Smoking Women Research Articles

A MODERN VIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF TOBACCO HEATING MEANS ON THE CONDITION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES

Tobacco smoking is one of the urgent social and medical problems of our time, as well as the cause of many serious diseases (oncological, cardiovascular, respiratory, etc.). The prevalence of smoking in Ukraine remains at a fairly high level: on average, 40.1% of men and 8.9% of women smoke (this is almost ¼ of the entire adult population). The harmful effects of tobacco smoking are well known to doctors of various specialties, but few people pay attention to the fact that smoking also causes negative consequences for the oral cavity, because the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and periodontal tissue are the first to be hit by the harmful factor.
 The prevalence of smoking among the population of Ukraine aged 12 and older in 2020 was 16.5%, which is 2% less than in 2019. Since 2006, when electronic cigarettes appeared on the world market, there has been a constant increase in their sales. This increase in sales is reflected in survey data, especially in high-income countries, and is linked to the benefits of e-cigarettes, which some people believe carry fewer health risks compared to traditional cigarettes, due to their lack of toxic chemicals that are formed in large quantities during the combustion of tobacco. Scientific data does not allow us to claim that the use of any type of tobacco product can be safer for health, compared to others. According to a 2020 WHO report, the use of tobacco heating devices containing nicotine leads to symptoms of nicotine dependence. The aerosol of the above-mentioned cigarettes can cause malfunction of some cells of the human body. The reason lies in the composition of their liquids: most of them contain toxic substances metals, carbonyls, harmful aromas, etc. Therefore, the best way to get rid of all risks is to completely stop using tobacco and nicotine in any form. Therefore, it is important for the dental professional to understand the difference between the effects of new products and traditional smoking, while encouraging the patient to completely quit smoking.

Safety of Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.

Smoking during pregnancy is a public health problem worldwide and the leading preventable cause of fetal morbidity and mortality and obstetric disease. Although the risk of tobacco-related harm can be substantially reduced if mothers stop smoking in the first trimester, the proportion of women who do so remains modest; therefore, the treatment of smoking in pregnant women will be the first therapeutic measure that health professionals should adopt when providing care to pregnant women. The recommendation of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy remains controversial due to the potential effects on the health of the fetus. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of human studies about the use of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy, evaluating the efficacy and safety of the different formulations. The electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE were searched from May 2012 to May 2022. A total of 95 articles were identified through database searching using a combination of keywords. Out of 79 screened articles and after the removal of duplicates, 28 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 12 articles were finally included for review. Although demonstrated to be effective in adult smokers, evidence in support of NRT in pregnant women is limited. The results of the apparent safety of the use of NRT during pregnancy contradict the FDA classification of the different NRT formulations. Faster-acting formulations seem to be the safest and even most beneficial forms for the offspring. NRT is not completely harmless for the fetus or for the mother; however, if an adequate assessment of the risk-benefit binomial is made, its use during pregnancy to aid in quitting smoking does seem appropriate. It is necessary to establish individual recommendations on the formulation and dose to be used during pregnancy based on individual nicotinic needs.

672 TRANSCATHETER VS SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR PERCEVAL DEGENERATION: TAILORED STRATEGY FROM THE HEART TEAM

Abstract Transcatheter treatment of degenerated aortic bioprostheses is nowadays a well-established option (Valve-in-vale, ViV); however, some patients may pose some specific challenges. Perceval® is a sutureless, stent-mounted, aortic valve bioprosthesis that can be placed with a less invasive surgical technique. Its nitinol self-expandable stent frame is a bulky structure that anchors to the aortic annulus without the need of continuous suture, thus reducing aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass time. Performing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in Perceval® may be associated with increased risk of coronary obstruction, impaired coronary access and increased post-procedural gradients. Here we present the cases of two patients with Perceval® degeneration that have been treated with two different tailored approaches following a dedicated Heart Team evaluation. R.M. is a 74-year-old, very low-weight, woman with a history of diabetes, severe COPD, 3b stage CKD, rheumatoid arthritis and previous carotid surgery. She underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) with Perceval® “S” bioprosthesis for severe aortic stenosis in 2016. After five years she was diagnosed with severe symptomatic degeneration of the aortic prosthesis (mean gradient 45 mmHg, NYHA class III). The patient was therefore discussed by the Heart Team and scheduled for percutaneous treatment. A ViV with a self-expandable Medtronic 23 mm Evolut™ R bioprosthesis was successfully performed. Hospital stay was uneventful and the patient was discharged on 6th post-operative day in good clinical conditions and good functional class. S.R. is a 70-year-old active smoker woman with a history of previous hemicolectomy for cancer that underwent SAVR in ministernotomy for severe aortic stenosis with Perceval® “L” in 2015. In 2016 she underwent PCI + DES implantation on OM of LCX for an acute coronary syndrome. In 2022 she was diagnosed with severe symptomatic degeneration of the bioprosthesis (mean gradient 40 mmHg, NYHA class II). The patient was referred to Heart Team discussion and scheduled for surgical reintervention. She underwent successful surgery with implantation of a Medtronic Avalus™ 23 mm bioprosthesis, followed by regular rehabilitation. In the first case the severe comorbidities and frailty made the surgical risk almost prohibitive for reintervention (STS-M 9,23%, STS-MM 23,7%, Euroscore II 6,18%). Moreover, there was very little concern about the risk of impaired coronary access afterwards. The second patient, instead, had an acceptable risk for surgery (STS-M 2,2%, STS-MM 10,6%, Euroscore II 4.45%); there was also a significant concern about the risk of impaired coronary access in case of ViV, since she already had a history of percutaneous coronary revascularization. Furthermore, from a lifetime management point of view it is possible to hypothesize easier future reintervention with a TAVR in SAVR instead of a complex TAVR in TAVR in SAVR. Thus, although ViV was technically feasible in both cases with predictable good short-term outcomes, we decided for opposite treatments by looking at individualized long-term needs. In Conclusion the choice between surgical and transcatheter intervention must be based not only on careful evaluation of clinical, anatomical and procedural characteristics but also on future perspectives, especially in patients with longer life expectancy.

Living without Partnered Sex in Germany. Results From the First Representative, Population-based German Health and Sexuality Survey (GeSiD)

Broader insights into the life situations of sexually inactive adults in Germany are widely unexplored. Within the nationally-representative survey GeSiD (German Health and Sexuality Survey), undertaken 2018-2019, data of 4,758 participants with lifetime interpersonal sexual experience aged 18-75 years (men: n = 2234; women: n = 2524) were analyzed in regards to partnered sexual inactivity in the past 12 months (PSI; no genital-involving sexual contact with another person). Overall, advanced age, being single and impaired health conditions were associated with PSI. Data showed gender-specific associations with PSI, such as less alcohol, smoking and drug use in women. PSI was associated with lower general life satisfaction throughout different age groups.

UK women smokers' experiences of an age-progression smoking cessation intervention: Thematic analysis of accounts.

Appearance-related interventions to promote healthy behaviour have been found effective to communicate health risks. The current study aimed to explore women smokers' experiences of age-progression software showing the effects of smoking on the face. A qualitative design was implemented, utilizing both individual interviews and focus groups within a critical realist framework. Fifteen, 19-52 year-old women smokers were administered an age-progression intervention. All participants responded to the intervention, engaged in semi-structured interviews, and were invited back to attend one of three focus groups. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: Health versus Appearance, Shock Reaction, Perceived Susceptibility, and Intention to Quit. Participants found the intervention useful, voicing need for a comprehensive approach that includes both appearance and health. Despite increases in appearance-based apps which could diminish impact, women's accounts of shock induced by the aged smoking-morphed images were similar to previous work conducted more than ten years previously. The study provides novel insights in how women smokers currently perceive, and react to, an age-progression intervention for smoking cessation. Findings emphasise the implementation of this intervention type accompanied by health information in a range of patient settings.

Exposure-response analysis of the association of maternal smoking and use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) in relation to preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age in a national US sample, 2016-2018.

The US experienced a surge in use of e-cigarettes. Smoking women may consider e-cigarettes during pregnancy as an alternative to smoking. E-cigarettes typically contain nicotine, an established cause of reduction in fetal growth in animal studies. This cohort study included 99,201 mothers who delivered live singletons in 2016-2018 from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. We created exposure categories based on self-reported number of cigarettes smoked per day and vaping frequency and evaluated their associations with preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth (two established cigarette smoking-related risks). Dual users in late pregnancy were a heterogeneous group: 29% lightly smoked and occasionally vaped; 19% lightly smoked and frequently vaped; 36% heavily smoked and occasionally vaped; and 15% heavily smoked and frequently vaped. While dual users who heavily smoked and occasionally vaped had the highest adjusted OR for SGA (3.4, 95% CI 2.0, 5.7), all the dual users had, on average, about twice the odds of having SGA than non-users. While the risks of preterm birth were higher among sole light smokers (adjusted OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.5) and sole heavy smokers (adjusted OR 1.5. 95% CI 1.2, 1.8) than non-users, the adjusted odds of preterm birth for dual users were not noticeably higher than those of non-users. Relative to non-users, both smoking and vaping during pregnancy appear to increase risk of SGA, but excess risk of preterm birth appears to be primarily attributable to smoking alone. Higher levels of exposure tended to confer more risk.

The effects of smoking on female sexual dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The increased number of female smokers is considered a global health challenge in recent years. One of the detrimental effects of smoking is sexual hormone fluctuation causing female sexual dysfunction (FSD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of smoking leading to FSD. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) were hired for systematic searching. Until June 2022, whole qualified studies reporting the consequences of smoking on FSD were gathered for data analysis based on the random effects model (CMA software, v.2). Study heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed using I2 index and Egger test, respectively. Ten eligible studies with a sample size of 15,334 female smokers (18-79years) were selected. Following data analysis, the odds ratio representing the effects of smoking on FSD was found 1.48 (95%CI: 1.2-1.83), indicating that female smokers were 48% more susceptible to FSD than non-smokers. Also, the publication bias was reported as non-significant (p = 0.178). Since smoking is an increasingly common phenomenon in females and women smokers are 48% more susceptible to the FSD, preparation of necessary health measures by the health policymakers to reduce the number of female smokers and subsequent health services seems necessary.

Smoking is associated with an increased risk for fractures in women after childbirth: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland.

Smoking weakens bone health and increases the risk of fractures. We investigated the incidence of fractures in smoking, fertile-aged women and compared it with that of non-smoking, fertile-aged women using data from nationwide registers. We conducted a retrospective register-based nationwide cohort study from 1998 to 2018. We identified all women smoking during pregnancy from the Medical Birth Register and compared these with non-smokers. We gathered fractures for both groups from the Care Register for Health Care. Pregnancies with missing smoking or socioeconomic status were excluded. A Cox regression model was used to analyze adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for fractures during the 5-year follow-up starting from delivery. The model was adjusted for the age of the mother at the time of delivery and socioeconomic status. The smoking group included 110,675 pregnancies and the non-smoking group 628,085 pregnancies. The overall fracture rate was higher in smokers after 1-year follow-up (aHR 1.7, CI 1.5-2.0) and 5-year follow-up (aHR 1.7, CI 1.6-1.8). After 5-year follow-up, the fracture rates for polytraumas (aHR 2.3, CI 1.4-3.7), inpatient admitted fractures (aHR 2.0, CI 1.7-2.4), and non-admitted fractures (aHR 1.8, CI 1.7-1.9) were all higher among smoking women. Smoking in fertile-aged women was associated with a higher risk of fractures during the 1-year and 5-year follow-up after giving birth, also after adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. Whether the increased fracture risk is caused by direct effects of smoking on bone health or riskier behavior remains uncertain.

Risk Factors Associated with CIN2+ in Spanish Patients with L-SIL/ASCUS Cytology Collected from a Madrid Hospital.

To analyze the risk factors associated with H-SIL/CIN2+ in a cohort of patients with ASCUS or L-SIL in a Pap smear. Between 2012 and 2022, 1259 eligible women with ASCUS/L-SIL were referred for colposcopy. The risk factors associated with H-SIL/CIN2+ were analyzed. The colposcopic study, conventional or assisted with dynamic spectral imaging (DSI), was performed in all cases. Guided biopsies were performed in cases of abnormal examination or random biopsies when no lesions were found. A LEEP was performed in H-SIL/CIN2+ results or persistent LSIL/CIN. A normal or metaplastic specimen was found in 750 women (63.2%), LSIL/CIN1 in 346 (29.1%), and H-SIL/CIN2+ in 92 (7.7%). The presence of HR-HPV (OR = 2.1; IC 95% = 1.4-3.2), smoking habits (OR = 2.2; IC 95% = 1.4-3.5), and the performance of DSI combined with colposcopy (OR = 0.6; IC 95% = 0.37-0.83) were the factors associated with the detection of H-SIL/CIN2+. A summative effect of HR-HPV and smoking habit (OR = 2.9; IC 95% = 1.7-5.0) was observed in the detection of H-SIL/CIN2+. In multivariate analysis, the presence of HPV 16/18 was the unique independent factor associated with H-SIL/CIN2+. In women carrying an ASCUS/LSIL in the Pap smear, the unique independent factor predictive of H-SIL/CIN2+ is the presence of the HPV 16/18 genotype. Smoking women carrying ASCUS/LSIL with HR-HPV should be targeted for stricter follow-up to avoid an unsuspected H-SIL/CIN2+.

An intersectional life-course perspective on Black women’s smoking trajectories

Attempting to address health disparities via a single analytical category (e.g., gender or race) overlooks the complex ways multiple social categories and institutions intersect to create health disparities. Grounded in the intersectional life-course perspective, this study examines how the lived experiences of gender, race, and class, and interlocking systems of oppression shape Black women's smoking trajectories. Black women exhibit a unique smoking trajectory compared to others: the onset of smoking occurs later but they have an increased likelihood of smoking over their life course. Nevertheless, despite this distinctive smoking trajectory and disproportionately higher smoking-related health issues among Black smokers, few qualitative studies investigate their smoking patterns. This qualitative research fills that gap by applying an intersectional life-course perspective and grounded theory. Drawing on 40 in-depth interviews with socioeconomically disadvantaged Black women who were current and former smokers, this study identifies the following smoking trajectories among the study participants: early onset of experimental smoking, intermittent smoking in adolescence, and daily smoking in young adulthood. Additionally, data indicates three life-course pathways through which the transition from intermittent to daily smoking occurs: (a) social norms surrounding smoking; (b) financial (in)dependence; and, (c) gendered, raced, and classed stressors. These pathways intertwine and can co-occur. Findings suggest considering diverse life-course patterns of smoking across the intersections of gender, race, class, and socio-geographical contexts in future research and policies.

A Meta-Analysis of Induced Abortion, Alcohol Consumption, and Smoking Triggering Breast Cancer Risk among Women from Developed and Least Developed Countries.

The most prominent form of cancer in women is breast cancer, and modifiable lifestyle risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and induced abortion, can all contribute significantly to this disease. This study's primary purpose was to assess the prevalence of breast cancer among women in developed and developing countries and the association between three modifiable hazard factors (induced abortion, smoking behavior, and alcohol use) and breast cancer. This study performed a systematic literature database review up to September 21, 2021. We employed meta-analytic tools such as the random effects model, forest plot, and subgroup analysis to conduct the research. Additionally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of outliers. According to the random effects model, smoker women have a higher risk of developing breast cancer from different countries (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.08-1.97). In the case of induced abortion, the pooled estimate (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.01-1.53) indicated a significant link between abortion and breast cancer. Subgroup analysis revealed that smoking substantially influences breast cancer in developing and developed countries. Breast cancer was more common among women who smoked in developed countries than in developing nations. The observed findings give sufficient support for the hypothesis that smoking and abortion have a significant influence on breast cancer in different nations. Health organizations should individually design comprehensive scientific plans to raise awareness about the risks of abortion and smoking in developed and developing countries.

Factors associated with smokefree rules in the homes of Black/African American women smokers residing in low-resource rural communities

Little is known about the implementation of voluntary policies in the homes of Black/African American women smokers who live in rural areas where health care access is limited. This paper examines 1) the sample's prevalence of comprehensive smoke-free rules; 2) sociodemographic, social, and smoking characteristics of women by home rule type; and 3) the association of social indicators with the outcome complete ban on smoked tobacco use in the home (n = 191). Families Rising to Enforce Smokefree Homes collected baseline data from 2019 to 2021 prior to randomization to an intervention that aimed to increase comprehensive smokefree policies in the homes African American women living in the rural Delta region of Arkansas. The primary outcome was implementation of a complete ban on all smoked tobacco products anywhere inside the home. Results showed that 26% of women had a rule that completely banned all smoked tobacco products in the home. Women who reported having no ban were more likely to be employed part-time (50.0%), while women with a partial (66.9%) or complete ban (60.0%) were more likely to not currently work for pay. Women who indicated that they just meet basic expenses and meet needs with little left had significantly lower odds of having a complete ban on smoked tobacco in the home than women who indicated that they live comfortably. Perceived financial security may be a motivating factor that helps women keep their homes free from all smoked tobacco products (# NCT03476837).

Gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking: a cross-sectional study from Chinese internal migrants

ObjectivesTo identify clues for women’s tobacco control, this study analyses the gender differences in social environmental changes associated with smoking and the interaction between the environment and individuals’ social integration.Design,...

How place matters for smoking cessation: Barriers to smoking cessation among low-income Black women.

African Americans start smoking later in life, yet they are less likely to quit smoking than other racial/ethnic groups. Drawing upon 40 in-depth interviews with former and current Black women smokers in the South Side of Chicago, this study examines external barriers to successful smoking cessation among socioeconomically disadvantaged Black women smokers. Beyond individual factors (e.g., stressors), this study finds interpersonal and structural factors that influence Black women's cessation efforts, including the high prevalence and normality of smoking and access to cheaper, loose cigarettes in their communities. Findings highlight the importance of considering local contexts for future tobacco research and policies.

Factors associated with predictors of smoking cessation from a Norwegian internet-based smoking cessation intervention study.

We examined if we could identify predictors for smoking cessation at six months post cessation, among smokers enrolled in a large Norwegian population-based intervention study. We followed 4333 (72.1% women) smokers who enrolled in an internet-based smoking cessation intervention during 2010-2012. The baseline questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, including current snus use. The cessation outcome was self-reported no smoking past seven days, at six months. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals, to identify predictors of smoking cessation, adjusting for potential confounders. Women (OR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.01-1.69) compared with men, and those with medium (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.02-1.68) and longer (OR=1.42; 95% CI: 1.06-1.90) education compared with those with shorter education, were more likely to be successful quitters.Overall, being a student (OR=0.56; 95% CI: 0.37-0.85) compared with having full-time work, and a moderate to high Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) score (OR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.55-0.87) compared with a low score, were predictors for unsuccessful cessation. Current snus use was a predictor for unsuccessful cessation compared to no snus use for both men (OR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.28-0.88) and women (OR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.32-0.75). Our study identifies female sex and longer education as predictors for successful smoking cessation, while a medium or high FTND score, being a student, and current snus use, were predictors for unsuccessful smoking cessation. Only current snus use was a predictor for unsuccessful cessation for both sexes. Our results indicate that smokers should be warned that snus use may prevent successful smoking cessation.

Features of personality traits in smoking students — residents of the Northern territories of Russia

AIM: To identify psychological factors of the risk of tobacco addiction among students of the European North of Russia.
 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 137 students of Arkhangelsk state universities, comprising 37 men and 100 women aged from 17 to 25 years, preselected for a number of characteristics (born in Arkhangelsk or the Arkhangelsk region; raised in a full, socially prosperous family; without financial and household problems; without chronic somatic and neurological diseases). Identification and analysis of tobacco smoking experience were carried out by retrospective self-assessment of the subjects. The psychological status of the respondents was determined by assessing the indicators of the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire (FPI); accentuations of temperament and character, suggestibility, frustration, irritability and resentment; adventurousness, behavioral, social, professional, economic, political activity, and social destructiveness. The WilcoxonMannWhitney method and Fishers F-criterion were used for statistical analyzes.
 RESULTS: In the group of smoking men, high values of hyperthymia (Me=18 units), masculinity (Me=8 units), sociability (Me=9 units), behavioral activity (Me=7 units), and social activity (Me=7 units) were recorded. In the group of smoking women, high values of exaltation (Me=24 units), masculinity (Me=8 units), sociability (Me=9 units), and social activity (Me=7 units) were recorded.
 CONCLUSION: This study reports, for the first time, the features of personality traits in smoking boys and girls permanently residing in the Northern territories of the Russian Federation. Psychological factors of the risk of tobacco addiction formation in boys and girls permanently residing in the Northern territories of the Russian Federation have been determined.

Atypical working hours are associated with tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use

Abstract Background We examined prospective associations between atypical working hours, substance use and sugar and fat consumption. Methods In the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 47,288 men and 53,324 women currently employed included between 2012 and 2017 were annually followed for tobacco and cannabis use; among them, 35,647 men and 39,767 women included between 2012 and 2016 were also followed for alcohol and sugar and fat consumption. Three indicators of atypical working hours were self-reported at baseline: working at night, weekend work and non-fixed working hours. Generalized linear models computed odds of substance use and sugar and fat consumption at follow-up according to atypical working hours at baseline while adjusting for sociodemographic factors, depression and baseline substance use if appropriate. Results Working at night was associated with increased tobacco use in women [odds ratios ranging from 1.45 to 1.48], with increased cannabis use in men [from 1.40 to 1.54] and with increased alcohol use in both men and women [from 1.12 to 1.14]. Weekend work and non-fixed working hours were associated with increased tobacco and alcohol use in both men and women [from 1.15 to 1.54 and 1.12 to 1.14, respectively]. Dose-dependent relationships were found regarding the association between working at night and tobacco use in women as well as regarding non-fixed working hours and tobacco use in both men and women (P for trends <0.001). Conclusions The potential role of atypical working hours on substance use should be considered by public health policy makers and clinicians in information and prevention strategies. Key messages • Night shifts were associated with increased smoking in women with dose-dependent relationships, cannabis use in men and alcohol use in both. • Weekend work and non-fixed working hours were associated with increased alcohol and tobacco use with dose-dependent relationships in men and women.

Predictors of cigarette smoking in pregnant women with substance use disorders

Background Cigarette smoking is common among pregnant women with substance use disorders (SUD) and may contribute to more adverse health consequences for the infant than alcohol and illicit drug use. However, most studies focused on stopping illicit drug use and paid little attention to cigarette smoking in pregnant women with SUD. Purpose To identify predictors of current smoking among pregnant women with SUD, given past-month psychological distress, alcohol use and illicit drug use, the receipt of past-year mental health and substance use treatment controlling for potential confounders. Methods Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2015–2019 was conducted. The NSDUH included 3,540 pregnant women aged 18–44 years; among them were 195 lifetime smokers with SUD. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine the probability of prenatal smoking. Results Sixty-one percent of pregnant women with SUD reported current cigarette smoking. The likelihood of prenatal smoking increased with a higher level of past-month psychological distress (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.14; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.02–1.28), past-month illicit drug use (AOR: 5.68; 95% CI: 1.59–20.21), and past-year substance use treatment receipt (AOR: 5.73; 95% CI: 1.88–17.45). Conclusion The receipt of substance use treatment markedly increased the probability of smoking in pregnant women with SUD. Treatment and policy initiatives are required to address and integrate cigarette smoking within other substance use treatment modalities for pregnant women with SUD.

Effect of financial voucher incentives provided with UK stop smoking services on the cessation of smoking in pregnant women (CPIT III): pragmatic, multicentre, single blinded, phase 3, randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo examine effectiveness, cost effectiveness, generalisability, and acceptability of financial incentives for smoking cessation during pregnancy in addition to variously organised UK stop smoking services.DesignPragmatic, multicentre, single blinded, phase 3,...

Smoking and pancreatic cancer: a sex-specific analysis in the Multiethnic Cohort study

PurposeTo examine whether the detrimental smoking-related association with pancreatic cancer (PC) is the same for women as for men.MethodsWe analyzed data from 192,035 participants aged 45–75 years, enrolled in the Multiethnic Cohort study (MEC) in 1993–1996. We identified PC cases via linkage to the Hawaii and California Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program cancer registries through December 2017.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 19.2 years, we identified 1,936 incident PC cases. Women smokers smoked on average less than men smokers. In multivariate Cox regression models, as compared with sex-specific never smokers, current smokers had a similar elevated risk of PC for women, hazard ratio (HR) 1.49 (95% CI 1.24, 1.79) and as for men, HR 1.48 (95% CI 1.22, 1.79) (pheterogeneity: 0.79). Former smokers showed a decrease in risk of PC for men within 5 years, HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.57, 0.97) and for women within 10 years after quitting, HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.50, 0.96), compared with their sex-specific current smokers. Both sexes showed a consistent, strong, positive dose–response association with PC for the four measures (age at initiation, duration, number of cigarettes per day, number of pack-years) of smoking exposure among current smokers and an inverse association for years of quitting and age at smoking cessation among former smokers (all ptrend’s < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough MEC women smoke on average less than their men counterparts, the smoking-related increase in PC risk and the benefits of cessation seem to be of similar magnitudes for women as for men.