Women's Intentions Research Articles

To Enhance, or not to Enhance: The Situational Context Shapes Women's Intentions on Amount and Diligence of Makeup Application.

Makeup is a tool that women use to shape their image and gain benefits in both inter- and intrasexual selection. As makeup enables the hiding or enhancing of facial features, it allows women to strategically shape impressions in a given context. It affects interpersonal perceptions, workplace impressions, and can attract romantic partners. However, research has primarily focused on examining everyday makeup use, although the amount and type of makeup can vary depending on the situation and the motivation to make an impression. In two studies, we investigated how the intended amount and application of makeup differ depending on various situational contexts. Specifically, in Study 1 (N = 533), we explored the everyday and party contexts, while in Study 2 (N = 400), we additionally introduced the contexts of mating and threat. The results show that: 1) women intend to put on more makeup in a more diligent way in party contexts compared to everyday contexts, 2) the intended diligence of makeup application is the highest in contexts were women expect an attractive man to be present, and the lowest when a threatening context is introduced, 3) these effects are partially or fully mediated by women's motivation to make an impression, and 4) neither sociosexual orientation nor appearance orientation significantly moderated the obtained effects. Our studies extend previous research on makeup application as an appearance-enhancing or worsening strategy by further investigating the signaling function of women's makeup and its strategic use in various situational contexts. We discuss the results from a functional evolutionary perspective.

기업가정신 교육이 창업의도에 미치는 영향

By using data from the Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation's 2022 Entrepreneurship Survey, this study examines the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions by focusing on the gender differences. The results show that entrepreneurship education has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. When analyzing the moderating effect of gender, there is no significant difference between men and women in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. When analyzing only the female sample, entrepreneurship education has a significant positive effect on women's entrepreneurial intentions, and the moderating effects of network and entrepreneurial experience are significant in the relationship between entrepreneurship education and women's entrepreneurial intentions. In the case of men, the main effect of entrepreneurship education was significant, but the moderating effects of network and entrepreneurial experience were not significant. These results suggest that women's entrepreneurship education needs to be diversified. Implications for policy makers were discussed, and areas for future research outlined.

Using a validated instrument to assess pregnancy planning and preconception care at antenatal booking visits: a retrospective cohort study.

To determine the completion rate for the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP), a psychometrically validated measure of a woman's intention with regard to a current or recent pregnancy, during booking visits at two metropolitan antenatal care clinics; to identify socio-demographic characteristics associated with unplanned pregnancy. Retrospective cohort study; analysis of LMUP data for women attending antenatal care booking consultations as public patients in the Sydney Local Health District, 31 December 2019 - 30 November 2020. Proportions of women with LMUP scores indicating unplanned (0-9) or planned pregnancies (10-12); associations between planned pregnancy and socio-demographic characteristics, crude and adjusted for age, parity, and socio-economic status (Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage). Of 4993 women with antenatal care bookings, the LMUP was completed by 2385 (47.8%; 1142 of 3564 women at the tertiary referral hospital [32.0%], 1118 of 1160 at the secondary hospital [96.3%]). Planned pregnancies were indicated by the total LMUP scores of 1684 women (70.6%); 1290 women (59.1%) reported no health actions in preparation for pregnancy. In multivariable analyses, planned pregnancies were more likely in all age groups than for women aged 24 years or younger (30-34 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76-3.66; 35-39 years: aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.95-4.33). The likelihood of planned pregnancy declined with increasing parity (v no previous births: three previous births: aOR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.16-0.40; four or more previous births: aOR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05-0.19). Seven in ten women who completed the LMUP had planned their pregnancies, but fewer than half had undertaken health-related actions prior to conceiving. Higher parity was associated with unplanned pregnancy, indicating the importance of postpartum contraception advice. Overcoming barriers to implementing the LMUP more widely would enhance preconception health monitoring.

Research on the Factors Influencing of Chinese Female Consumers' Purchase Intention in Live Streaming E-commerce

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate factors affecting Chinese female consumers' purchase intention in Live streaming e-commerce
 Theoretical framework: In the e-commerce live streaming room, anchors, products and scenes will affect the perceived value of consumers from multiple angles, and then affect the purchase intention. 
 Design/methodology/approach: In order to examine the relationship between anchors, products, streaming room atmosphere, etc. women's purchase intention, we designed survey questions, tested ten hypotheses, and used regression analysis to summarize the research results. Research results: SPSS statistical software was used to investigate the correlation between independent variables and the above hypotheses by principal component analysis . It showed that there was a definite relationship between the communication mode of anchors, anchor popularity, anchor interaction, product value information, product price discount, brand awareness, brand awareness, Live streaming atmosphere and female purchase intention. 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: For all participants in live streaming e-commerce, it is necessary to fully understand what factors will affect the consumption willingness of Chinese women.
 Originality/Value: Under the mode of "e-commerce + live network broadcast", academic research on the purchase intention or behavior of Chinese female consumers in live e-commerce broadcast is scarce. This paper draws relevant conclusions through a certain number of hypothesis tests, which is a supplement to the research on consumers' purchase intention under the background of network broadcast.

The relevance of knowledge, perception, and factors that influence contraceptive use among married women living in Uaddara Barracks, Ghana.

Contraceptive use has many advantages for personal growth and societal advancement, but there is still the problem of unmet needs for women, which highlights the gap between women's reproductive intentions and contraceptive use. This study investigated knowledge, perceptions, and factors that influence contraceptive use among married women living in a military base in Ghana. This cross-sectional study involved 350 married women between the ages of 20 and 58 years at the Uaddara Barracks, Kumasi. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the background, knowledge, perceptions on contraceptive use, and contraceptive methods used by participants. Data was entered into an Excel sheet and analysed using R version 4.2.1. Most of the participants were between the age range of 36 and 40 years (25.5%). Almost all study participants (97.4%), had heard about contraceptives with 80.6% showing a high level of knowledge on contraceptives. The majority of the women (84.6%) had previously used some form of contraceptives and 53.1% presently do. More than half of the participants (69.4%) had a positive perception of contraceptive use; 80.6% responded it was their own decision to use contraceptives, and 80.3% had the support of their husbands. Husbands' support of contraception resulted in a 5 times higher usage of contraceptives among women (aOR = 5.35; p < 0.001) while women who were married to military men were 45% (aOR = 0.45; p = 0.007) less likely to use contraceptive when compared to civilian wives. Demographic characteristics like being above 40 years (aOR = 0.25; p = 0.014), being a housewife (aOR = 0.42; p = 0.043) and working in the private sector (aOR = 0.33; p = 0.015) were significantly linked with less contraceptive use. The study showed that women used contraceptives at a rate that was much higher than the national norm at the Uaddara Barracks, demonstrating the beneficial influence men had on women's contraceptive use. This thereby underscores the need for interventional policies that prioritized the male as much as women, while emphasizing the benefits of contraceptive use to the family and not just as an awareness program only.

Influence of Employer Branding Dimensions on Generation Z Women’s Intention to Apply For a Job with Person-Organization Fit as Mediating Variable

An organization's innovation potential is highly correlated with its ability to use its intellectual and organizational knowledge resources. Consequently, hiring high-potential individuals is one of the key issues for businesses looking to maintain a competitive advantage in the sector. However, the workforce is experiencing a demographic shift as Generation Z enters the job market in significant numbers. Given that Generation Z will ultimately dominate the workforce, this demographic shift poses a long-term challenge for businesses to understand their demands, preferences, and factors impacting their interest in applying for jobs. Additionally, establishing gender equality and increasing the involvement of women in the workforce are top recruitment goals for businesses today. In light of these circumstances, this study examines how different aspects of employer branding influence Generation Z women's intention to apply for a job and whether the person-organization fit plays a mediating role. The research employs a quantitative approach, distributing questionnaires to 335 female students of Generation Z at Bandung Institute of Technology, which will be analyzed using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling). The findings demonstrate that within the context of Generation Z at Bandung Institute of Technology, four of the five employer branding dimensions—development, economic, application, and interest value—significantly and positively impact the intention to apply for a job. However, the study also indicates that person-organization fit does not act as a mediating variable in this regard. This research offers valuable insights to companies, allowing them to improve their existing employer branding strategies and enhance their recruiting and talent acquisition approaches. By effectively attracting, engaging, and retaining Generation Z women in the workforce, companies can foster greater gender diversity and equality in the present job market.

The Influence of Price Perception and Trust on Purchasing Intention of Women’s Care at E-commerce

English This study aims to determine how much influence the perception of price and trust have on the intention to buy cosmetics at Shopee. This research is quantitative, using the T-test and F-test with a significance level of 5%. The sampling technique uses the Slovin formula to select 169 respondents. According to the results of testing the hypothesis in this study using the T-test, the price perception variable on buying interest has a T-count value of 5.104 greater than the T-table value of 1.974, so it can be said that the price perception variable has a significant influence on buying interest. The T-test variable of trust in buying interest has a t-count value of 14.116, which is greater than the T-table of 1.974, so it can be said that the trust variable has a significant influence on buying interest. Meanwhile, the results of the F-test showed that there was a positive influence of perceived price and trust on purchase intention, with an F-value of 218.139 and an F-table of 3.05. It can be concluded that perceived price and trust simultaneously had an effect on purchase intention.

Exploring barriers and facilitators to women's intention and behavior to seek treatment for distressing sexual problems.

Many women experience distressing problems with sexual functioning, most commonly in the form of low sexual desire or arousal, difficulties reaching orgasm, or genito-pelvic pain with sexual activity. Although effective treatments are available, more than half of the women who experience distressing sexual problems do not seek professional help. Understanding help-seeking patterns, experiences with treatment providers, and barriers to treatment is crucial to address this underutilization. Examining the role of personal characteristics, sexual problem symptoms, and cognitive factors in explaining the intention to seek treatment can help identify individuals who are most reluctant to seek help. Psychological online interventions are a promising resource to increase the availability of effective treatments. Knowledge about the predictors of women's intention to use internet-delivered treatments, as well as information about personal preferences regarding their scope, can help tailor them to women's needs. To address these research questions, cross-sectional data of 800 women (Mage = 30.49, range = 18-73) were analyzed. While many women considered clinical psychologists to be the most qualified treatment providers, gynecologists were cited as the most likely first point of contact. Among women not utilizing any treatments, many reported a preference for dealing with a sexual problem on their own as a reason not to seek help. Higher help-seeking intention was related to living in a larger city, experiencing higher sexual distress, experiencing pain or difficulties with vaginal penetration, higher self-stigma. and lower sexual assertiveness. Women who were convinced of the effectiveness of psychological online interventions and who appreciated the benefits of anonymity indicated that they were more likely to use them. Understanding what factors influence women's decisions about whether or not to seek professional help for distressing sexual problems is key to reducing the underutilization of available resources and developing treatments that meet their needs and preferences.

Family planning unmet need among women attending primary healthcare clinics in Western Region, Saudi Arabia.

The gap between some women's reproductive intention and their contraceptive behavior clearly poses a challenge to the ongoing family planning program. Unmet need has generated much interest, both among academics and policymakers over the years. This study aims to estimate the prevalence, subgroups, and reasons of unmet need for family planning among married Saudi women in Military Hospitals in Taif city. A cross-sectional study was adopted in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. It included a random representative sample of married women in the childbearing age (18-49 years) who attended the Family Medicine center in Prince Mansour military hospital (n = 8 clinics), Family medicine clinics at Al-Hada Armed Forces hospital (n = 3 clinics), and Al-Razi center in Prince Sultan hospital throughout the study period (March-June, 2022), provided that they had at least one child. A self-created validated questionnaire in the Arabic language was used to collect data regarding socio-demographic variables, reproductive history, and contraceptive practice including reasons of either using or never using contraceptive methods. Four hundred women participated in the study out of a targeted 431 with a response rate of 92.8%. The age of the participating women varied from 20 to 50 years (34.2 ± 7.5 years). Slightly less than half of the participant married women (48.5%) were contraceptive users. Spacing between children was mentioned by majority of those used/using contraceptives (82%), whereas limiting the number of children was mentioned by 9% of them. The commonest reported method of contraception used by women was oral contraceptive pills (58.3%), followed by intrauterine device (IUD) (41.6%). History of unintended pregnancy was reported by more than one-third of the participants (37%). Regarding contraceptive method used during unintended pregnancy, oral contraceptives (39.2%), safety period (21.6%), and condom (21.6) were the most frequent methods. Unmet contraceptive need prevalence was 49.9%. Unmet contraceptive need was significantly associated with husband's educational level (P = 0.008), husband's job (P = 0.011), family income (P = 0.001), age of marriage (<0.001), age of pregnancy (<0.001), number of pregnancy (<0.001), and parity (<0.001). The prevalence of unmet need of contraception use among women in Taif city is high. Husband-related factors were significantly associated with unmet contraception use.

Entrepreneurial Development and Entrepreneurial Intentions of Women in North-Central Nigeria

This study aimed at attitude towards entrepreneurship development and entrepreneurial intentions of women in North-Central Nigeria. The study investigated the effect of women entrepreneurial attitude on the degree of entrepreneurial intentions, and examined the effect of business education and entrepreneurial training on the entrepreneurial intentions of women in North-Central Nigeria among others. To achieve the research goal, the survey research design was used. The population of the study was 1,027 women business owners. The sample was chosen using a multi-stage sampling technique. The sample size of 280 was obtained for the study. Data were generated and analysed using both descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression. Finding showed that women entrepreneurial attitude has strong effect on the degree of entrepreneurial intentions, and that business education and entrepreneurial training have weak effects on the entrepreneurial intentions of women in North-Central Nigeria. The study concluded that women's entrepreneurial attitudes have a massive effect on their entrepreneurial intentions. This study recommended that government and policy makers should design an entrepreneurship programme with the sole aim of inspiring positive women’s entrepreneurial attitude, and also develop entrepreneurship framework that captures gender-sensitive business education and training to boost the entrepreneurial intentions of women in North-Central Nigeria.

TÜRKİYE’DE DEĞİŞEN DOĞURGANLIK TERCİHLERİ: PARİTEYE GÖRE ANALİZLER

The aim of this study is to examine changes in fertility ideals and intentions of women and fertility gap at both macro and micro level for the 1993-2018 period using data of Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS), and to analyze fertility intentions of currently married women by parity, i.e. number of children ever born, using 2018 TDHS data employing descriptive and logistic regression methods. According to the findings, while ideal number of children increased in the 25-year period, intended number of children decreased. Although fertility gap is positive when using conventional TFR, it is negative when adjusted TFR is used, meaning actual fertility is greater than ideal or intended number of children. There has been an increase in the level of pronatalism in Türkiye recently, but it would be wrong to conclude that this is reflected in intentions and behaviors. Our multivariate findings covering all parities show that age and child-related variables are important determinants of women's fertility intention. Additionally, region, mother tongue and use of contraceptive methods are important. Socioeconomic variables, however, were not found to be significantly associated with birth intention. Some of these were found to be significant in intention for progression to first- and second-births.

Postpartum Contraceptive Use, Pregnancy Intentions in Women With and Without a Delivery of a NAS-Affected Infant in Delaware, 2012-2018.

Assess differences in postpartum contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions in women with a recent live birth who delivered a neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) affected infant. Using linked Delaware Birth Certificate Data, Hospital Discharge Data and PRAMS data for 2012-2018 (n = 6,358 singleton births), we assessed differences among women with and without a delivery of an NAS-affected infant by effective postpartum contraceptive use and pregnancy intentions. We calculated prevalence estimates, crude (cPOR), and prevalence odds ratios adjusted (aPOR) for NAS by maternal characteristics. We used alpha ≤ 0.05 to determine statistical significance. Prevalence of NAS was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.8 - 2.6). Effective postpartum contraceptive use was 60.4% (95% CI: 51.9-69.0) among women with delivery of an NAS-affected infant compared with a non-NAS delivery 56.4% (95% CI: 55.1-57.8%) and cPOR was 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8-1.7). Prevalence of intended pregnancy was 26.5% (95% CI: 18.9-34.0) among women with delivery of an NAS-affected infant compared with a non-NAS delivery 53.0% (95% CI: 51.7-54.4) and cPOR was 0.3 (95% CI: 0.2-0.5). After adjustment, women who delivered an NAS-affected infant had lower odds (aPOR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3-0.8) of indicating that their pregnancy was intended as compared to those who did not deliver an NAS-affected infant. Our study found no association between delivery of an NAS-affected infant and use of an effective postpartum contraceptive method. However, we found that pregnancy intendedness was lower among women delivering an NAS-affected infant compared with women without an NAS delivery even after accounting for maternal characteristics.

MUSLIM WOMEN SWITCHING INTENTION TO HALAL COSMETIC: PUSH-PULL-MOORING MODEL APLICATION

This study focuses on the factors that contribute to switching intentions from non-halal cosmetics to halal cosmetics by Muslim women in Indonesia. Using a questionnaire and purposive sampling, we compile data from a total of 236 women who use halal cosmetics and then apply the SEM-PLS for data analysis. The results show that the pull effect significantly affects Muslim women's intention to switch to halal cosmetics and is moderated negatively by switching costs. While the push effect doesn’t significantly affect the intention to switch to halal cosmetics. In addition, halal awareness and switching costs directly affect Muslim women's switching intentions from non-halal to halal cosmetics.

Social outcome expectations and women's intentions to return to IT employment

Women leaving IT employment for childcare or other reasons, and never returning, is a phenomenon that contributes to the underrepresentation of women in IT. However, potential women returners, women who have recently left IT employment and may or may not return, remain an under-researched group. We studied the effects of social outcome expectations on the intention to return to IT employment for 182 potential women returners from New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. The data were obtained via a survey questionnaire. Expectations of friendly co-workers, work-life balance, and family proximity were included; and the expectations of friendly co-workers had a statistically significant effect on the intentions of potential women returners to return to IT employment. The results highlight the difficulty of creating an environment that encourages potential women returners to return to IT because, unlike work-life balance or family proximity, friendly co-workers is a factor that is difficult to control via managerial interventions. For practice, the results suggest that organisations should promote an environment friendly to women, which in part may be achievable by implementing agile approaches to organizing IT work.

Gender stereotype perception, perceived social support and self-efficacy in increasing women's entrepreneurial intentions

PurposeWomen play an essential role in entrepreneurship because they have been able to make social and economic contributions in many countries. However, women continue encountering numerous difficulties when engaging in entrepreneurial activities, particularly from a societal perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to study the underlying factors influencing women's entrepreneurial intentions that lead to their success in entrepreneurship. This study examines gender stereotype perceptions, perceived social support and self-efficacy in women's entrepreneurial intentions in Batik micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in West Java, Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a quantitative method by randomly distributing questionnaires to women entrepreneurs in the MSME sector in the batik craft industry in the Trusmi area, West Java, Indonesia. The research questionnaire was completed by 150 female entrepreneurs, and a structural equation model-partial least squares (PLS) was employed to examine the hypotheses proposed in this study.FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that gender stereotype perception and perceived social support have a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy. Gender stereotype perceptions affect women's entrepreneurial intentions, both directly and mediated by self-efficacy. Meanwhile, perceived social support has a significant effect on women's entrepreneurial intention only when it is mediated by self-efficacy.Originality/valueThis study presents empirical evidence on how gender stereotype perception, perceived social support and self-efficacy affect women's entrepreneurial intentions and establishes a novel conceptual framework for women's entrepreneurship in emerging economies. This study provides academic and practical implications by identifying the entrepreneurial intentions of women who have carried out entrepreneurial activities. This study also provides direction for policymakers to encourage women's entrepreneurial intentions.

Fertility Intentions During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Individual- and Municipality-Level Determinants.

Recognizing the prolonged, uneven, and evolving nature of the Covid-19 pandemic, this study provides one of the first dynamic, multilevel perspectives of women's fertility intentions in response to the pandemic and its multifaceted impacts. We examine how evolving individual- and community-level Covid-19 risk mechanisms and socioeconomic and life-course conditions are associated with continuity and change in women's fertility intentions. We combine individual-level panel data from a population-based sample of women aged 18-34 in Pernambuco, Brazil in 2020 and 2021 with corresponding administrative data from 94 municipalities. We use multinomial logit regressions to model continuity and change in fertility intentions across waves. We then estimate fixed effect models to highlight the time-varying determinants of changing fertility intentions while accounting for unobserved, time-invariant individual factors. We find that high and/or increasing individual and community-level Covid-19 exposure is associated with a greater likelihood of abandoning initial childbearing plans and a greater likelihood to maintain intentions to forego versus to intend having additional children. We advance the literature by highlighting how individual-level Covid-19 infection risk perceptions matter for fertility intentions, net of community-level exposure, and the necessity of dynamic perspectives for understanding how fertility intentions have changed (or not) in response to the pandemic.

Factors affecting students’ entrepreneurial intentions and their differences based on gender, tribe, and parents’ occupation: a cross-sectional study

Background: This study examines the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge and self-efficacy in increasing entrepreneurial intentions and whether self-efficacy moderates entrepreneurial knowledge's effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Analysis of differences in entrepreneurial intentions based on gender, ethnicity, and parent's occupation. Methods: The data used in this study were collected from a survey conducted by distributing questionnaires electronically to students of the Economics education Study Program, Faculty of Economics, Medan State University semesters 3,5, and 7, totaling 307 and 260 willing to fill in. The analytical test used is the PLS-SEM test, as well as Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis (non-parametric test. This study examines the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge and self-efficacy in increasing entrepreneurial intentions and whether self-efficacy moderates entrepreneurial knowledge's effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Analysis of differences in entrepreneurial intentions based on gender, ethnicity, and parent's occupation. Results: Entrepreneurial knowledge and self-efficacy positively and significantly increased entrepreneurial intentions. Self-efficacy was not proven to act as a moderating variable, and there was no difference in entrepreneurial intentions between genders, tribes and parents’ occupations. Conclusions: This research implies that it is necessary to organize entrepreneurship education with an innovative active approach to increase women's entrepreneurial intentions and reduce gender inequiality in entrepreneurial activities. Further research is needed on the role of culture-based families in preparing their sons and daughters to become entrepreneurs.

Women's Perspectives on Smoking During Pregnancy and Factors Influencing Their Willingness to Quit Smoking in Pregnancy: A Study From the United Kingdom.

Objective This was a prospective questionnaire-based survey conducted in the Barnsley District of the United Kingdom amongantenatal women smoking during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of women regarding the risks with smoking during pregnancy, study their smoking behavior, their willingness to quit smoking during pregnancy, and the factors that could influence their intention to quit smoking. Methods A cohort of antenatal women smoking during pregnancy was surveyedprior to their contact with the maternity Stop Smoking Services. A well-structured, pre-tested, and validated questionnaire was usedto assess their awareness regarding risks with smoking during pregnancy and their willingness to quit smoking during pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Binomial logistic regression (univariate and multivariate) was used to identify the factors influencing the women's willingness to quit smoking during pregnancy. Results Among 66 women surveyed, 52 (79%) were multigravida and 14 (21%) were primigravida, with a mean age of 27.4 ± 5.7 years. Most women (68%) were in the first trimester of their pregnancy. Nearly two-thirds of women (64%) had low educational attainment, 53% were unemployed, 68% lived with family members who smoked, and 35% had mental health problems. One-third (33%) of women had an unsuccessful attempt at quitting smoking in the past. Around 44% of women had a low level of nicotine dependence, while 56% had a moderate level of nicotine dependence. More than three-fourths of women (77%) were aware that smoking during pregnancy is harmful for their baby, though most could not report the specific adverse effects. Nearly half of the women (51.5%) were willing to quit smoking during pregnancy with the rationality of having a healthy baby. On multivariate logistic regression analysis,awarenessof the women that smoking during pregnancy has ill effects on the baby (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 46.459, confidence interval (CI): 5.356-402.961, p value <0.001) was found to be the strongest predictor of willingness to quit smoking during pregnancy. Other determinants found to be significantly associated with willingness to quit smoking during pregnancy were unsuccessful quit attempts in the past (aOR: 0.048, CI: 0.007-0.309, p value 0.001) and the absence of any mental health concerns (aOR: 6.097, CI: 1.105-33.647, p value 0.038). Conclusion There is considerable room for raising awareness about the risks of smoking during pregnancy and providing effective smoking cessation and relapse prevention interventions in pregnancy. Obstetricians and midwives should actively participate in providing risk-focused information to pregnant women on smoking during pregnancy and support them in smoking cessation. Various factors such as employment status, nicotine dependence, previous failed attempts at quitting smoking, mental health issues, and awareness levels significantly influence the willingness to quit smoking during pregnancy. Hence, there is an imperative need to identify and address the barriers that could affect a woman's intention to quit smoking during pregnancy.

The Influence of Gender In Using Mobile Payments

T&#x0D; Mobile payments have been proposed as a way to promote micropayments in electronic and mobile commerce and as an alternative to reduce the use of cash. This study aims to examine the influence of gender on the intention to make payments via mobile, with a sample of 100 students of the Commercial Administration study program, and the Accounting study program from the Ambon State Polytechnic, Data analysis techniques used using PLS. This study found that women's behavioral intentions were significantly influenced by performance expectations and for men there was no significant influence of performance expectations on behavioral intentions in using mobile payments, it was also found that women's behavioral intentions were significantly influenced by higher social norms than men in using mobile payments, the influence of facility conditions in using mobile payments was more significant on Women versus men are not significant, and a significant effect of price value is also found in women's intention to use mobile payments while this does not affect men's intention to use mobile payments.

Effect of a Training Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on the Pregnancy Intention in Women with One Child: A Training Trial

Background: Having an only child has positive and negative consequences for the health of the child, mother, and family. However, when one-child families become the norm, the risks of negative long-term impacts increase. In Iran, couples now prefer to have one child. This paper reports on an investigation into the effectiveness of training based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the pregnancy intention in women with one child. Methods: The trial was conducted in 2019 with 102 women with one child, who was supported by the Health Centers in Qom, Iran. They were randomly divided into two groups: TPB theory-based training (n=52) and control (routine healthcare training, n=50) groups. ANCOVA was used to compare the groups' post-training pregnancy intention and its theoretical antecedents. Results: Three months post-training, participants in the TPB group had higher pregnancy intention (η2 = .4, P&lt;0.001), attitude to having a second child (η2 = .41, P&lt;0.001), subjective (perceived) norm for having a second child (η2 = .08, P&lt;0.004), and perceived control for having a second child (η2 = .35, P&lt;0.001). The TPB-based training intervention increased women's awareness of the consequences of having an only child significantly more than routine training (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Health center training can increase women's intention to have a second child. In this trial, theory-based training resulted in stronger pregnancy intention than participation in routine training. As health centers in Iran update their programs, this trial highlights the value of course design based on established theory.