcohol treatment usually includes anger management, predicated on the hypothesis that anger increases their drinking. Studies show strong association between anger and drinking but to date there is no laboratory support for this hypothesis. We examined effects of a “female-specific” anger provocation on young adult women's drinking behavior by randomly assigning 30 women (age 21–30) to one of two conditions: Provocation (n=15) or Non-Provocation (n=15). In the Provocation condition, a female confederate was both annoying and condescending to the participant for 8min. A manipulation check showed heightened anger and hostility (but not anxiety or depression) in the Provocation participants. In a subsequent taste-task, all participants could drink placebo “beer” and ginger ale. When the data analysis controlled for participants' baseline negative emotions, Provocation participants consumed more “beer” (M=172.33ml, SD=78.90) than did Non-Provocation participants (M=118.60ml, SD=75.74) (p<.04), with no differences in ginger ale consumption. Results support a causal relationship between young women's anger and their specific choice to drink alcohol.

Anger in the Trajectory of Healing From Childhood Maltreatment

When a girl is abused during childhood, she may not experience anger, only helplessness or numbness. Only later may the emotion of anger surface. Little is known about anger cognitions or behaviors as they occur across the years of the healing trajectory from childhood maltreatment. Data for the present secondary analysis were derived from a large narrative study of women thriving in adulthood despite childhood abuse. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the phenomenon of anger and its role in the recovery process of 6 midlife women. The 6 cases were purposefully selected because their interviews contained rich descriptions of anger experiences. Because each woman was interviewed 3 times over a 6- to 12-month period, 18 transcripts were available for in-depth examination. A typology was constructed, depicting 5 types of anger. Anger ranged from nonproductive, self-castigating behavior to empowering, righteous anger that enabled women to protect themselves from further abuse and to advocate for abused children. Study findings are relevant to extant theories of women's anger and feminist therapies.

Testosterone and mood dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome compared to subfertile controls

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been found to suffer from fertility problems and mood dysfunction. To control for any effect of fertility problems, the present study compared mood dysfunction in women with PCOS to non-PCOS women with fertility problems. Seventy-six women with PCOS and 49 subfertile controls reported their anxiety, depression and aggression levels, and the relationship between mood and testosterone (T) was assessed. Controlling for age and BMI using MANCOVA, women with PCOS were significantly more neurotic (had difficulty coping with stress) than controls, had more anger symptoms, were significantly more likely to withhold feelings of anger and had more quality of life problems related to the symptoms of their condition (acne, hirsutism, menstrual problems and emotions). In a subgroup of 30 women matched on age, BMI and ethnicity, it was found that women with PCOS were significantly more anxious and depressed than controls. T was not generally correlated with mood states. This is the first study to identify problems with neuroticism and withholding anger in women with PCOS. These mood problems appear to be mainly attributable to PCOS symptoms, though other factors, such as hypoglycaemia, cannot be ruled out.

Autonomic function, voice, and mood states

The present study examined the relationships among cardiovascular autonomic, acoustic, and mood states in resting young subjects. A total of 75 college students (men:women=53:22), aged 19-24years, were enrolled in this study. Each subject was asked to complete the profile of mood states and to produce a sustained vowel sound (/a/) for 3s to calculate acoustic parameters. We calculated pulse rate variability (PRV) parameters such as low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), total power (TP) and the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power (LF/HF) by analyzing peak-to-peak intervals detected by photoplethysmography. Sympathovagal balance-related parameters such as LF/HF were dominant indicators of fatigue in men and women, whereas LF and HF were indicative of depression and anger in women. In terms of acoustic parameters, shimmer and standard deviation of the fundamental frequency (SD F (0)), which were related to roughness and instability in voice quality, were indicative of tension and depression in men and women. The results of this study suggest that mood states in resting young subjects can be estimated from PRV and acoustic parameters.

Testing Women's Propensities to Leave Their Abusive Husbands Using Structural Equation Modeling

Many Korean women are just beginning to recognize that what they considered to be normal treatment is actually domestic violence. Many are becoming more intolerant of the abuse and more likely to desire to leave an abusive relationship. The aim of this study was to test, using the framework of sociostructural and psychological-relational power (PRP), a model of Korean women's propensities to leave their abusive husbands. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to test relationships between variables chosen from the sociostructural power and PRP to explain intolerance to abuse. Married Korean women (n = 184) who self-identified as being abused physically, psychologically, sexually, or financially participated in the study. The multigroup analysis revealed that the relationship of abuse and Hwa-Byung (a culture-bound syndrome that denotes Korean women's anger) with intolerance was supported for women with low education (defined as having an education of high school or less: < or =12 years); also for this group, particularly among the younger women, high power was related to high levels of reported abuse and abuse intolerance. For women in the high-education group (education beyond high school: > or =13 years), high power was related to abuse, Hwa-Byung, and abuse intolerance; age did not influence power. Overall, the multigroup model adequately fitted the sample data (chi2 = 92.057, degree of freedom = 50, p = .000; normal fit index = .926, comparative fix index = .964, root mean square error of approximation = .068, Hoelter's critical number = 152), demonstrating that education is a crucial moderator of Korean women's attitude toward the unacceptability of abuse and propensity to terminate the marriage. This study found support for a model of abuse intolerance using the framework of sociostructural power and PRP, primarily for the low-education group. Hwa-Byung was a mediating factor that contributed to intolerance to abuse in women with low education. This study highlights the importance of understanding the cultural assumptions that guide Korean women's beliefs and behaviors about abuse intolerance, suggesting that effective intervention programs should be specific to age and education, including a focus on resource availability, which could clarify the variations in Korean women's responses to abuse intolerance.

Effects of posttraumatic stress disorder status and covert hostility on cardiovascular responses to relived anger in women with and without PTSD

Previous literature has found greater heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) responses during relived anger, and a positive association between covert hostility and relived anger, in male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated hostility and cardiovascular responses to a relived anger task in 120 women (70 with PTSD and 50 without PTSD). Women with PTSD reported greater hostile beliefs and covert hostility than non-PTSD controls, reported greater anger and anxiety during the anger recall task, and had higher resting HR. In general, the relationship between PTSD and cardiovascular response was moderated by covert hostility, which was associated with greater baseline diastolic BP and greater HR during relived anger and anger recovery among women with PTSD, but not among non-PTSD controls. Results suggest that the relationship between PTSD and cardiovascular response is moderated by hostility.

Darstellungsmuster und Typen von Zorn in der Historiographie. Die ‚Antapodosis‘ Liudprands von Cremona

In this article, I propose to see the emotion of anger in the ‘Antapodosis’ by Liudprand of Cremona as an important means of assessing characters. By depicting the anger of the Ottonian kings as just and predictable, Liudprand shows how the ideal ruler should behave. He uses various examples from the Old Testament and especially the Deuterocanonical books of the Maccabees to present the anger of the Ottonian kings in the same fashion. In his vision, the negative counterpart to the Ottonians is played by the Italic kings, who show their unworthiness precisely through the inept and tyrannical use of anger. In addition to this, Liudprand writes about aristocratic anger-management as well as the anger of women. Although a man of the church, Liudprand shows himself to understand and to use the code of honour which applied to noblemen in conflicts. Women do not, on the contrary, show unmediated anger. Their emotion is mixed with grief and tears.

“How Will They Ever Heal …?” Bearing Witness to Abuse and the Importance of Female Community in Sarah Daniels'sBeside Herself,Head-Rot Holiday, andThe Madness of Esme and Shaz

In her three women-and-madness plays, Beside Herself, Head-Rot Holiday, and The Madness of Esme and Shaz, Sarah Daniels presents conflicting views of female madness. While she is critical of a society that labels women's anger or refusal to conform as madness, she goes beyond the simplistic view of women's madness as misogyny to show the severe psychological pain suffered by women who have been the victims of verbal, physical, and particularly, sexual abuse. Healing from this type of abuse, Daniels suggests, is only possible through homosocial bonds with other women. Moments where women remain silenced and even complicit in the patriarchal systems and cycles of abuse that oppress, harm, and stifle all women are contrasted in these plays with those moments in which there is potential for change through speech and through women's support of one another, and it is through this contrast, through both the presence and the absence or subversion of testimony and community in these plays, that Daniels appeals to her audience and stresses that the only way forward for women who have endured such trauma is the establishment of an attentive and supportive female community.

"How Will They Ever Heal . . .?" Bearing Witness to Abuse and the Importance of Female Community in Sarah Daniels's Beside Herself, Head-Rot Holiday , and The Madness of Esme and Shaz

In her three women-and-madness plays, Beside Herself, Head-Rot Holiday , and The Madness of Esme and Shaz , Sarah Daniels presents conflicting views of female madness. While she is critical of a society that labels women's anger or refusal to conform as madness, she goes beyond the simplistic view of women's madness as misogyny to show the severe psychological pain suffered by women who have been the victims of verbal, physical, and particularly, sexual abuse. Healing from this type of abuse, Daniels suggests, is only possible through homosocial bonds with other women. Moments where women remain silenced and even complicit in the patriarchal systems and cycles of abuse that oppress, harm, and stifle all women are contrasted in these plays with those moments in which there is potential for change through speech and through women's support of one another, and it is through this contrast, through both the presence and the absence or subversion of testimony and community in these plays, that Daniels appeals to her audience and stresses that the only way forward for women who have endured such trauma is the establishment of an attentive and supportive female community.