Wireless Telecommunication Services Research Articles

A study on the prediction of service reliability of wireless telecommunication system via distribution regression

The reliability of wireless telecommunication service has become a major concern for the operation and maintenance (O&M) departments of the major telecommunication service providers. Consequently, reliability prediction has assumed a pivotal role for O&M department to furnish dependable services while simultaneously curtailing operational costs. However, predicting the service reliability is a challenging issue mainly attribute to the mobility characteristics of the end-users in the network. In tandem with the formulation of service reliability metrics, this study introduces a linear distribution regression model under Gaussian distribution and a kernel-based distribution regression model tailored for bimodal scenarios. The empirical validation of these proposed metrics and methodologies is substantiated through case studies employing both simulated data and real-world datasets derived from a wireless telecommunication system within an urban district. The outcomes of these case studies demonstrate the efficacy and applicability of the proposed metrics and methods.

KUALITAS LABA PADA SEKTOR INFRASTRUKTUR KONTRUKSI BANGUNAN DAN JASA TELEKOMUNIKASI NIRKABEL DITINJAU DARI STRUKTUR MODAL DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN

Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of Capital Structure and Company Size on Earnings Quality Design/methodology/approach: This research uses quantitative data, the sample in this research is infrastructure sector companies in the building construction and wireless telecommunications services sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2018 – 2022 period, totaling 13 companies. The analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is multiple regression analysis using Eviews 9 software. Findings: The results of this study indicate that the Capital Structure variable has a positive and statistically insignificant effect on Earnings Quality, the Company Size variable has a positive and statistically insignificant effect on Earnings Quality. Originality/value: This research discusses Profit Quality and other factors such as Capital Structure and Company Size which focuses on infrastructure sector companies in the building construction and wireless telecommunications services sub-sectors.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS): Interventions, Impacts and Challenges

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) can be a key tool in the management of extremes of rainfall, due to their capacity to attenuate and treat surface water. Yet, implementation is a complex process, requiring buy-in from multiple stakeholders. Buy-in is often undermined by a lack of practical evidence and monitoring of implemented SuDS. In this paper, we present a collaborative case study between a local authority, university and the UK Environment Agency. This partnership approach enabled the installation of SuDS and monitoring equipment to address surface runoff in the north east of England. Ultrasonic sensors were installed in the drainage network to evaluate the attenuation of surface water. SuDS were installed during an atypically wet spring, followed by a hot and dry summer, providing a range of conditions to assess their performance. Results demonstrate that there was a statistically significant difference in the detected flow level in manholes downstream of the SuDS interventions. Several challenges occurred, from signal obstacles in wireless telecommunication services, to logistical constraints of installing sensors in the drainage network, and issues with the adoption of property level SuDS. These issues require further research. Qualitative support for partnership working was crucial to increase the capacity for delivering SuDS. To ensure the success of future schemes and likelihood of SuDS uptake, partnership working and engaging with communities is vital.

A Survey on Soft Computing Techniques for Spectrum Sensing in a Cognitive Radio Network

The need for faster wireless connectivity is increasing rapidly in all the sectors of the technologies. Whether it is a patient monitoring system, military application, entertainment services, streaming services, or global stock markets, there is a tremendous increase in the need for enhanced wireless telecommunication services. The wireless telecommunication consumers rely on bulk data, and massive growth in the number of users has resulted in the spectrum congestion. To avoid such spectrum congestion and to satisfy the data hunger of the wireless telecommunication users, the possible solution is Cognitive Radio Network (CRN). A CRN, therefore, plays a significant role in the field of wireless communication, and an efficient spectrum sensing enhances the effectiveness of the CRN. In this paper, complete research carried out so far in the field of spectrum sensing for CRN is discussed. Different soft computing techniques (GA, PSO, ABC, ACO, FFA, FSS, Cuckoo Search, ANN, FIS, GFIS) are surveyed in this paper, along with a detailed comparative analysis between conventional and soft computing techniques for spectrum sensing. In addition to that, the challenges faced in the implementation of CRN and its requirements is also addressed. Different spectrum sensing elements and requirements are presented and road map of spectrum sensing with soft computing techniques towards 5G is discussed. Furthermore, the paper also suggests the future prospects, research challenges and open issues associated with soft computing techniques for spectrum sensing in CRN.

Measurements to design a coverage area by using high altitude platform systems

This paper proposes the principles of how to design UMTS coverage area for Baghdad city the capital of Iraq country that occupy space about 204.2 km², by using new and promising technology for providing wireless narrowband and broadband telecommunication services as well as broadcasting services with either airships or airplanes which is named HAPs, Viewed from its altitude, HAPs floats within the stratosphere layer in the airspace, positioned between satellite and terrestrial platforms.this study also consider the affect of interference with the current broadband technology It will start with brief introduction for HAPS with its advantages, comparison between HAPS system and other services and specify requirements for design. Such as, enumerate the center of coverage area to find the coordinates. Then, supposed the coverage area for the city, and find the radius, elevation angle, and the location of earth stations which will connect HAPS with other networks and all other services location depending on latitude and longitude, finally the reduction of interference technique.

Who Shall Leave? The Experience of Departing Executives and Firm Discontinuous Strategic Renewal

We examined how executive departure affected a firm’s discontinuous strategic renewal. We proposed that the team- and firm-specific experiences of departing executives would have contrasting effects on a firm’s propensity for discontinuous renewal. In addition, such effects would vary with firms’ prior experience with strategic renewal. We found support for our hypotheses in the U.S. wireless telecommunications service industry, which faced the challenge of transiting from analog to digital technology between 1991 and 1998. By implication, our study sheds some light on the practical choice of managerial reshuffle in a firm’s discontinuous strategic renewal.

Using SERVIQUAL to investigate the quality of provided wireless communication services in UAE

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the service quality of wireless telecommunication services in the UAE.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the five dimensions of SERVQUAL instrumentation (reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy and responsiveness) that are believed to represent service quality to approach a result of service quality level through comparing customers’ expectations to their perceptions. A SERVQUAL survey was constructed and distributed among a total number of 100 Etisalat users from four different age groups.FindingsThe results showed a significant difference between users’ expectations and the current level of quality of services in tangibility dimension of quality. The other variables were ranked in this order, assurance, reliability, responsiveness and empathy in service quality.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings encompass individuals from society only and may not be practical to generalize the findings to business organizations or industries as they have special offers and packages designed for their nature of the study.Practical implicationsThis research is intensely valuable for Etisalat telecommunication company as it reflects and rates their service provided to the individuals of the society (citizens and residents) from five different critical dimensions. Consequently, it offers the firm the chance to improve the negative gaps in their services. Thus, higher customer satisfaction and loyalty.Originality/valueThis study demonstrated that a multi-cultural society could influence customers’ expectations and perceptions of service quality. The study results showed opposing expectations and perceptions to the same dimension from people of the same age group. The highest gaps were found to be in the tangibility and assurance dimensions whilst the lowest gap was found in the empathy dimension.

Value innovation activities in the wireless telecommunications service sector: A case study of the Malaysian market

Innovation has become an important source of growth and survival for the telecom industry, especially with the highly competitive, dynamic business environment of this sector. The telecom market attributes of liberalization, privatization and globalization result in fierce competition, which aggravates telecom firms’ challenges to expand their market share, and hence, increase customer base, sales volume, and ultimately profit. A new strategy to succeed is innovation differentiation, which leads to breaking out the competition and creating uncongested market space. The aim of this paper is to highlight the logic of value innovation in the wireless telecom sector. A qualitative research approach was used to analyze the actions related to value innovation in the mobile service sector in Malaysia. In particular, this study focuses on the motivation, and hence the changed strategies, of telecom service providers to embrace value competition rather than traditional tariff competition in order to enhance customer satisfaction and encourage customer loyalty, which will ultimately result in higher profitability and growth. The services and loyalty packages provided by the telecom firms were reviewed through employing analytical case study. Also, this paper highlights the drawbacks and limitations of the services that did not live up to the expectations of customers and failed to earn their loyalty. Moreover, this study gives suggestions to service providers regarding ways to achieve long-run profitable growth.

A CRITICAL CASE STUDY ON QUALCOMM AS PIONEERS OF WIRELESS REVOLUTION

The company Qualcomm established in July 1985 by Irwin Jacobs and Seven at San Diego, California, the United States. Qualcomm is an American multinational company, it aims to design, develop semiconductors and market wireless telecommunications equipment's and services. Qualcomm derives most of its revenue from chip making and patent licensing businesses. Qualcomm has offices at almost 33 countries with a global workforce of approximately 35,400 employees. For the fiscal year 2018, Qualcomm reported annual revenue of US$21.301 billion, an increase of 2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Its shares traded between $51 and $75 per share, and its market capitalization at the end of fiscal 2018 was valued at US$105 billion. In the Fortune 500 list, the company ranks as 133rd in revenues among the largest US corporations. The company is focused on various industries like automotive, education, healthcare, networking, Internet of Everything, mobile computing, smart homes, smart cities, smart homes, and wearables. Qualcomm’s products include Gobi, Hy-Fi, IPQ, IZat, Powerline, Snapdragon, Small Cells, VIVE, Wi-Fi platforms , Mirasol, Pixtronix, AllPlay, 2net, Brew, HealthyCircles, QChat, QLearn, RaptorQ, Vuforia, Halo, and WiPower. In this paper, we are analysing business strategies of Qualcomm by studying various things like the corporate history, financial strategy, STEEP and SWOT analysis, target markets, key company challenges and legal issues o f Qualcomm.

IoT‐Based Management Platform for Real‐Time Spectrum and Energy Optimization of Broadcasting Networks

We investigate the feasibility of Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor and improve the energy efficiency and spectrum usage efficiency of broadcasting networks in the Ultra‐High Frequency (UHF) band. Traditional broadcasting networks are designed with a fixed radiated power to guarantee a certain service availability. However, excessive fading margins often lead to inefficient spectrum usage, higher interference, and power consumption. We present an IoT‐based management platform capable of dynamically adjusting the broadcasting network radiated power according to the current propagation conditions. We assess the performance and benchmark two IoT solutions (i.e., LoRa and NB‐IoT). By means of the IoT management platform the broadcasting network with adaptive radiated power reduces the power consumption by 15% to 16.3% and increases the spectrum usage efficiency by 32% to 35% (depending on the IoT platform). The IoT feedback loop power consumption represents less than 2% of the system power consumption. In addition, white space spectrum availability for secondary wireless telecommunications services is increased by 34% during 90% of the time.

Experimental Assessment of Time Reversal for In‐Body to In‐Body UWB Communications

The standard of in‐body communications is limited to the use of narrowband systems. These systems are far from the high data rate connections achieved by other wireless telecommunication services today in force. The UWB frequency band has been proposed as a possible candidate for future in‐body networks. However, the attenuation of body tissues at gigahertz frequencies could be a serious drawback. Experimental measurements for channel modeling are not easy to carry out, while the use of humans is practically forbidden. Sophisticated simulation tools could provide inaccurate results since they are not able to reproduce all the in‐body channel conditions. Chemical solutions known as phantoms could provide a fair approximation of body tissues’ behavior. In this work, the Time Reversal technique is assessed to increase the channel performance of in‐body communications. For this task, a large volume of experimental measurements is performed at the low part of UWB spectrum (3.1‐5.1 GHz) by using a highly accurate phantom‐based measurement setup. This experimental setup emulates an in‐body to in‐body scenario, where all the nodes are implanted inside the body. Moreover, the in‐body channel characteristics such as the path loss, the correlation in transmission and reception, and the reciprocity of the channel are assessed and discussed.

Price and Quality Change in U.S. Broadband Service Markets

Official government price indexes show both residential and business wired internet access prices essentially flat or increasing in the United States since 2007. Prices for wireless telecommunications services have been falling, at a consistent rate of about 2 to 4 percent per year over this period, and mobile broadband data prices appear to have been falling at rates a full order of magnitude greater. In contrast to the official government price statistics, direct measures of changes in wired broadband service quality over time have shown small but distinctly positive rates of quality improvement in the U.S. in recent years. This paper analyzes empirical data on price and quality for broadband service in US urban areas, and uses this analysis to provide a coherent explanation for the apparent contradiction between the official government price indexes and direct measures of quality improvement in U.S. broadband service available in the academic literature.A hedonic price index estimated using measured characteristics of U.S. broadband service plans gathered from randomly sampled providers within randomly sampled U.S. urban census tracts shows a quality-adjusted price decline of approximately 3 to 4 percent over the January through November 2014 period. If a “pseudo” matched model price index is constructed utilizing only the subset of providers and states offering the exact same service plan characteristics in both January and November of 2014 (utilizing only about 10% of the data in the full sample), we would instead observe a price increase for broadband service in U.S. urban areas of approximately 1.1 percent. This increase in my “pseudo matched model” price index lies at the midpoint between the reported 1.8 percent increase registered in the official U.S. urban consumer price index for “internet services and electronic information,” and the .5 percent increase registered in the official U.S. producer price index for “internet access services,” measured over the same time period.The analysis suggests that the official government price indexes are most likely produced using conventional “matched model” index methods that systematically omit declines in quality-adjusted price resulting from broadband service providers offering improved service quality (faster upload and download speeds, higher data caps) at the same price points associated with previous, lower quality service plans, and further, that introduction of quality improvements at existing price points appears to be the dominant mode for competition among U.S. broadband service providers. Use of matched model price index methods would appear to create a selection bias, screening out most of the effects of competition among service providers, and producing a distinct upward bias in measurements of broadband service price changes. Hedonic methodologies should clearly be preferred in constructing accurate measures of quality-adjusted price for broadband service.

‘We don’t need no stinking smartphones!’ Live stadium sports events, mediatization, and the non-use of mobile media

The continuing institutional interpenetration of the sports, media, and digital technology industries makes professional sports an unlikely setting for protest against the use of media. Yet, major stadiums and arenas are serving as sites where the deepening reach and influence of media in lived social and cultural experiences are reflected upon and debated. Drawing upon the concept of mediatization, this article analyzes conflicts over the spread and use of smartphones by spectators during games, showing how the saturation of social spaces by mobile media is cause for objection by selected fans and sports powerbrokers. Strident calls to cease using smartphones are a response to intensifying levels of connectivity, enabled by the installation of sophisticated wireless communications networks and telecommunications services in stadiums and arenas. This situation is indicative of concerns about the link between the use of constantly connected mobile devices and an uneasy sense of being ‘alone together’ in social life, with live stadium sports events idealized as moments where social connection can be forged through the non-use of mobile media and disconnection from telecommunications networks.

AHP를 이용한 주파수 공유 비즈니스 모델 평가방법 설계

주파수 공유 기술의 진화는 TV 유휴대역 활용과 같은 다양한 신규 비즈니스 모델의 출현을 불러일으킬 것으로 예상된다. 그런데 주파수 공유를 고려한 비즈니스 모델은 서비스 제공업체의 경제적 타당성을 충족시키고, 서비스 이용자에게는 이전 서비스보다 증가된 편익을 제공해야 한다. 이와 더불어, 신규 비즈니스 모델은 무선 통신 서비스 분야를 포함하여 산업 활성화에 기여해야 한다. 이러한 다양한 목적을 이룰 수 있는 최적 비즈니스 모델 선별에 적합한 정량적 평가방법이 필요하다. 평가방법에는 정부, 서비스 제공자, 서비스 이용자의 평가 관점이 골고루 반영되어야 한다. 본 연구는 주파수 공유 비즈니스 모델의 평가방법을 제시한다. 먼저 주파수 공유 기술 적용의 특수성을 고려한 평가속성과 평가척도를 정의한다. 또한 계층적 의사결정 분석기법(AHP)을 적용하여 평가속성 및 평가항목의 상대적 중요도를 도출한다. The evolution of spectrum sharing technology enables the creation of many business scenarios and business models such as TV white space service. Business models considering spectrum sharing should guarantee economic feasibility for service providers and increasing benefit for service users. In addition, new business models should contribute to economic activation in the wireless telecommunication service industry. It is therefore necessary to design quantitative evaluation methods for selection of the best business models. The methods should reflect the various points of view of valuation. Our research addresses evaluation method for business models considering spectrum sharing. We define evaluation indicators to reflect the distinct characteristics of spectrum sharing. Also, we adopt analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to derive the weights of each indicator to evaluate business models considering spectrum sharing.

Economic and Energy Efficient Design Method for a Green Wireless Telecommunication Power System

This paper presents an energy efficient design and an operational method for a Li-ion battery powered wireless telecommunication power system. Wireless telecommunication service providers have strived for reducing the Operating Expenditure (OPEX) of their Base Stations (BTS) because an urban BTS consumes more power as the data uses of mobile subscribers increase in these days. Thus, in order to reduce the OPEX, mobile service providers have studied for a green BTS which uses less electricity from the main power grid for its normal operation with renewable or alternative energy sources. Because these energy sources require high Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), a green telecommunication power site without a proper design and operational plan may increase the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) that includes OPEX and CAPEX. Although such capital investment can be retrieved over time, few wireless service providers seem to have focused on the TCO reduction of a green BTS for its planning and designing stage. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy efficient design and an operational method for a green telecommunication power system which uses a Li-ion battery to reduce its TCO. To achieve this TCO reduction, the proposed paper considered various aspects including BTS energy profile, electricity rate, battery health and lifetime, charging and discharging cycle for a battery in the wireless telecommunication power system.

A Study on Effects of Telecom Electromagnetic Radiations on Eco-System of the Region using Geo-Information Technology.

Our environment is subjected to exposure to microwave and radio electromagnetic irradiations because of widespread use of wireless telecommunication services. The electromagnetic radiations like radio waves, microwaves and Infrared rays emitted from the multiple telecom sites also contributing large amounts of environment harming to natural eco systems and causing climate change. A potentially constant exposure has caused an alert in public and governments about the so-called environmental electromagnetic pollution. Assessment of the RF EMF impact on plants is of great importance because plants have an important role in the living world as main primary producers of organic compounds and oxygen. Plants are continuously exposed to various environmental stresses and display a wide spectrum of developmental and biochemical responses contributing to stress adaptation. Their physiological responses can be evoked by a great variety of external stimuli, including mobile phone radiation. The adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and communication towers on health of human beings are well documented today. However, exact correlation between radiation of communication towers and eco-system, are not yet very well established. In this context, there is need to carry out the scientific investigations to understand the effects of RF radiation on plants. The main objective of this research is to measurement of signal strength and power emitted by the tower and to establish guidelines for limiting EMF exposure that will provide protection against known adverse effects on eco-systems will be studied using Geo-Informatics techniques in Udupi District, Karnataka State. The advancement in the recent years in the field of Geo-Informatics has enabled us to get the required spatial information of the environment in a better way.

Scaling up a Mobile Telemedicine Solution in Botswana: Keys to Sustainability.

Effective health care delivery is significantly compromised in an environment where resources, both human and technical, are limited. Botswana’s health care system is one of the many in the African continent with few specialized medical doctors, thereby posing a barrier to patients’ access to health care services. In addition, the traditional landline and non-robust Information Technology (IT) network infrastructure characterized by slow bandwidth still dominates the health care system in Botswana. Upgrading of the landline IT infrastructure to meet today’s health care demands is a tedious, long, and expensive process. Despite these challenges, there still lies hope in health care delivery utilizing wireless telecommunication services. Botswana has recently experienced tremendous growth in the mobile telecommunication industry coupled with an increase in the number of individually owned mobile devices. This growth inspired the Botswana-UPenn Partnership (BUP) to collaborate with local partners to explore using mobile devices as tools to improve access to specialized health care delivery. Pilot studies were conducted across four medical specialties, including radiology, oral medicine, dermatology, and cervical cancer screening. Findings from the studies became vital evidence in support of the first scale-up project of a mobile telemedicine solution in Botswana, also known as “Kgonafalo.” Some technical and social challenges were encountered during the initial studies, such as malfunctioning of mobile devices, accidental damage of devices, and cultural misalignment between IT and healthcare providers. These challenges brought about lessons learnt, including a strong need for unwavering senior management support, establishment of solid local public-private partnerships, and efficient project sustainability plans. Sustainability milestones included the development and signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Botswana government and a private telecommunications partner, the publication and awarding of the government tender to a local IT company, and the development and signing of a Memorandum of Agreement between the Ministry of Health Clinical Services department and the local tender winner. The initial system scale-up is scheduled to occur in 2014 and to ensure the project’s sustainability, the system is aligned with the national eHealth strategy and local ownership of the project remains at the forefront (1).

Correlates of Quality Improvement in U.S. Broadband Service

Newly introduced and improved official government price indexes show both residential and business wired internet access prices essentially flat since 2007. In stark contrast, prices for wireless telecommunications services have been falling, at a consistent rate of about 2 to 4 percent per year over this period, and mobile broadband data prices have been falling at rates a full order of magnitude greater. Several studies which attempt to correct official price indexes for unmeasured quality improvement using data on actual or advertised download speed, conclude that, overall, quality‐adjusted wired broadband service prices did fall, but at disappointingly slow, single‐digit rates. This paper is concerned with understanding whether or not broadband quality improvement is systematically related to competitive conditions in regional broadband markets, making use of rich new data sources that allow us to directly measure the evolution of many dimensions of broadband service quality (though not price) over the thirty month period from March of 2011 through September of 2013. Using these data, I construct household‐specific weekly average download speed indexes for a sample of over 9,000 individual households. Household‐specific hourly variation in local network broadband download speed is controlled for using hour‐pair dummy variables in a first‐stage fixed effects regression model of changes in weekly download speed. The estimated first‐stage weekly dummy variables can then be interpreted as weekly measures of household download speed adjusted for time and day of week effects. The first stage estimates of hourly effects provide compelling evidence that variation in download speed within a speed tier primarily reflects variation in local network traffic. The pattern of these temporal effects strongly suggests that it is traffic (and congestion) on local network infrastructure, rather than global (or national) backbone infrastructure, that is primarily responsible for reductions in speed and service quality. A second stage fixed effects model is then applied to these estimates of weekly household download speed to estimate the impact of changes in time‐varying shifters of broadband demand and supply on weekly download speed. Preliminary results show that increased numbers of fixed wireline broadband providers generally have no statistically or economically significant impact on download speeds. Quite interestingly and perhaps provocatively, the same model shows statistically significant impacts on fixed connection broadband service quality associated with the presence of larger numbers of wireless mobile internet providers. We are left with a provocative and interesting empirical relationship that is consistent with the view that mobile is where the quality and price competition is most likely going to be coming from in the future, absent any major structural change in the current U.S. broadband market.

Three‐dimensional microcoil oscillator fabricated with monolithic process on LSI

AbstractIntegration of three‐dimensional microcoils on high‐performance RF‐LSI is one of the key technologies to realize future wireless telecommunication services and hypersensitive capacitance sensor systems. We designed and fabricated monolithic three‐dimensional microcoils on an LSI substrate. The microcoil has long legs, which will minimize electromagnetic coupling to the LSI substrate. We succeeded in confirming the basic operation of the integrated oscillator circuit in the gigahertz frequency range. It was confirmed that process damage due to plasma ashing, heating at 200 °C, and sputter etching were not observed in the oscillation performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(11): 49–56, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11404

인지라디오 네트워크에서 전력과 부반송파 할당을 위한 휴리스틱

With the explosivley increasing demand in wireless telecommunication service, the shortage of radio spectrum has been worsen. The traditional approach of the current fixed spectrum allocation leads to spectrum underutilization. Recently, CR (Cognitive Radio) technologies are proposed to enhance the spectrum utilization by allocating dynamically radio resources to CR Networks. In this study, we consider a radio resource(power, subcarrier) allocation problem for OFDMA-based CRN in which a base station supports a variety of CUs (CRN Users) while avoiding the radio interference to PRN (Primary Radio Network). The problem is mathematically formulated as a general 0-1 IP problem. The optimal solution method for the IP problem requires an unrealistic execution time due to its complexity. Therefore, we propose an heuristic that gives an approximate solution within a reasonable execution time.