Women In Traditional Society Research Articles

A Reflection on Modern Perspectives in Difficult Daughters of Manju Kapur

Literature is the timeless and boundless realm of human expressions and it deals with life from time immemorial and is endless as long as life exists. Literature encompasses different aspects and realms of life and it explores the reality of life in multiple ways and each theme and character reflects society and people. It is a perfect vehicle for social commentary and exploration of social issues, challenging norms and advocating for change. Feminism is a prominent topic in literature, addressing various issues related to women in traditional society. They endured prejudice and masculine chauvinism for many years. Manju Kapur is a well-known novelist who has been greatly influenced by modern perspectives. ‘Difficult Daughters’ (1998) by Manju Kapur is an excellent literary lens that examines the significant transitions from tradition to modernity. The women characters of Manju Kapur make an urge to a higher stage. They struggle hard to have identity, self-sufficiency and education. Kapur's work skillfully captures the complexities of socio-cultural transition, sacrifices and difficulties that come with the transition from tradition to modernity. Virmati's life starts to symbolize the social changes that Indian society went through in the mid-1900s. The present paper delves into how Kapur appeals to Modern Perspectives in‘Difficult Daughters’.

Roles of gender in addressing structural inequality: assessment of Borana women’s endogenous institutional agents of gender amelioration in peace, conflict, and post-conflict settings

ABSTRACT The portrayal of women in traditional societies as victims of conflicts and gender inequalities often overlooks their roles as agents of change. This article examined the roles of Borana women in addressing structural inequality during peace, conflict, and post-conflict settings using endogenous institutions. The study utilized an ethnographic research design and a qualitative research approach. Both primary and secondary data were collected for the study. Key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect primary data, while secondary data were obtained from relevant materials through desk review. The primary data were transcribed, translated, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study reveal that Borana women play crucial roles in fighting structural inequality through endogenous institutions in preserving peace, protecting the vulnerables, challenging male dominance, maintaining community life and upholding women’s customary laws. The study also revealed the challenges women face in addressing structural inequality. These findings contribute to feminist theories by emphasizing women’s active and diverse roles in combating structural inequality. Consequently, assertive policy options that safeguard women’s customary rights and endogenous peacemaking practices are needed. Furthermore, the study calls for policy interventions and support systems that empower women and enhance their participation in decision-making processes.

Women at the Crossroads of Worlds: Gender Dynamics and Strategies in the Novels of Jasmina Musabegović

Women at the crossroads of worlds: gender dynamics and strategies in Jasmina Musabegovic's novels The paper examines various aspects of women's lives “at the crossroads of worlds” exploring the complex dimensions of their experiences, identities, and role in different social, cultural, and geopolitical contexts. Analysis of gender implications often involves a combination of different theoretical approaches to gain a more complete understanding of how society shapes and reflects gender roles and identities. In the novels by Jasmina Musabegović Skretnice (1986), Most (1994), and Žene. Glasovi. (2005) From the disposition of contemporary feminist epistemology, we (re)interpret the position of a woman who is in a relationship (with someone), and not exclusively in the socially constructed role of an object. By reflecting, on the analyzed novels, women's experiences, gender dynamics, and gender-specific issues through the prism of different feminist perspectives and feminist theoretical practices, we realized that women in traditional societies also developed different strategies that enabled survival, adaptation, and partial coping with the limitations of patriarchal structures. These strategies varied depending on the culture, period, and social context.

AN ANALYSIS OF FEMINIST CRITICISM AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PORTRAYAL OF WOMEN IN THE MULTI-LEVEL AND TRADITIONAL SOCIETY IN THE SELECTED WORK A ROSE FOR EMILY BY WILLIAM FAULKNER

This paper delves into the realm of feminist criticism and explores the portrayal of women in traditional society through a close examination of William Faulkner's renowned short story, "A Rose for Emily." The study aims to shed light on the patriarchal constructs that shaped women's roles and identities during the time the story was set. Drawing upon feminist literary theory, the research analyzes the ways in which Faulkner depicts the female character in "A Rose for Emily." Emily's life becomes a symbol of the oppression and control exerted on women in the patriarchal society depicted in the story. Using textual evidence and critical analysis, the paper explores the themes of oppression, control, and the limited agency granted to women in the traditional Southern society. Furthermore, the research examines the impact of societal norms on the character's choices, relationships, and sense of self. Through a comprehensive examination of the selected work, this research aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on feminist criticism and the portrayal of women in traditional societies. By delving into the complexities of gender dynamics and societal expectations, it seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by women in patriarchal societies and the ways in which literature reflects and perpetuates these structures.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0787/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Comparative Analysis of "A Thousand Splendid Suns" and a Similar Work in Uzbek Literature

This article presents a comparative analysis of Khaled Hosseini's renowned novel "A Thousand Splendid Suns" and comparable works in Uzbek literature. The analysis explores the similarities and differences between the two literary traditions, examining themes, analytical methods, and cultural influences. Both the novel and Uzbek literature delve into the complexities of women's experiences, the impact of war and political unrest, and the pursuit of personal freedom. The narrative styles in both works employ vivid imagery, emotional depth, and multi-layered storytelling techniques. The comparative analysis highlights the resilience of individuals in the face of hardships, the role of women in traditional societies, and the unique narrative approaches used by the authors. The article concludes by emphasizing the valuable insights offered by these literary works and the need for further exploration and analysis of diverse voices in literature.

Belalek: Feminisasi Pekerjaan dan Peran Ganda Perempuan dalam Budaya Pertanian di Desa Makrampai

Women are often seen as human beings who have weaker physical abilities compared to men. This view implies the stigma that women are unable to do work draining stamina and physical strength. This view is contrary to the facts and reality found in the Belalek’s culture in the Malay community in the village of Makrampai. This study was aimed at analysing gender equality in Belalek’s culture in the Malay community of Makrampai village. This research was a field research with qualitative paradigm. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentary studies. Data were analyzed using phenomenological method. The results revealed that there was a gender equality in the form of feminization of work and the dual role of women in Belalek’s culture in Makrampai. The gender equality was motivated by the values ​​and norms prevailing in the Makrampai village community, which provided equal opportunities to both men and women in contributing to family welfare. At this level, women are no longer placed not only as second class people who are only able to complete domestic household affairs, but also have the ability to complete the same work as men on agriculture. Therefore, based on these findings, it was concluded that: First, labelling of women as weak, second class, and unproductive only applies to certain communities and cannot be generalized to all women in traditional societies. At the same time, the values ​​and norms prevailing in a society affected the views on the equality of women and men in fulfilling their livelihood. Therefore, at this level, the issues of gender and feminism were locally and very strongly shaped by cultural factors. Secondly, culture within certain boundaries contributed in carrying out the division and separation of work and responsibilities between men and women as represented in Belalek’s culture in Malay community of Makrampai.

Social punishment by the distribution of aggressive TikTok videos against women in a traditional society

PurposeOnline violence has been rampant in the past decade, intensifying the victims’ suffering owing to its rapid dissemination to vast audiences. This study aims to focus on online gender-based violence directed against young Bedouin women who have left their male-dominated home territory for academic studies. This study examined how the backlash against these students, intended to stop changes in traditional gender roles, is reflected in offensive TikTok videos.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on a qualitative-thematic analysis of 77 questionnaires and 30 semistructured in-depth interviews with first-year female Bedouin students aged 18–21 years.FindingsThe backlash was widespread, with young Bedouin men using offensive videos as “proof” that women have violated codes of honor and morality. The videos exhibited four types of gender-based violence: claims of immoral behavior, aggressive captions that take the footage out of context, allegations of immodest clothing and digital photo editing that produced fabricated results. Examining participants' reactions to the videos, this study revealed two patterns of response: passive acceptance of the situation and an active approach that included reaching out to powerful Bedouin men for solutions.Originality/valueThis research enriches the literature on online gender-based violence, particularly against women in traditional societies, and suggests practical steps: developing online media literacy in traditional societies, adopting a proactive approach and nurturing social self-competence in women who have been victims of online gender-based violence.

Karbi Women and Environmental Conservation

Women in traditional societies have a close connection with the environment through their roles as farmers, collectors of water and firewood, caregivers to livestock and, sometimes, as priestesses and healers. The gender roles assigned in traditional societies bring women into direct contact with the natural resources for management of their daily household chores. Therefore, any loss of biodiversity has a direct impact on the lives of women, families and society at large. In the context of the Karbis, a major ethnic group of Assam, India, forests are central to their worldview and all aspects of their socio-cultural life. It is important to note that the Karbi belief system gives reverence to nature worship and the forest deities are called Longri Arnam. As such, sacred groves are among one of the best practices of biodiversity conservation that are also associated with traditional knowledge systems in different ecological zones. They are preserved mainly through observance of taboos and animistic rituals. In recent times, forest degradation has become a major concern and it is necessary to understand the role of traditional knowledge systems vis-a-vis their relation to ecological heritage and conservation. This paper examines the ways in which women in Karbi society have directly or indirectly acted as agents of environmental conservation. Using historical methodology, the study attempts to analyze interface between women and environment in the society with special reference to women’s contribution to the society in combating climate change.

Are Dayak Moslem Women Dependant?: A Study of Dayak Moslem Women Work Ethics

Previous studies that have been conducted in relation to women’s work ethics in traditional society seem to inadequately generalize the holistic women’s work ethics of tradional society in general. This article was intended to explain another reality found in Tangkahen Dayak moslem society, Indonesia, that is different from general views telling that women in traditional society are not financially productive, have economics dependency to men, and tend to be lazy. This current study was set as qualitative study by using phenomenological approach. The data were selected through observation, interviews, and documentary study. It was found from the result of study that double role that is played by the women of Tangkahen Dayak Moslem have no impact to their productivity and their household chores. In fact, income those women earned from their work can sustain the economic condition of Tangkahen Dayak Moslem families. Thus, it can be concluded that not all women in traditional society have low work ethics. At this stage, social values and norms that are embedded in a society have major influences on realization of women’s work ethics. The social values and norms embedded in Tangkahen Dayak Moslem were found to be a major factor that is able to support and improve women’s work ethics. Accordingly, the general negative stigma about women’s work ethics in traditional society can be proven wrong by the reality of women’s work ethics in Tangkahen Dayak Moslem society. In other words, negative views about women’s work ethics in traditional society only occured in certain communities and can not be used to generalize all women’s work ethics in general traditional society.

Žemaitė XX a. II pusės lietuvių poezijoje ir prozoje

The article dedicated to the works of the Lithuanian literature written in the second half of the 20th century depicting the writer Žemaitė (pen name of Julija Beniuševičiūtė-Žymantienė, 1845–1921). This writer was not rejected by the Soviet authorities because of her realistic outline and her democratic political views, the social criticism expressed in her work towards greed, selfishness and clericalism. Lithuanian writers dedicated to her their poetry, fiction, and drama works. However, Soviet writers were also impressed by Žemaitė’s personality traits, which mentioned less frequently in public: independence, perseverance, wit, the courage to stand out from her surroundings and to disregard the societal norms that stifled older women in traditional society. The article analyses the features of Žemaitė’s personality in works of Lithuanian literature created by poets Salomėja Nėris, Judita Vaičiūnaitė, and others. The author reveals how different aspects of Žemaitė’s work and personality were emphasised depending on the time of writing. This change partly reflects the shift of literature from socialist realism to more modern literature. Among the works of prose, the author singles out Bitė Vilimaitė’s cycle of short stories “Apsakymai apie Žemaitę” (Short Stories about Žemaitė) from her collection Papartynų saulė (Fernery Sun, 2002). The stories reveal both the character of Žemaitė, her environment and people close to her, and the most important features of Vilimaitė’s own work: attention to a woman’s fate, subtle psychological insight, attention to detail, and a specific model of a short novella. Since the protagonists of the cycle are usually real people, Vilimaitė’s talent for using documentary material and combining it with fiction is also evident here. The article concludes that Soviet-era authors portraying Žemaitė’s character raised aspects relevant to the time of writing, such as the promotion of national culture, problems of women’s emancipation and, also the fact that for female writers, Žemaitė was a role model.

Політичний образ жінки-громадянки у альманахах Наталі Кобринської

The history of the publication of N. Kobrynska’s almanacs has been studied. Women’s almanacs as the first stage of development of women’s press in Galicia are singled out. Women’s Almanacs are the first periodicals (with indefinite periodicals) in which the ideas of emancipation were spread. The relevance of the topic of the scientific article is due to modern political science, gender and national studies of women’s movements in European countries, including the Ukrainian women’s movement, which began in Stanislavov and developed in Lviv, Eastern Galicia and became part of the general liberation movement of the Ukrainian nation. The aim of the article is to analyze the issues, in particular civil issues, in distinguishing the image of a woman-citizen on the pages of Natalia Kobrynska’s women’s almanacs. The study of the main issues of almanacs is important to clarify the conscious paradigms of the Ukrainian women’s movement, the value concepts of Ukrainian women’s periodicals with a political character, the transformation of views on the political role of women in traditional society, political equality and its participation in public life. almanacs. The scientific article analyzes negative stereotypes about the traditional role of women in public life on the example of comparing negative stereotypes about «backward, indifferent, dark» women who are not engaged in their self-education. N. Kobrynska’s women’s almanacs promote: women’s education, self-education, creative realization of a woman as a person. The traditional formula for Ukrainian women in society, which has been reduced to marriage and the birth of children, has been criticized for being superficial. The publication broadly discusses the topic of equality of work and pay for men and women, the opportunity to earn a decent living and be protected in society from prejudice. Research methods. The study used a set of general and special methods: the method of conceptual analysis in determining the directions of the Ukrainian women’s movement; thematic analysis in determining the main topics of women’s almanacs; synthesis in the study of methods and forms of struggle of active women for their political rights. Results and conclusions. The active political role of the Ukrainian woman-citizen and the popularization of political equality, economic independence − a conscious concept of women’s almanacs N. Kobrynska.

Політичні просвітницькі часописи для польських селянок «Zorza» і «Zorza Ojczysta»: загальні тенденції розвитку

The urgency of the topic of the scientific article is due to modern political science, gender and national studies of women’s movements in European countries, including the Polish women’s movement, which began and developed in Lviv along with the Ukrainian women’s movement. The aim of the article is to analyze and review the issues of Polish women’s magazines for peasant women published in Eastern Galicia in the XIX century in order to clarify the main topics, conscious paradigms of the Polish women’s movement, value concepts of Polish women’s periodicals for peasant women. peasant women in traditional society and their participation in public and state life through political educational journalism. It is important to trace the main trends in the development of the Polish political women’s press and its impact on modern women’s political periodicals, as in the early twentieth century laid the foundation for the development of the modern Polish women’s movement. The scientific article analyzes the negative stereotypes about the traditional role of peasant women in public life on the example of the Polish women’s magazines «Zorza» and «Zorza Ojczysta», published in the early twentieth century. It was found that the traditional views on the role of peasant women are outdated, while the pages of Polish women’s magazines promote: women’s education, self-education, creative realization of women as individuals. The traditional formula for peasant women in society, which has been reduced to marriage and the birth of children, has been criticized for being superficial. Instead, a new image of a politically active woman is taking part in the life of her country and people. Research methods. The study used a set of general and special methods: the method of conceptual analysis in determining the Polish women’s movement; thematic analysis in determining the main topics of Zorza and Zorza Ojczysta; synthesis in the study of methods and forms of struggle of active women for their political rights. Results and conclusions. The active political role of women citizens in rural areas is a conscious concept of the Polish women’s press for peasant women, which was expressed in debunking active rural women of negative stereotypes about the passivity of women who come from the countryside.

Traditional and colonial governance practices and their impact on women’s identities and experiences in French Cameroon: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT In African traditional societies, women oversaw the maintenance of the household by assuming responsibilities such as mother, wife and caretaker. In addition to this, women were involved in economic and political affairs. During the colonial era, however, men were in charge of education, politics and economic affairs, to the near exclusion of women who were specifically trained for home caring roles and on being good wives. This study explores the impact of traditional and colonial systems on women’s identities and lives in French Cameroon. Data was collected from five focus group discussions involving 24 conveniently sampled Cameroonian women aged 55 and above and analyzed using the framework of Content Analysis. The women acknowledged the marginal roles of women in traditional societies although respected and loved, social control and compliance rooted in traditional societies and exacerbated during colonial times, social isolation of women during colonialism because of the traditional roles assigned to women and their fear of white male colonialists, and gender-discriminate colonial education.

Kobiece micwot – rola i pozycja kobiety w świetle religijnego prawa żydowskiego

Women’s Mitzvot: The Role and Position of Women in the Light of the Jewish Religious Law It is not possible to understand the history and present day of Jewish women without placing them in the Jewish tradition, resulting mainly from religion which for centuries was the foundation of Jewish life, regulating its finest aspects. The article describes how the regulations of the religious Jewish law, halakha, determine the place of Jewish women in traditional society, and how the resulting adjustments relate to Jews according to gender. The analysis covers three so-called special women’s mitzvot, i.e. the lighting of the Sabbath lights, the separation of the challah, and the observance of the laws related to the family purity, as well as the resulting positioning of women within a clear apportionment into female−male, public−domestic, or culture−nature.

Ethnic identity erosion in the indigenous Nenets population under globalization influence: gender differences between adolescent girls and boys

Research background: Ethnic identity development, while universal, is also recognized as an especially important prerequisite for economic and social life among indigenous populations [1, 2]. Global transformations such as technology, industrialization, global warming and political and economic forces are impacting positive ethnic identity development in indigenous populations around the world. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences in ethnic identity erosion in the adolescent indigenous Nenets population of the Russian Siberian Arctic Region. Methods: The study sample included 78 children in boarding schools from the northern area of Western Siberia. To define ethnic identity, the “Types of Ethnic Identity” questionnaire [3] was used. Findings & Value added: The study results show that across 8th-9th grade as well as 10-11 grade Nenets adolescent boys perceive their ethnic identity positively. However, the same indicators show girls do not view their ethnic identity as positively. There are also several other interesting gender differences that emerge between the students in each grade. This may be the result of specific gender differences in perceptions about the economic and social realities of tundra life, the position of women in traditional societies as well as the impact of global transformations on indigenous populations overall.

Against the Tide: A Deconstructive Reading of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart

The scholarship on Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart dwells disproportionately on the novel's preoccupation with the twin issues of the place of women in precolonial Igbo society and the disruptive arrival of the first Europeans in an African community. The consensus seems to be that the novel degrades the place of women in traditional society, while it exalts African tradition over European culture with which it came into contact. The present study exhumes these positions with a view to investigating them. Using the deconstructionist model of Jacques Derrida as its framework, the study identifies the binary oppositions constructed around the handling of these thematic preoccupations and upturns the assumed hierarchies which, on the surface, they seem to embody. The study arrives at the finding that the twin positions, which appear to have solidified into a consensus among the overwhelming majority of scholars on the novel, namely that it denigrates women and demeans the white man, are either an exaggeration or a misapprehension. The study finds that the conversation around the novel has by no means reached a foregone conclusion as the novel is susceptible to new and innovative readings, especially revisions of earlier seemingly unassailable readings.

Этнический активизм и гендерные стратегии: женщины в общественном движении коренных малочисленных народов Севера в Якутии в конце ХХ века

The role of women in the activities of socio-political associations of indigenous peoples of Yakutia in the late 20 th century is considered. It is pointed out that the relatively high position of women in traditional societies in the North predetermined their high role in social processes. Particular attention is paid to the conditions in which the Northern aborigines found themselves during the period of industrial development of the territories of their traditional residence. The author notes that the modernization of the socio-economic way of life of the peoples of the North with the intervention of the state is marked by negative trends towards the loss of their way of life and ethno-cultural heritage. Placed in an unequal position with the non-indigenous population, representatives of aboriginal ethnic groups were forced to adapt to changing living standards. At the same time, the greatest adaptability was demonstrated by women, whose commitment to education and higher social activity and mobility predetermined their predominant role in public life. This phenomenon became most noticeable at the end of the 20 th century, when the collapse of the Soviet political system made it possible to defend their rights through ethno-cultural movements and associations. The article was prepared by the order of the Union of women’s organizations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) within the project “Women of the North: Realization of Social Potential in Yakutia”.

Kako bih mogla da budem dobra ili o ženskom pismu Jagode Truhelke

Rad propituje koncept ženskoga pisma Jagode Truhelke s posebnim osvrtom na romane: Plain air i Vojača te odgojni epistolar U carstvu duše. Uz uvažavanje društvenopolitičkoga konteksta kraja 19. i početka 20. stoljeća, nastoji se analizirati ideja autoričine ženske emancipacije te načine njezina interpoliranja u književni tekst. Njezina ženska poetika usmjerena je obrazovanju žene u tradicionalnom društvu kao temelju ženske emancipacije, pritom autorica ostaje u okvirima tradicionalnoga svjetonazora podržavajući muško-žensku dihotomiju te ženi namijenjenu ulogu supruge i majke. Sukladno tome, autorica s jedne strane svoje ženske likove koncipira kao djelatne čimbenike vlastite sudbine (Plain air), dodjeljujući im funkciju iznošenja vlastitih ideja te razvijanja polemičkoga diskursa s patrijarhatom, dok s druge strane, njezini ženski likovi postaju „nevinim“ žrtvama društvenih okolnosti i rodnih stereotipa (Vojača).

"Положение ее довольно сносно...": Взгляды отечественных исследователей второй половины XIX - начала ХХ в. на положение женщины в традиционном обществе (на примере башкир)

"Положение ее довольно сносно...": Взгляды отечественных исследователей второй половины XIX - начала ХХ в. на положение женщины в традиционном обществе (на примере башкир)

A Balcony in Nepal

A Balcony in Nepal