Female Police Research Articles

Supplemental Material for Subjective Interpretation of “Objective” Video Evidence: Perceptions of Male Versus Female Police Officers’ Use-of-Force

Supplemental Material for Subjective Interpretation of “Objective” Video Evidence: Perceptions of Male Versus Female Police Officers’ Use-of-Force

Work Life Balance among Women Police in Salem City, Tamil Nadu

A main societal norm is work. At times it may be challenging and it tries to prioritize over your welfare. The impact that work life balance has on many social harms has been increasing nowadays, some are reflected in certain forms like tardiness, lessening fertility rates, aged populations and declining supply of quality labour. Certainly, a work culture that demands round the clock, i.e. 24/7 availability becomes a very big victimization to the above said social issues. It is known that Police personnel’s service and its effects on the family is a complex phenomenon. The function of women police is vague and workplace pressure is viewed as an unsuccessful factor, but a predictable part of police work. Police stress is influenced by a various workplace troubles like ethnic and gender partiality and lack of authority, work-load activities. Issues like family size, children’s age, and uncertain working hours has caused dissatisfaction and are more expected to wield negative impacts in their family and in work, that has led to low level of satisfaction, and greater family-work conflict. This research study is an attempt to spot out the effects of work-life balance and to explore the main factors which cause work-family challenges among different categories of women personnel in police department. By using convenient sampling technique, a sample of 50 respondents was collected. Structured questionnaire were used to collect primary data from the Police women. The secondary data was collected from various existing sources like website and reports. For statistical analysis, researcher used SPSS and Statistical tools like (i.e.) percentage analysis, ANOVA, Chi-square. The inferences of this study reveal that the age of respondents and their family factors have significant effects in ensuring work-life balance. Hence, the results suggest that supportive working conditions, employee wellness programme, and timely promotion and transfer policies can ensure work – life balance among the respondents.

여성경찰의 조직문화 인식이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

여성경찰의 조직문화 인식이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향

기혼 여성경찰관의 근무환경, 직무만족, 일·가정 양립 간의 관계 연구

기혼 여성경찰관의 근무환경, 직무만족, 일·가정 양립 간의 관계 연구

Lack of Proper Technical Gadgets for Authority Personnels in Chennai

Due to its negative impact on the individual and the organization, pressure is a widespread problem. This study's course is to identify the causes of stress and also to study the effect of socio-demographic variables influencing the levels of stress among female constables. Women's main sources of stress include the complexities of the work environment, ever-pressure, work-life balance, and job fatigue in the police profession. Stress levels were studied using the scale of the police Stress Inventory to identify the stressors of the organization and operational stressors. The stress attributes are identified as the main stressors, namely, excessive job demands, lack of organizational resources, policy changes / interventions, sudden organizational change, less likelihood of advancing illness and sudden health issues assigning additional responsibility. In terms of socio-demographic factors, the research leads to recognizing the work stress factors that female police constables are feeling

The effect of breast size and bra type on comfort for UK female police officers wearing body armour

Within the Police service of England and Wales the wearing of ballistic and stab resistant body armour is common, with most police forces mandating its usage when away from the police station. Of all the serving police officers in England and Wales 29.1% are female (Hargreaves et al., 2017). A survey was developed and then distributed by the Police Federation of England and Wales to all servicing police officers up to the rank of Inspector. The survey returned 2633 responses after cleaning of the data. From the responses it was seen that the predominant bra type worn is underwired (71%) and the predominant UK bra size is 34B (9%). It was also determined that the predominant areas where the body armour either rubbed or caused discomfort were the left and right anterior mammary regions and the posterior lateral sacral region. By understanding the distribution of bra size, type of bra worn and areas of discomfort or rubbing it helps further understand the issues faced by female police officers and how body armour design could be improved.

A Comparative Analysis of Physical Fitness in Korean Police Officers: Focus on Results between 2014 to 2019

PURPOSE Maintaining physical fitness is essential for police officers to perform various physical occupational tasks. However, only a few studies have focused on the physical fitness of Korean police officers. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the annual results of physical fitness tests for Korean police officers between 2014 to 2019. METHODS This study analyzed the data of 372 police officers (male: 334, female: 38) including body composition, 100 m sprint, push-ups, sit-ups, and handgrip strength. RESULTS In Korean male police officers, the 100 m sprint times and push-up and sit-up counts showed statistically significant differences according to the year of the test (p<.001); in particular, the 100 m sprint times and push-up and sit-up counts were lower in 2019 compared to those from previous years. Among Korean female police officers, only the 100 m sprint showed a statistically significant difference by year (p<.01); similar to the male police officers, the 100 m sprint times were slower in 2019 than those from previous years. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that the physical fitness of Korean police officers decreased over the years. There has especially been a decrease in the physical fitness of male police officers. Keywords: Endurance, Korea police officers, Physical fitness, Strength

Stress and coping mechanisms of officers of the South African Police Service based in Tzaneen, Limpopo province, South Africa.

BackgroundIn this study, stress is conceptualised as a psychological syndrome in response to stressors. Stress and inappropriate coping mechanisms constitute a serious problem in police profession. Organisational causes of stress, such as lack of support from management, are additional stressors. The ability to cope with this stress is influenced by marital status, gender, rank, age and years of service. In managing stress, police officers may use adaptive or maladaptive coping mechanisms.AimTo investigate stress and the coping mechanisms used by police officers.SettingThe study was set in Tzaneen, Limpopo province, South Africa.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used a self-administered questionnaire based on the Police Stress Inventory (PSI) and Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) tools.ResultsOf the 104 participants, female police officers had significantly higher stress intensity scores, while constables and captains had statistically significant lower stress scores. The highest ranked stressors were killing someone in the line of duty, a fellow officer killed in the line of duty, and knowledge of and experiencing the death of a fellow officer in the line of duty. The five most frequently occurring stressors were organisational in nature. Respondents were more likely to use coping strategies that were problem-focused.ConclusionOrganisational stressors were common, suggesting that the South African Police Services (SAPS) management should provide interventions that reduce the effects of work-related stressors. The majority of respondents used problem-focused coping strategies, indicating that most handle stressors in a positive manner.

Создание гендера женщинами-полицейскими

С статье исследуются практики «создания гендера» сотрудницами полиции Вологодской области. Полученные в данной работе данные базируются на интервью с 22 сотрудницами полиции Вологодской области, которые были собраны в феврале 2017 г. Целью исследования было выяснить, занимаются ли «созданием гендера» женщины-полицейские и какие возможные практики «создания гендера» существуют в полиции Вологодской области. Показывается, что женщины в российской полиции занимаются «созданием гендера» путем воспроизводства «типично женского» или «типично мужского» поведения, считая справедливым разделение труда в полиции на «мужской» и «женский», признавая более ценными ряд «мужских» и «женских» качеств, принимая помощь мужчин-коллег.

Estimating Effects of Affirmative Action in Policing: A Replication and Extension

Many police departments in the United States have experienced externally-imposed affirmative action plans designed to increase the shares of nonwhite and female police officers. This paper examines whether externally-imposed affirmative action plans have impacted the rates of reported offenses and/or offenses cleared by arrest, seeking to replicate and extend Lott (2000) and McCrary (2007). Using a series of modern econometric strategies, including difference-in-differences decomposition and generalized synthetic controls, we do not find a significant effect of court-imposed affirmative action plans on the rates of reported offenses or reported offenses cleared by arrest, a finding consistent with McCrary (2007). We also consider whether unlitigated agencies change their practices due to the threat of litigation, but, like McCrary (2007), are unable to identify causal evidence of such threat effects. We suggest that, in the spirit of Miller and Segal (2018), future research seek to estimate the potentially racially heterogeneous treatment effects of race-based affirmative action plans on public safety outcomes.

Procedural injustice, police legitimacy, and officer gender: A vignette-based test of the invariance thesis.

Role congruity theory suggests that gender-based stereotypes can result in female police officers paying a higher price (i.e., viewed as less legitimate) relative to male officers for mistreating people. The invariance thesis posits that the effect of (un)fair treatment by legal authorities on legal attitudes and beliefs is stable across situations, time, and space. This study tested the invariance thesis by assessing whether the effect of procedural injustice on police legitimacy differed across officer gender. A factorial vignette survey that consisted of two types of citizen-initiated police encounters was administered to a university-based sample (N = 525). The results showed that the effect of procedural injustice had a powerful and significant influence on participants' legitimacy perceptions. These effects were consistent regardless of whether the treatment was doled out by a male or a female police officer. The findings provide support for the invariance thesis.

Navigating the police promotion system: a comparison by gender of moving up the ranks

ABSTRACT Promotion systems form a fundamental pillar in the development of organisational leadership capability. Surprisingly, little empirical research focus has been directed towards the specific decision-making processes of officers that influence their participation and engagement in the police promotion system. Importantly, gender differences must be examined as female police now represent the biggest demographic change in the pool of potential police leaders. Based on a study of police officers employed in one Australian state police jurisdiction, the research concludes that similar factors are generally associated with engagement with the police promotion system regardless of gender. Notably, gender differences only exist for factors related to support of higher-ranking officers in the promotion application process, support of colleagues once promoted, confidence in readiness for promotion, increased work hours and child/elder care difficulties and change in remuneration. The research highlights that gender equity policies designed to encourage female participation/engagement may result in unintended, negative consequences. Almost 80% of male officers in this study strongly indicating that females are promoted based on gender rather than skills and experience. The research has significant implications for police agencies who seek to support female officers moving into leadership positions.

Position of women in police in India: policy gaps and the need for gender mainstreaming

The representation of women in police organizations across India is on the rise. Yet, the role of women continues to be confined primarily to addressing and investigating crimes against women and children. Policy formulations tend to focus heavily on increasing intake of women without equal emphasis on institutional reforms needed to ensure gender equality within police organizations. This is only ghettoizing women police officers, keeping them outside the mainstream of varied experiences and legitimizing segmentation of roles based on stereotyping. This article argues for reconceptualising the role of women in policing. It first critiques key legal and policy initiatives guiding women’s recruitment and role in the police service, both at the center and across states. In this, it focuses specially on the policy of creating all-women police units, explaining how it results more in sidelining women than facilitating an equal growth of men and women. It then draws from ground research on barriers women continue to face within the organization, at all levels, to underscore the need for addressing institutional impediments. Finally, it concludes by emphasizing gender mainstreaming as a strategy for driving wider institutional reforms necessary to ensure women’s integration remains meaningful and equal.

A Study on the Selection of Women's Police and Physical Fitness Test System

A Study on the Selection of Women's Police and Physical Fitness Test System

A study on the job satisfaction of married female police officers

A study on the job satisfaction of married female police officers

Does Gender Matter? Using Social Equity, Diversity, and Bureaucratic Representation to Examine Police–Pedestrian Encounters in Seattle, Washington

This article considers the extent to which the gender of police officers affects the likelihood that a pedestrian will be frisked following a Terry stop. Theories of social equity, organizational diversity, and representative bureaucracy are used to develop several testable hypotheses. Results suggest that the presence of female police officers correlate with lower levels of racial and ethnic disparity in the distribution of frisks conducted by police in the City of Seattle. Further, our analysis suggests that stops initiated by female reporting officers reduce male–female disparities on the probability of being frisked. Results are discussed in terms of both theory and practice.

Psychosocial Support Assessment among Women Police force in India

Psychosocial Support Assessment among Women Police force in India

Gender Differences in Perceived Role Expectations, Mental Health, and Job Satisfaction of Civil Police Constables: A Quali-Quantitative Survey

The purpose of the study was to examine the gender differences in perceptions of role expectations, mental health dimensions, and job satisfaction of police constables. The study further examined the potential mediating effects of psychological well-being and psychological distress on the nature of the relationship between dimensions of police role expectations and job satisfaction. Police constables (total number = 203: males = 144, females = 59) were surveyed in four districts (Varanasi, Mirzapur, Allahabad, and Lucknow) in the state of Uttar Pradesh of India. Participants’ responses were obtained on questionnaires, which measured demographic characteristics, police role expectations ( Maurya, 2017 ), psychological well-being and psychological distress ( Heubeck &amp; Neill, 2000 ), and job satisfaction ( Dantzker’s, 1993 ). Data were statistically analyzed for examining the patterns of relationships between the variables. Additionally, the constables were also interviewed for eliciting their views on the prevailing job conditions. Findings revealed significant gender differences in the demographic variables, namely, experience and salary, aggressiveness and facilitative dimensions of role expectations, and the levels of psychological well-being among the male and female civil police constables. The authoritative role expectations were positively correlated with psychological distress of male participants only. While all aggressiveness, facilitative, and authoritative dimensions of police role expectations had significantly positive correlations with job satisfaction of male participants, only the facilitative dimension of role expectation was significantly positively correlated with job satisfaction of female participants. Psychological well-being of both male and female participants was positively correlated with job satisfaction. However, psychological distress was negatively correlated with job satisfaction of male participants only. Findings also highlight the mediating effects of psychological well-being on the prediction of job satisfaction by the facilitative dimension of role expectation among female police constables, while psychological distress exercised suppresser effects on the prediction of job satisfaction by the factor ‘aggressiveness’ among male police constables.

Intra-operative rhabdomyolysis during upper limb surgery

Intra-operative rhabdomyolysis during upper limb surgery

A percepção do policial militar gaúcho sobre sua carreira: análise da ficha de desligamento preenchida ao ir para reserva remunerada

O policial militar do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, ao ser transferido para a reserva remunerada, desde agosto 2015 deve preencher a chamada “Ficha de Desligamento”, contendo 20 perguntas sobre sua vida funcional. Foram analisados 1622 Fichas de policiais militares masculinos e 228 Fichas de policiais militares femininos, todos transferidos para a reserva remunerada entre agosto/2015 e Novembro/2017. Como comparativo, também foram analisadas 187 Fichas de Bombeiros militares masculinos. Não há bombeiros femininas aposentadas. Constatou-se que os policiais militares, masculinos e femininos, estão satisfeitos em sua profissão. Os maiores índices de satisfação referem-se aos seus relacionamentos pessoais, como o trato com superiores, pares e subordinados, e a satisfação em ser policial militar. Observou-se menor satisfação nos aspectos salariais e outras questões pecuniárias. Há espaço para gestão dos administradores visando propiciar maior participação do efetivo na apresentação de sugestões, na melhoria das condições do local de trabalho no que tange à segurança, organização e limpeza, em propiciar maior desenvolvimento profissional e um maior reconhecimento dos superiores com relação ao trabalho desenvolvido por seus subordinados.