Liver Of Wistar Rats Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Levamisole and Broccoli in Lead Poisoning: Hematobiochemical Changes and Tissue Damage in the Liver, Kidney, and Spleen of Wistar Rats.

Lead, a heavy metal, has emerged as one of the most significant pollutants, bearing irreversible consequences on human and animal health in conjunction with industrial development. Presently, the use of medicinal plants to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity has captured the attention of researchers. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of levamisole and broccoli extract on the electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins, hematological parameters, and histopathological alterations in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues within a lead poisoning model of rats. This experimental investigation spanned 28 days, involving 42 male Wistar rats categorized into seven groups: a control group, a lead acetate (AL) group administered at 1000 ppm in drinking water, a broccoli (B) group at 300 mg/kg/day, a levamisole (LE) group at 2.5 mg/kg/day, and combination groups of lead and broccoli (AL + B), lead and levamisole (AL + LE), and lead, broccoli, and levamisole (AL + LE + B). Upon completion of the study, hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed, and serum protein concentrations were analyzed using electrophoresis. Liver, kidney, and spleen tissues were fixed and subjected to histopathological examination with H&E staining. The findings indicated a significant decrease in white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in the AL group compared to other groups (p < 0.01). Conversely, the B group exhibited a notable increase in RBC and WBC compared to the AL group (p < 0.05). The most pronounced lead-induced damage was observed in the liver, resulting in elevated levels of specific enzymes such as AST and ALT in the AL group, accompanied by a decline in albumin and total protein (p < 0.001). A reduction in globulin levels, including Beta-2 globulin, was noted in the AL + B and AL + LE groups compared to the AL group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). Histopathological findings also unveiled increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and hemorrhage in the liver tissue, followed by the spleen, significantly higher in the AL group compared to other experimental groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, congestion and inflammation were evident in the spleen tissue compared to other groups. These tissue damages were mitigated in other combination treatment groups. Based on the aforementioned results, the combination of broccoli and levamisole is deemed effective in ameliorating liver and spleen injuries caused by lead and enhancing biochemical parameters and serum proteins.

Protective effect of 1, 8-cineole (eucalyptol) against lead-induced liver injury by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation and modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling.

This study was conducted to explore the impact of 1, 8-cineole (eucalyptol) on the biochemical, molecular, and histological changes caused by lead acetate in the liver of adult male Wistar rats. The research also investigated the potential involvement of the TLR4 signaling pathway in this effect. Rats were orally administered lead acetate (25 mg/kg-day) for 14 consecutive days and received 1, 8-cineole (100 mg/kg-day) during the same period. 1, 8-cineole prevented an increase in the malondialdehyde level, a decrease in the glutathione level, and a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in the liver of rats treated with lead acetate. This monoterpene also prevented an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver parenchyma. Additionally, 1, 8-cineole discouraged the increase in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression in the liver and stopped a rise in serum AST and ALT enzymes. 1, 8-cineole can prevent liver damage caused by lead acetate by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. This hepatoprotection is probably achieved by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling.

Eco-friendly synthesis and assessment of chrysin – primed zinc ferrite nanoparticles against vinyl chloride and 2-acetylaminofluorene model of hepatorenal injury in rats

Co-exposure to environmental toxicants is becoming an emerging problem globally. This study investigated the potential of chrysin-primed zinc-ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4@Chrysin) to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation in vinyl chloride (VC) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) induced liver and kidney toxicities in male Wistar rats. ZnFe2O4@Chrysin was identified using x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron micrographs. Molecular orbital distributions in chrysin were determined using Density Functional Theorem analyses. Forty –two rats were placed in six groups of seven animals each, and orally administered with ZnFe2O4@Chrysin (10, 20, 50 mg/kg), VC (50 mg/kg) and 2-AAF (30 mg/kg) over a period of 28 days. Liver and kidney function, lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine and cancer parameters were evaluated. Treatment with ZnFe2O4@Chrysin ameliorated the VC + 2-AAF induced elevations in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, and sodium and potassium levels. VC + 2-AAF also caused significant elevations in superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase levels which were restored by ZnFe2O4@Chrysin. Elevated levels of alpha fetoprotein, C-reactive protein (CRP) and thyroid stimulating hormone in VC + 2-AAF treated rats were significantly reversed by ZnFe2O4@Chrysin. ZnFe2O4@Chrysin also restored the histoarchitecture of the kidney and liver of rats exposed to VC + 2-AAF. This study suggests that ZnFe2O4@Chrysin offered protection against VC and 2-AAF induced alterations in biochemical indices of rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.

The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats

Background. Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in milk thistle, has been used to treat liver and brain injuries in humans and animals. The study aims to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on spatial and passive avoidance memory, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in the brain and liver tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats. Methods. The study involved 30 female Wistar rats divided into control, sham, and three silymarin-treated groups. After ovariectomy, rats underwent CT scan, and some of them were administered silymarin via gavage for 2 months. Memory and learning were assessed using Morris water maze and shuttle box tests. Brain and liver tissues were analyzed for inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (CAT, SOD, and MDA) after sacrifice. Results. Silymarin improved spatial memory and fear learning compared to the sham group (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001). It also significantly reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the cortex, hippocampus, and liver (P≤0.05 to P≤0.0001) and increased CAT and SOD while decreasing MDA levels (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001) compared to control and sham groups. Conclusion. Long-term administration of silymarin extract can improve learning and memory, reverse cognitive impairment caused by ovariectomy, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory factors induced by ovariectomy in the liver and brain of Wistar rats. This is due to the reduction in MDA levels and an increase in CAT activity, although silymarin has some effect on SOD at high doses.

Application of Several Special Staining Methods for Paraffin Sections on Epon-Embedded Semithin Sections

Aim: This study aimed to compare several specific staining protocols recommended for paraffin sections and toluidine blue and light green double staining combination to be tried for the first time with routine toluidine blue staining on semithin epon sections.&#x0D; Material and Methods: Samples of 1x1x1 mm were taken from the liver, skin, and aorta tissues of Wistar albino adult rats. Tissue samples were fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde at +4º C overnight, postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for one hour, and then, blocked with Epon 812 after processing. Semithin sections of 1 μm thickness were obtained from the epon blocks. Sections were stained with Altmann’s method (for mitochondria), Verhoeff’s method (for elastic fibers), Gordon&amp;Sweets’ silver impregnation method (for type III collagen), toluidine blue and light green double staining combination (for type I collagen) and routine toluidine blue method.&#x0D; Results: In liver sections, mitochondria in hepatocytes were differentiated by the Altmann method, and stromal type III collagen fibers were distinguished with Gordon&amp;Sweets’ method. Elastic lamellar structures were easily observed in black in the aortic sections stained with the Verhoeff method. Successful results were obtained in the staining of dermal type I collagen with toluidine blue and light green double staining in skin sections.&#x0D; Conclusion: Since the specific staining tried for the first time gave positive results in epon sections, it was concluded that these methods can be used to determine the localization of cellular and intercellular components that are aimed to be examined at the ultrastructural level.

Trace Metal Accumulation in Rats Exposed to Mine Waters: A Case Study, Bor Area (Serbia).

Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) levels were measured in the Bor City water supply system (control) and two watercourses exposed to mining wastewaters, i.e., the Lutarica River (one site) and the Kriveljska River (two sites). The same parameters were determined in the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, liver, spleen, kidneys, and testes of male Wistar rats given water from these sources for 2 months. Water Cu, Fe, Cd, and Pb were outside the safe range, excepting the reference site. Significant impacts on intra-organ metal homeostasis were detected, especially in the brain, stomach, kidneys, and testes. The dynamics and magnitude of these changes (versus controls) depended on the target organ, analyzed metal, and water origin. The greatest number of significant intra-organ associations between essential and non-essential metals were found for Cd-Zn, Cd-Cu, and Cd-Mn. A regression analysis suggested the kidneys as the most relevant organ for monitoring water manganese, and the stomach and brain for lead. These results highlight the environmental risks associated with mining wastewaters from the Bor area and could help scientists in mapping the spatial distribution and severity of trace metal contamination in water sources.

Associated Risks and Pathogenic Effects of Consumption of Calcium Carbide-Ripened Banana Before and/or During Pregnancy on Maternal and Neonatal Livers

Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a commonly used ripening agent, although its primary use is in welding. Use of CaC2 in ripening fruits is considered harmful because it contains traces of phosphorous and arsenic. Aim of this study was to investigate associated risks and pathogenic (biochemical and histological) effects of consuming CaC2-ripened banana as a meal, before and/or during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal livers of adult female wistar rats. 36 healthy-looking, nulliparous, adult female wistar rats weighing between 150-200g were utilized. Rats were divided into 2 groups namely Group A and Group B. Each group had 4 subgroups (A1, A2, A3 and A4) for Group A as well as (B1, B2, B3 and B4) for Group B. Rats in group A received CaC2-ripened banana blended into their meal before and during pregnancy while group B rats received the same meal during pregnancy only. Subgroups A1 and B1 (positive control) received a naturally ripened banana with 0% CaC2, subgroups A2 and B2 received 1% CaC2-ripened bananas whereas subgroups A3 and B3 received 2% CaC2-ripened bananas. Subgroups A4 and B4 received CaC2-ripened bananas (bought from the market) randomly. The two groups A and B had one common negative control group which did not receive any banana (CaC2-ripened or non-CaC2-ripened) blended meal. Liver enzyme assay for group A showed that the positive control subgroup (A1) had mean AST (26.00±2.00 iu/L), ALT (33.00±3.00 iu/L), albumin (3.80±0.20 g/dL), direct (conjugated) bilirubin (1.10±0.10 mg/dL), and total bilirubin (1.95±0.15 mg/dL). These values were not significantly different (p≥0.05) compared with their respective values in the negative control subgroup except for ALT (p&lt;0.05). Group B showed that subgroups B2, B3, and B4 had mean AST, ALT, albumin, direct bilirubin and total bilirubin values which were not significantly different (p≥0.05) compared with their respective values in the negative control subgroup. Histological findings confirm a damaging effect on the liver’s histoarchitecture of both mother and neonate. Consumption of CaC2-ripened banana before and/or during pregnancy has associated risks and pathogenic effects on maternal and neonatal livers.

Ameliorative effects of Buchholzia coriacea seed on aluminium chloride induced cytotoxicity in the liver of adult male wistar rats

Abstract Buchholzia coriacea seeds has been reported to have various medicinal properties. This study evaluates the effect of the aqueous extract of Buchholzia coriacea seed (wonderful kola), on Aluminium chloride induced liver toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. 24 rats weighing between 90g-200g were divided into five groups. Group A- (the control group) received water and animal chow. Group B received 200mg/kg of AlCl3 only, Group C received 200mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract Buchholzia coriacea only. Group D received 50mg/kg body weight body weight (Low Dose) of aqueous extract Buchholzia coriacea and (200mg/kg) AlCl3 . Group E received 250mg/kg body weight (High Dose) of aqueous extract of Buchholzia coriacea and (200mg/kg) AlCl3 . The animals were sacrificed, the liver was excised and processed for routine paraffin sections at 5micromes thick. Sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin to demonstrate histoarchitecture. Biochemical analysis was also carried out to determine the effects on liver antioxidant enzymes. Histological assessment showed narrowed central vein, degeneration of hepatocytes and distortion of sinusoids in the AlCl3 alone treated groups. The histoarchitecture of the liver in the other groups showed improvement especially in Group E (High Dose of B. coriacea) and Group C (B. coriacea extract only). The biochemical analysis on the other hand showed significantly reduced activities in GSH, SOD, CAT and significantly increased level of MDA in the Alcl3 only group. In the other groups, MDA levels reduced, GSH, SOD and CAT also increased enzymatic activities following the administration of B. coriacea. The study concludes that Buchholzia coriacea seed extract plays a role in protecting liver from Alcl3 toxicity

Evaluation of the Venous System of Wistar Rat Liver by Injection with Epoxy Resin

The rat is the most widely used experimental model in surgical research due to several factors, including that it is easy to handle and inexpensive. It can be used in investigations related to liver regeneration, liver metastases, or transplant immunology. This study highlights the venous components of the hepatic circulation in the Wistar rat by intravascular injection of a polymer that allows the assessment of the distribution of vessels, regardless of their caliber. Five cadavers of 11-month-old male Wistar rats from the USAMV Cluj-Napoca biobase destined for incineration, were used to highlight the liver venous system. A dye mixture, consisting of epoxy resin-catalyst-blue acrylic dye in a 2:1:1 ratio, was injected. After 24 hours, biological tissues were macerated by immersion in 10% KOH solution for five days. The intrahepatic venous system is represented by the venous branches that continue into the liver lobes. Those vessels follow a parallel trajectory with the hepatic artery branches represented by the right and left ramifications. The right portal vein presents branches to the lateral and medial parts of the right lobe of the liver and the caudate lobe. The left branch of the portal vein has ramificationsfor the lateral and medial parts of the left lobe and the quadrate lobe. The technique of injecting the venous circulation of the liver, followed by tissue maceration, allowed the removal by anatomical dissection of all liver components that permits the identification of all components of the venous system, including the finest venous branches of the hepatic circulation.

Hepato-renal toxicity of low dose metal(oid)s mixture in real-life risk simulation in rats: Effects on Nrf2/HO-1 signalling and redox status

The understanding that humans are exposed to a low level of toxic metals and metalloids in their lifetime has resulted in a shift in scientific and regulatory perspectives from the traditional evaluation of single metal toxicity to complex mixtures, relevant to real-life exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of real-life, 90-days exposure to mixture of toxic metal(oid)s, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, As and Hg, on the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 and hemoxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signalling and redox status by assessing total sulfhydryl groups (SH), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Animals (20 males and 20 females) were randomized in 2 control and 6 treated groups that received by oral gavage mixture of metal(oid)s solutions in doses that reflect blood metal(oid) levels determined in previous human biomonitoring study as benchmark dose (F/M _BMD), median (F/M _MED), and 95th percentile (F/M _95). Our results have shown that metal(oid)s mixture impaired the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the kidney and liver of male rats and kidney of female rats, followed by depletion of GSH levels in males. Additionally, in males elevated levels of IMA in the liver were observed, while in both genders increased MDA levels were observed in the kidney. Interestingly, the effects were more pronounced in male than in female rats. This study is among the first that examined hepato-renal toxic mechanisms of real-life metal mixture exposure, while our results might be of immense importance for assessing the risk of exposure to mixtures of toxic substances.

The Effect of sub-chronic Linuron Exposure on Thyroid, Liver, and Kidney Function in Male Wistar Rats.

Herbicides are routinely used to control noxious plants. Most of these chemicals may cause toxicity and endocrine disruption in humans and wildlife. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of linuron on thyroid hormone levels and some hepatic and renal parameters and organ (thyroid, liver and kidney) structures to assume their toxicity toward experimental animals and to evaluate the endocrine disrupting capacity of this chemical. Two groups (8 rats each) were used for an in vivo study. The lot I served as control. Lot II was exposed to 40mg/200mg/day pesticide for 50 days. Changes in hepatic and renal parameters and histological structure were investigated in different treated groups. Data from this study showed that linuron altered thyroid function as evidenced by abnormal TSH, T4, and T3 levels. Furthermore, exposure to linuron induces a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, glutathione, and malondialdehyde. Previous data were confirmed through the histopathological examination of different organs. The most used phenylurea herbicide, linuron, disrupted thyroid function at a 40mg/200mg/day dose and produced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney in male Wistar rats. The data of this study warrant further investigation.

Serum biochemical parameters profile of Wistar rats following daily administration of some food spices

Garlic, ginger, and turmeric are widely used together or individually as spices in food or for their different medicinal purposes all around Nigeria. This study was conducted to assess the effects of consuming either of the three samples on the livers of wistar rats. Standard methods of analyses were employed for the study. A set of fifteen male Wistar Rats divided equally into three groups of which group I served as control and groups II and III as test groups were used for each of the samples; a total of 45 wistar rats were used for this study. The rats in the test groups for each of the samples were placed on different concentrations (group II: 100 mg/kg Body Weight and group III: 200 mg/kg BW) of the sample extract for 21 days. Results obtained reveal that ethanol extracts (100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW) of garlic significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced the liver enzymes Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and the bilirubin levels but significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) against the control. However, ginger extracts and turmeric extracts significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased ALT and AST in the test groups against the control, and while ginger extracts significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased the levels of bilirubins, turmeric extracts significantly (p&lt;0.05) reduced the levels of bilirubins in the attest groups against the control. The significant decrease in the levels of ALT, ALP, total and conjugated bilirubin levels by garlic extracts shows garlic hepatoprotective potential while the significant increase in the levels of ALT and AST by ginger extracts and turmeric extracts shows their hepatotoxic potential to the body of the experimental animals employed.

Protective role of Vitis vinifera L extract against imidacloprid-intoxicated kidney, liver, and testis in Wistar rats

Protective role of Vitis vinifera L extract against imidacloprid-intoxicated kidney, liver, and testis in Wistar rats

Zinc Transporters in the Livers of Healthy Male Wistar Rats: An Investigation of the Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Supplementation with Pumpkin Seed and White Pea

Background: The current study aims to investigate the impacts of aerobic exercise with pumpkin seed oil and white pea extract supplementation on the gene expression of the liver zinc transporters of healthy male Wistar rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats (130 - 150 g, aged 4-6 weeks old) were divided into 6 groups (n = 10/groups) by randomization. These groups include (1) saline control, (2) saline training, (3) pumpkin seed oil control, (4) pumpkin seed oil training, (5) control-pea, and (6) training-pea. The aerobic exercise protocol consisted of running at a velocity of 25 m/min, 5 days a week and for 6 weeks. Supplement groups received 4 ml/kg/day of pumpkin seed oil and 2 g/kg/day of white pea extract through oral gavage. Gene expression levels of ZnT5, ZnT9, and ZIP14 of liver tissue were determined through real-time PCR, and serum levels of Zn were measured using the ICP-EOS technique approximately 48 hours after the final session of the training program. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (P &lt; 0.05). Results: Regarding the results of one-way ANOVA, there were no significant changes in serum Zn levels (P = 0.418) as well as gene expression levels of ZnT5 and ZIP14 among intervention groups (P = 0.586 and 0.677, respectively), but ZnT9 gene expression level was significantly changed among the study groups (P = 0.029). Also, the results of the Tukey test showed that six weeks of aerobic exercise along with pumpkin seed oil supplementation had the greatest effect on ZnT5 gene expression. Conclusions: Findings showed that aerobic training along with pumpkin seed oil supplementation had the greatest impact on the up-regulation of ZnT5 as a Zn transporter to retain the blood Zn levels in healthy trained rats, suggesting that pumpkin seed oil can be an effective ergogenic aid for improving circulatory Zn levels.

In Silico Assessment of Naphthalene Interaction with Glutathione Reductase and Histological Changes in Naphthalene Exposed Rats Tissues

Naphthalene (NA), a bicyclic aromatic compound that is widely used in various commercial and industrial applications including lavatory scent disks and mothballs, is known to be readily absorbed into the systemic circulation following either inhalation or ingestion and may cause systemic toxicity. This study examined the histopathological changes in some tissues (lung, liver and kidney) of NA-exposed Wistar rats. Twenty-four rats (175-250 g) were randomly divided into six groups of four rats each. The rats in all groups were given food and water while in addition rats in the experimental groups were exposed to NA at 0.75 mg/m3 and 1.50 mg/m3 for 2 h and 4 h. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h after the last hour of NA exposure. The tissues were excised for histological examination. The effects of NA and some selected metabolites using the rat glutathione reductase homology model were examined via molecular docking and dynamic simulation. From this study, exposure of rats to NA resulted in hepatocyte necrosis at 0.75 mg/m3 for 2 h, dilation of the alveolar duct of the lung at 0.75 mg/m3 and severe epithelial hyperplasia and chronic infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung at 1.50 mg/m3 for 4 h. Also, vascular congestion was observed in the kidneys at 0.75 mg/m3 for 2 h and 1.50 mg/m3 for 4 h. The in silico study revealed the NA metabolite toxic potential, and NA showed the lowest binding score (-5.40± 0.00 kcal/mol). Therefore, the study concludes that NA exposure irrespective of duration can lead to hepatic and alveolar damage in the absence of mechanisms that can ameliorate its toxic effects.

Model of toxic fibrosis in Wistar rats: morphological and molecular-genetic parameters of the transition point to cirrhosis

BACKGROUND: To date, when studying the cellular and molecular genetic mechanisms of liver fibrogenesis in experimental rat models, no attention is paid to the transition point of fibrosis to cirrhosis as a separate stage. As this pathology develops, changes in the cell phenotype and gene expression are dynamic in nature, so it is necessary to evaluate them in a long-term temporal dynamics.&#x0D; AIM: The aim of this work is to study the morphological and molecular genetic changes in the liver of Wistar rats during nodular parenchymal rearrangement.&#x0D; METHODS: Fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver in male Wistar rats was induced with a freshly prepared solution of thioacetamide, which was administered intragastrically through a tube at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight 2 times a week for 13 weeks. The level of mRNA of the tweak (tnfsf12), fn14 (tnfrsf12a), ang, vegfa, cxcl12 (sdf), and mmp-9 genes in the liver was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin sections. -SMA, FAP, CD68, CD206, CX3CR1, CD45 were used as markers. The area of interlobular veins and interlobular arteries was measured (m2). The number of sinusoidal capillaries and interlobular veins was counted.&#x0D; RESULTS: Based on the results obtained, it is possible to establish the transition point of fibrosis to cirrhosis as an independent separate stage of fibrogenesis. This transition was identified at stage F5, and the process itself from F4/F5 to F6.&#x0D; With the growth of fibrous tissue and nodular restructuring of the liver parenchyma, no progression of dystrophic processes and an increase in the zones of necrosis and necrobiosis of hepatocytes were noted. The number of -SMA+ and FAP+ cells in the period F4F5 did not change (p=0.2073 and p=0.3775, respectively). At the same time, significant F6 cirrhosis was accompanied by an increase in their number by 1.5 times (p 0.00001). Differences in the number of CD68+ cells were revealed only at the F4/F5 stage (2.0 times higher than the control, p 0.00001). The number of CD206+, CX3CR1+ and CD45+ cells remained the same. An increase in the number of interlobular veins (p 0.00001) and a decrease in sinusoidal capillaries (p 0.00001) were found compared to the control.&#x0D; The transition to cirrhosis was characterized by changes in the expression levels of tweak, fn14, ang, vegfa, cxcl12, and mmp-9 mRNAs, as well as the presence and strength of the relationship between them. Significant correlations were revealed between the target genes (r=0.50.84; p 0.01).&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The transition point of fibrosis to cirrhosis has special morphological and molecular genetic features that expand knowledge about pathomorphological changes in the liver.

Effect of Annona muricata Plant Extract on the Multiple-organ Histology of Chloramphenicol-induced Leukemia in Wistar Albino Rats

This study was designed to show the histological changes of heart, kidney and liver of Wistar rats treated with Annona muricata plant extract upon oral administration of chloramphenicol. Thirty-five Wistar rats, divided into five groups of seven rats each was used for this study. The groups were normal control, untreated control and treated control administered 500mg/kg, 750mg/kg and 2250mg/kg body weight of Annona muricata plant extract respectively. This study lasted for four weeks. Organ specimens were obtained from each group to evaluate histological changes. This study revealed no histological changes in the heart muscle of Wistar rats given chloramphenicol. In the kidney, oral administration of chloramphenicol caused chronic pyelonephritis while the administration of this drug caused congestion in the liver. The administration of Annona muricata plant extract as treatment in 500mg/kg, 750mg/kg and 2250mg/kg doses helped reverse these damages in the kidney and liver tissues. Although rats treated with 750mg/kg body weight of Annona muricata exhibited inflammation in the heart muscle with an anaemia.

In silico and In vivo Studies of Calotropis procera leaf and root extracts on Mitochondrial-Related parameters in Wistar Rats

Drugs targeting Mitochondrial Membrane Permeability Transition (MMPT) pore opening are of great interest for conditions arising from apoptosis dysregulation. This study investigate MMPT pore inducing effect of Calotropis procera leaves and root extracts on mitochondrial-related parameters in the liver of healthy male Wistar rats. Extraction was done by standard methods, using Ethylacetate and Butanol solvent. Fifty–two rats weighing between 130 g - 150 g were divided into thirteen groups (n=4). Group 1 received distilled water, other groups were administered ethylacetate leaf extract (ELE), butanol leaf extract (BLE), ethylacetate root extract (ERE) and butanol root extracts (BRE). Liver Mitochondrial pore opening, mitochondrial ATPase activity and lipid peroxidation were assessed spectrophotometrically, while the interaction between human Cyclophilin D (a pore activating protein with PDB ID: 2BIT) and identified phytochemicals of Calotropis procera leaves and roots extracts were studied In-silico. Varying concentrations of the extracts induced MMPT pore opening by 6.6, 7.4 and 5.9 folds for BLE and 10.2, 7.3 and 6.4 folds for ELE at 40, 50 and 60 mg/100g bw respectively when compared with control group. Root extracts showed significant MMPT pore opening with a fold increase of 12.2, 10.1 and 20.4 for BRE and 11.37, 11.84, for ERE at at 40 , 50 and 60 mg/100g bw respectively. BLE, BRE, ELE and ERE showed increase in ATPase activities with respect to the control group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as an indication of lipid peroxidation increased significantly when compared with control. Molecular docking and simulation showed the existence of stable interactions between human Cyclophilin D with phytochemicals of Calotropis procera with 2‶-Oxovoruscharin having highest binding affinity of -7.9 kcal/mol. C. procera has potential for therapeutic use for the treatment of disorders related to derangement of

Antihyperglycemic and Histological Effect of Aloe vera on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with various complications if not properly managed. Aloe vera, a medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological properties, has shown promise as a potential therapeutic intervention for diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic and histological effects of Aloe vera in an alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rat model. Method: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into six groups and treated with different regimens of Aloe vera and metformin, a standard antidiabetic drug. The effects of the treatments on blood glucose levels and histology of the pancreas, liver, and kidney were evaluated. Result: The results of the study revealed that alloxan injection induced hyperglycemia and pathological changes in the pancreas, liver and kidney of Wistar rats. The treatment with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of Aloe vera significantly reduced blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Aloe vera administration preserved the histological integrity of the pancreas, liver, and kidney in diabetic rats. This preservation of organ histology can be attributed to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-protective properties of Aloe vera. Conclusion: Aloe vera demonstrated antihyperglycemic effects and preserved organ histology in an alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rat model. The bioactive compounds present in Aloe vera are believed to contribute to these effects. Aloe vera holds potential as an alternative or adjunctive therapy for diabetes management, but its clinical efficacy and safety need to be further explored.

The Effects of Asystasia vogeliana Benth. on Wistar Rat Liver Health, Kidney Function, and Lipid Profile

Aims: This study investigated the effects of long term consumption of A. vogeliana leaf on the liver health, kidney function, and lipid profile of female Wistar rats. This was with a view to assessing the safety and potential health effects of the plant extract.&#x0D; Study Design: The study employed in vivo animal model in Wistar rats.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between June 2019 and February 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: Acute oral toxicity and LD50 were determined. Animals were randomized into three groups (n = 6) and treated as follows: Group 1 (normal control; distilled water), Group 2 (250 mg/kg), and Group 3 (500 mg/kg) for 21 days. Animals were sacrificed on 22nd day and plasma was analyzed for liver-kidney biomarkers: aspartate aminotransferases (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, urea, and creatinine. Also, the lipid biomarkers (total cholesterol TC), triglyceride TG, high-density lipoprotein HDL, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol LDL), and atherogenic indices were determined.&#x0D; Results: The result showed LD50 &gt; 2000 mg/kg. A non-significant difference was observed in ALT activity, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and urea levels. Significant (p&lt;0.05) elevations in AST and ALP, and a significant decrease in creatinine were observed in the treated group, suggesting detrimental effect on the kidney health. TC, TG, and LDL were significantly high, whereas HDL was significantly low in the treated group. Similarly, significant increases in non-HDL, atherogenic coefficient (Ac), coronary risk index-1 (CRI-1), and 2 (CRI-2), were observed in the treated groups, suggesting a likelihood for cardiovascular diseases.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study concluded that prolonged administration of A. vogeliana leaf impacted the kidneys and induced an elevated lipid profile and a sharp decrease in HDL. Therefore, prolonged use of A. vogeliana should be discouraged.