Wise Judgment Research Articles

Metode Dakwah Menerusi Wacana Fiqh Ibadat dalam Tafsir al-Azhar

Through the greatest works of Tafsir al-Azhar, Hamka preached to the Nusantara’s (archipelago’s) people to stick to Islam and shariah law. This qualitative study aims to analyze the da’wah methods contained in the Tafsir al-Azhar through the fiqh ibadah discourse. The writer applied research on methods of da’wah aiming for da’wah thinking in interpreting the verses related to fiqh ibadah which is the fundamental claim to every Muslim. This study applies the deductive method in order to get the facts of fiqh ibadah in Tafsir al-Azhar and the descriptive method to describe forms of da’wah and focused on fiqh ibadah. Each fact has been analyzed based on the use of language, dalil, the composition and objective of Hamka’s interpretation in fiqh ibadah discourse. The findings indicate that the style of Hamka’s da’wah compatible with Islam and convenient approach to facilitate the understanding of archipelago’s people. The elements of Hamka’s da’wah interpretation such as advice, persuasive and wise judgment are the special features that enhance the interpretation of fiqh ibadah in Tafsir al-Azhar. His method of da’wah is a valuable legacy for local commentators in empowering da’wah through interpretations or writings.

Determinants of the concurrent use of biomedicine and Korean Medicine: A study based on the Korean Health Panel survey (2008–2014)

IntroductionThis study was conducted to analyze the factors associated with the concurrent use of biomedicine and Korean Medicine (KM) in an outpatient medical service using data from the Korean Health Panel (KHP) 2008–2014. MethodUsing the KHP, which is an ongoing longitudinal survey of a nationally representative Korean population, descriptive analysis was employed to present the frequency and percentage of concurrent use of biomedicine and KM with those who only used biomedicine. In addition, factors associated with the types of medical institutions receiving outpatient medical services were analyzed using the random effects panel probit model and the random effects panel logit model. ResultsAnalysis of the KHP data from 2008 to 2014 revealed that 16–18% of the population used both biomedicine and KM services concurrently. Moreover, concurrent users were more likely to be female, over 40 years old, have a lower confidence in healthcare services quality, have chronic disease, have used medication for more than three months and to have a high mean frequency of medical services use. ConclusionIdentifying determinants associated with concurrent use of biomedicine and KM might help medical professionals and policy makers to make wise judgments, plan treatments successfully and allocate resources efficiently.

Optimization of surgical treatment of advanced ovarian cancer: a Spanish expert perspective.

Optimal upfront treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is complex and requires the adequate function of a multidisciplinary team. Specific standard of quality of care needs to be taken into consideration. A literature search in PubMed was performed using the following criteria: ("ovarian neoplasms"[MeSH Terms] OR ("ovarian"[All Fields] AND "neoplasms"[All Fields]) OR "ovarian neoplasms"[All Fields] OR ("ovarian"[All Fields] AND "cancer"[All Fields]) OR "ovarian cancer"[All Fields])"[Date - Publication]: "2018/01/14"[Date - Publication]). This article describes how to optimize the surgical management of advanced ovarian cancer, to achieve the best results in terms of survival and quality of life. For this purpose, this document will cover aspects related to pre-, intra- and postoperative care of newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer patients. Optimizing upfront treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is complex and requires a structured quality management program including the wise judgment of a multidisciplinary team. Surgeries performed by gynecologic oncologists with formal training in cytoreductive techniques at referral centers are crucial factors to obtain better clinical and oncological outcomes. However, other factors such as the patient's clinical status, the hospital infrastructure and equipment, as well as the tumor biology of each individual patient should also be taken into account before deciding on an initial therapeutic strategy for advanced-stage ovarian cancer to offer patients the best quality of care.

Fostering wise judgement: professional decisions in development programmes for early career engineers

This paper reviews literature that explores the role of judgement in professional practice. It discusses how workplace decisions, work activities and reflection on these activities may contribute to the development of wise judgements, or ‘wisdom’, and how workplaces can leverage these activities for induction and transition to work programmes. This review of the literature is prompted by survey results inviting engineering graduates and professionals to identify the capabilities they believe are most significant to success in the engineering workplace. The requirement for sound professional judgement resonates in participant responses. The paper summarises views of expertise, the relationship between experience and the development of professional judgement and the broader contribution of expansive and participatory learning environments to developing professional judgement. It concludes that the organisation of work and job design can facilitate the articulation of new engineers to professional practice, and that organisational learning programmes can leverage workplace activities to foster wise judgement in graduate engineers.

ANALYSIS OF PROBLEMS, CONSEQUENCES AND SOLUTIONS FOR BIM APPLICATION IN RECONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

The main aim of analysis presented in this paper is based on the complex evaluation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) application and decision support in reconstruction projects. The reconstruction projects face the high level uncertainty during implementation mostly due inappropriate information management, insufficient quality control and low competence of participants. The application of advanced Computer-Aided tools such as BIM uses both with advanced Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) can be the way to solve the problems of reconstruction projects. The fourteen reconstruction projects have been analysed and the list of thirteen main problems has been identi­fied. The pair wise judgment of problems has been made based on in the expert survey using the Analytic Hierarchy Pro­cess (AHP) method. The occurrence, influence to project and significance of the problems have been calculated and were prioritised according to the importance and consequences. After the complex analysis of problems, it is suggested to use combined list of solutions of the BIM tool application in reconstruction projects to support decision making process.

Embracing ambiguity in management controls and decision-making processes: On how to design data visualisations to prompt wise judgement

Making decisions when managing organisations always involves the constant management of ambiguity and a great deal of complexity due to uncertainties and the intrinsic political nature of every decision-making processes. This paper argues that in order for management accounting to deal effectively with this ambiguity and uncertainty, both must be embraced, not suppressed, by the design of data visualisations produced by management controls as aids to the decision-making processes. Drawing on studies in rhetoric, alongside others on the rhetorical and communicative power of images and visualisations, this paper identifies a series of principles that can contribute to the development of a visual rhetorical framework to inform the design of data visualisation (e.g. dashboards, business reports). The need to conceive of data visualisations beyond their representational function, and the principles that are identified, are then illustrated through the visual rhetorical analysis of a complex dashboard utilised in the programme management of the construction of a large airport terminal. The paper ends with an outline of a research agenda for the future design of data visualisation in accounting, and beyond.

Systems Engineer: the ultimate phronetic leader?

AbstractLeadership is charged with the expectation of providing guidance to decision making under conditions of uncertainty, incomplete information and high complexity; to that end, wisdom is needed. The pertinence of wisdom to leadership has been outlined by ancient philosophers (Aristotle “phronesis”, Thomas Aquina “prudentia”), and continues to be the subject of study today. This has resulted in the identification of the traits that, mainly, characterize wise leaders. The purpose of benefiting humankind is a deep rooted trait of engineering. This trait, conjoined with the fast growing interdependence between technological and societal issues, increasingly forces Engineering to deal with problems that exceed its traditional (technical) boundaries. As a consequence, engineers have to perform, ever more frequently, a decision making of the unstructured kind, that requires wise judgment. When comparing the traits of wise leaders with those deemed as characteristic of Engineering Leaders, and with those traditionally considered typical of effective Systems Engineers, a large overlapping becomes apparent. Thus Systems Engineering appears to be in a vantage position to respond to the demand of phronetic leadership. The Systems Approach, and its inherent Systems Thinking, can be reasonably seen as a solid foundations for an Engineering Leadership able to help mankind in meeting its present and future needs.

To protect everything, please click here: does a revolution in data collection guarantee one in conservation?

An editorial published in Nature (2007) states that “… it can sometimes comes as a surprise for outsiders to learn how far removed the conservation biologist often is from actual efforts to save species”. For conservation biologists who are involved in practical conservation work particularly in countries where the national capacity and infrastructure for conservation is limited, it is clear that it will take more than technology to save the world. We observe an increasing emphasis on technology in the literature and among the research community and ask: How can a revolution in data collection best lead to one in conservation?

Current status of various neurovascular bundle-sparing techniques in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Nerve-sparing procedures during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) have demonstrated improved postoperative functional outcomes. This article provides an overview of clinically applied prostatic neuro-anatomy, various techniques of nerve sparing (NS), and recent innovations in NS and potency outcomes of NS RARP. We retrieved and reviewed all listed publications within PubMed using keywords: nerve sparing, robotic radical prostatectomy, prostate cancer, outcomes, pelvic neuroanatomy and potency. Studies reporting potency outcomes of NS RARP (comparative and non-comparative) were analysed using the Delphi method with an expert panel of urological robotic surgeons. Herein, we outline the published techniques of NS during RARP. Potency and continence outcomes of individual series are discussed in light of the evidence provided by case series and published trials. The potency outcomes of various comparative and non-comparative series of NS RARP have also been mentioned. There are numerous NS techniques reported for RARP. Each method is complimented with benefits and constrained by idiosyncratic caveats, and thus, careful patient selection, a wise intraoperative clinical judgment and tailored approach for each patient is required, when decision for nerve sparing is made. Further large prospective multi-institutional randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate potency and continence outcomes of these techniques, using a rigid standard patient selection criteria and definition of potency are warranted in the new era of functional outcome-driven research.

Robust analysis of the determinants of healthcare expenditure growth: evidence from panel data for low-, middle- and high-income countries.

This paper examines the determinants of healthcare expenditure for low-, middle- and high-income countries, and it quantifies their influences in order to assess policies for achieving universal health coverage. We elaborate two models, a fixed-effect model and the dynamic panel model, to estimate the factors associated with the total health expenditure growth as well as its major components for 167 countries over the period of 1993-2013. The panel data on total health expenditure per capita and its components were taken from the World Development Indicators. Overall, our results showed that total health expenditure per capita is rising in all countries over time as a result of rising incomes. However, our estimates showed that the income elasticity of health expenditure ranged from 0.75 to 0.96 in the fixed-effect static panel model, while in the dynamic panel model, it was smaller and ranged from 0.16 to 0.47. Our empirical findings indicate that development assistance for health reduced government domestic spending on health but increased total government health spending. Our results also indicate that the trend in health expenditure growth is significantly depending with the country's economic development. In addition, out-of-pocket expenditure is powerfully influenced by a country's capacity to increase general government revenues and social insurance contributions. Knowledge of factors associated to health expenditure might help policy makers to make wise judgments, plan health reforms and allocate resources efficiently. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A New Method for Triangular Fuzzy Compare Wise Judgment Matrix Process Based on Consistency Analysis

To cope with the uncertainty in the process of decision making, fuzzy preference relations are proposed and commonly applied in many fields. In practical decision-making problems, the decision maker may use triangular fuzzy preference relations to express his/her uncertainty. Based on the row weighted arithmetic mean method, this paper develops an approach for deriving the fuzzy priority vector from triangular fuzzy compare wise judgment matrices. To do this, this paper first analyzes the upper and lower bounds of the triangular fuzzy priority weight of each alternative, which indicates the decision maker’s optimistic and pessimistic attitudes. Based on (acceptably) consistent multiplicative preference relations, the triangular fuzzy priority vector is obtained. Meanwhile, a consistency concept of triangular fuzzy compare wise judgment matrices is defined, and the consistent relationship between triangular fuzzy and crisp preference relations is studied. Different to the existing methods, the new approach calculates the triangular fuzzy priority weights separately. Furthermore, the fuzzy priority vector from trapezoidal fuzzy reciprocal preference relations is considered. Finally, the application of the new method to new product development (NDP) project screening is tested, and comparative analyses are also offered.

Constructivism in Practical Philosophy

Constructivism in Practical Philosophy

Cultivating Practical Wisdom as Education

This article argues, from a critical realist perspective, that it would be beneficial to extend thinking on how personal and social education could become more central to students’ learning. We explore how constructive-informed arrangements which emphasize cognitive skills and affective qualities could be realized through experiential approaches to learning. Our theorizing is informed by neo-Aristotelian thinking on the importance of identifying mutually acceptable value commitments which can cultivate practical wisdom as well as generally benefit society. Thereafter, we outline how the recent writings of Tiberius could inform thinking on how, epistemologically and ethically, a first person perspective on learning and personal growth could connect with normative decision making on how to make good life choices. We conclude by briefly highlighting the methodological potential of using outdoor learning environments to help students make informed and wise judgements which show evidence of discernment, deliberation and effective decision making.

Indicators' weight of competency model in emergency physicians' different career stages

Objective On the basis of previous researches,the paper confirmed the weight of indicators to build emergency physicians'competency models for their different career stages.Methods Using the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP)to establish evaluation hierarchy for emergency physicians'different career stage and construct the pair wise comparison judgment matrix,checking consistency and judgment matrix at the same time.Results Achieved the construction of competency models for three different stages of emergency physicians,primary,intermediate and advanced included.Conelusion The models can dynamically clarify the career stages of emergency physicians,supporting personalized training and management of the physicians. Key words: Analytic hierarchy process; Emergency physician; Career stages; Competency model

Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making model for different scenarios of electrical power generation in Egypt

In the analytic network process (ANP) a hierarchy or network is created to represent a decision and establishes a matrix containing the pair wise comparison judgments for the elements linked under a parent element. A priority vector of relative weights for these elements is derived. Then all the priority vectors are appropriately weighted and summed to obtain the overall priorities for the alternatives of a decision. In this paper we will develop an efficient fuzzy ANP model which helps decision makers to choose among the alternatives for the Egyptian scenarios of electrical power generation.

Para ver entre las sombras: la mirada de Albert Camus

There are some free persons that have something like a magnetic needle, so in a dark time we need what Albert Camus offers: a living example (not a list of answers) of integrity, compassion and wise judgment. He had to choose (maybe like everybody) between nonsense and rebelliousness, and after between a daily attitude of fear or confidence. Finally, Camus tells us that the nature of human being and the beauty of the world must balance the historical ambitions.

Future minds, mental organs and ways of knowing

For hundreds of millions of years before the recent emergence of reason, evolution elaborated a multiplicity of ways of knowing through feelings, which remain valid today. Each way of knowing, including reason, is mediated by a ‘mental organ’ which is a population of neurons bearing a particular neurotransmitter receptor (e.g. serotonin-7, histamine-1, alpha-2C). Each mental organ adds spice to our lives. Reason coevolved with a pre-existing affective domain, and is designed to be informed by affective input. When reason reigns at the cost of losing touch with the other ways of knowing, we retain the ability to manipulate nature, but we do not understand its essence and cannot make wise judgements.

Learning in practice for becoming a professional forensic expert

The study explores the professional development of future forensic experts. Specifically, it investigates how the forensic expert trainees learn through the internal training program at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science with a focus on the supervision at work. The findings are drawn from an ethnographical study where five trainees and their supervisors have been observed and interviewed. By drawing on a socio cultural perspective on learning, the results show that supervision is crucial for professional development. Two types of activities and relations define how supervision is implemented. There is a “transitional movement” in how supervision is staged depending on the trainees’ gradual changes in participation in the work practice and increased experience. Forensic experts need skills and know-how to make wise and impartial judgments, i.e. a kind of tacit professional practical knowledge, as well as the skill to communicate with other professionals. However, the development of a professional language is somewhat unspoken or planned. Becoming a forensic expert is a learning process in practice where supervision plays a decisive role in maintaining the professional knowledge in the judicial system. Therefore, supervision for supervising might be a valuable support for supervisors.

Current concepts of leg lengthening.

Any lower limb discrepancy may be equalised by conservative means (insoles, prosthesis and orthosis). However, their long-term acceptance is low in regard to function, costs, expenditure and appearance. Timely epiphysiodesis is the best option in uniplanar deformities with adequate remaining growth and for patients whose predicted final body height is above the 50th percentile. However, many patients present late or with multi-planar deformities, which warrant more sophisticated operative approaches. The history of surgical bone lengthening comprises 100 exciting years of struggling, development and ongoing learning. The initial strategy of acute or rapid incremental distraction had lasted almost half a century until Ilizarov recognised the benefits of biological periosteum-preserving osteotomies and incremental lengthening at slow rates (1mm/day) at a 4×0.25-mm daily rhythm, well appreciated as callotasis. In parallel, ring and wire constructs made complex three-dimensional axial, translational and rotational bone moulding possible. Taylor Spatial Frames-built on hexapod strut-linked platform technology as known from flight simulators-took limb correction to a more reliable, more precise and aesthetical level, all the more that the whole process became web-based. It represents state-of-the-art methodology and technology for complex, multi-plane deformities. Due to the significant risk of secondary malalignment, indications for lengthening by unilateral fixation have shrunken to moderate amounts of length disparity and uni- to bi-planar deformities in patients with still open physes. Mechanical or motorised, minimally invasively placed nails prevent muscle fixation and, therefore, ease rehabilitation, increase patient comfort and potentially shorten the overall time of sick leave and refrain from sports activities. Hence, they offer a valuable alternative for low-grade complexity situations. It remains to be proved if the significantly higher implant costs are compensated by lower treatment costs. Overall, limb lengthening, particularly in combination with multi-planar deformity correction, can still be an arduous endeavour. In any case, wise judgement of the patient's deformity, medical and biological situation, psychosocial environment, selection of the appropriate method and hardware, as well as meticulous operating technique by an experienced surgeon are the cornerstones of successful outcomes.

Application of analytical network process for the evaluation of sustainable business practices in an Indian relays manufacturing organization

Sustainable business strategies or technologies determine the market dynamism so as to withstand competitiveness. The evaluation of such strategies is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. To deal with such problems, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP) could be deployed. AHP considers the distribution of goal amongst the elements being compared and judges the element which has the greater influence on the goal. In order to overcome the drawbacks with AHP, ANP could be used which is a holistic approach in which all attributes and alternatives involved are connected in a network system that accepts dependencies. Priorities which are established in ANP are the same way as they are in the AHP using pair wise comparisons and judgments. ANP is the most comprehensive framework for the analysis of societal, governmental and corporate decisions that are available today to the decision-maker. It is a process that allows one to include all the factors and criteria, tangible and intangible that has an effect on making a best decision. The paper reports a research study that is focused on the selection of the best alternative from the perspective of sustainability for an Indian relays manufacturing organization.