Wireless Stimulation Research Articles

An organic semiconductor implant for wireless stimulation of rat sciatic nerve

An organic semiconductor implant for wireless stimulation of rat sciatic nerve

A Wireless Bi-Directional Brain-Computer Interface Supporting Both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Transmission.

Wireless neural signal transmission is essential for both neuroscience research and neural disorder therapies. However, conventional wireless systems are often constrained by low sampling rates, limited channel counts, and their support of only a single transmission mode. Here, we developed a wireless bi-directional brain-computer interface system featuring dual transmission modes. This system supports both low-power Bluetooth transmission and high-sampling-rate Wi-Fi transmission, providing flexibility for various application scenarios. The Bluetooth mode, with a maximum sampling rate of 14.4 kS/s, is well suited for detecting low-frequency signals, as demonstrated by both in vitro recordings of signals from 10 to 50 Hz and in vivo recordings of 16-channel local field potentials in mice. More importantly, the Wi-Fi mode, offering a maximum sampling rate of 56.8 kS/s, is optimized for recording high-frequency signals. This capability was validated through in vitro recordings of signals from 500 to 2000 Hz and in vivo recordings of single-neuron spike firings with amplitudes reaching hundreds of microvolts and high signal-to-noise ratios. Additionally, the system incorporates a wireless stimulation function capable of delivering current pulses up to 2.55 mA, with adjustable pulse width and polarity. Overall, this dual-mode system provides an efficient and flexible solution for both neural recording and stimulation applications.

Annular Conductive Hydrogel-Mediated Wireless Electrical Stimulation for Augmenting Neurogenesis.

Electrical stimulation (ES) has a remarkable capacity to regulate neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis in the treatment of various neurological diseases. However, wired devices connected to the stimulating electrode and the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electrodes and soft tissues restrict their motion and cause possible infections, thereby limiting their clinical utility. An approach integrating the advantages of wireless techniques and soft hydrogels provides new insights into ES-induced nerve regeneration. Herein, a flexible and implantable wireless ES-responsive electrode based on an annular gelatin methacrylate-polyaniline (Gel/Pani) hydrogel is fabricated and used as a secondary coil to achieve wireless ES via electromagnetic induction in the presence of a primary coil. The Gel/Pani hydrogels exhibit favorable biocompatibility, biodegradability, conductivity, and compression resistance. The annular electrode of the Gel/Pani conductive hydrogel (AECH) supports neural stem cell growth, while the applied wireless ES facilitates neuronal differentiation and the formation of functional neural networks in vitro. Furthermore, AECH is implanted in vivo in rats with ischemic stroke and the results reveal that AECH-mediated wireless ES significantly ameliorates brain impairment and neurological function by activating endogenous neurogenesis. This novel flexible hydrogel system addresses wireless stimulation and implantable technical challenges, holding great potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

A Wireless Battery-Free Implant With Optical Telemetry for In Vivo Cortical Stimulation.

We present a 100 μm-thick, wireless, and battery-free implant for brain stimulation through a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved collagen dura substitute without contact with the brain's surface, while providing visible-light spectrum telemetry to track the onset of stimulation. The device is fabricated on a 16 × 6.67 mm2 biocompatible parylene/PDMS substrate and is encapsulated with a 2 μm-thick transparent parylene layer that enables the relay of the LED brightness. The in vivo rodent testing confirmed the implant's ability to trigger motor response while generating observable brightness through the skin. The results reveal the prospect of wireless stimulation with enhanced safety by eliminating contact between the implant and the brain, with optical telemetry for facilitated tracking.

Motor Behavior Regulation of Rat Robots Using Integrated Electrodes Stimulated by Micro-Nervous System.

As a cutting-edge technology, animal robots based on living organisms are being extensively studied, with potential for diverse applications in the fields of neuroscience, national security, and civil rescue. However, it remains a significant challenge to reliably control the animal robots with the objective of protecting their long-term survival, and this has seriously hindered their practical implementation. To address this issue, this work explored the use of a bio-friendly neurostimulation system that includes integrated stimulation electrodes together with a remote wireless stimulation circuit to control the moving behavior of rat robots. The integrated electrodes were implanted simultaneously in four stimulation sites, including the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field (S1BF). The control system was able to provide flexibility in adjusting the following four stimulation parameters: waveform, amplitude, frequency, and duration time. The optimized parameters facilitated the successful control of the rat's locomotion, including forward movement and left and right turns. After training for a few cycles, the rat robots could be guided along a designated route to complete the given mission in a maze. Moreover, it was found that the rat robots could survive for more than 20 days with the control system implanted. These findings will ensure the sustained and reliable operation of the rat robots, laying a robust foundation for advances in animal robot regulation technology.

A wireless stimulator system-on-chip with an optically writable ID for addressable cortical microimplants

For a profound understanding of brain function and connectivity, there is an escalating need to cover expansive cortical areas. While external recording methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) are prevalent, direct bidirectional interaction with the neural network mandates implanted electrodes. Integrating all microimplant functionalities into a single integrated circuit (IC) increases design complexities. Thus, challenges in the intricacies of distributed system networking have frustrated the drive toward implant miniaturization. In this context, we introduce addressable microimplants equipped with gate oxide-based anti-fuse (AF) Chip-IDs activated by a photodiode (PD) array. This mechanism generates a binary ID code by selectively degrading the anti-fuse gate oxide, eliminating the need for I/O PADs. These ID-equipped wireless micro-implants are distributed over vast regions, enabling bidirectional neural interfacing through recording and stimulation. We successfully fabricated an 8-channel wireless microstimulator and a spike-sensor in 180 nm CMOS, demonstrating the efficacy of the 5-bit Chip-ID in real-time networking scenarios. The system draws power from RF electromagnetic waves, receiving 1.2 V and 1 mW, and employs amplitude modulation at a 900 MHz carrier frequency for data communication. The minimum amplitude detected for demodulation was 350 mV, regenerating a 1 MHz clock and 34-bit command data. When tested, the array of eight microstimulators responded distinctly based on sequential command parameters. This IC realized in TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology, occupies only a 1 mm2 area.

Flexible, Biodegradable, and Wireless Magnetoelectric Paper for Simple In Situ Personalization of Bioelectric Implants.

Bioelectronic implants delivering electrical stimulation offer an attractive alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals in electrotherapy. However, achieving simple, rapid, and cost-effective personalization of these implants for customized treatment in unique clinical and physical scenarios presents a substantial challenge. This challenge is further compounded by the need to ensure safety and minimal invasiveness, requiring essential attributes such as flexibility, biocompatibility, lightness, biodegradability, and wireless stimulation capability. Here, a flexible, biodegradable bioelectronic paper with homogeneously distributed wireless stimulation functionality for simple personalization of bioelectronic implants is introduced. The bioelectronic paper synergistically combines i) lead-free magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) that facilitate electrical stimulation in response to external magnetic field and ii) flexible and biodegradable nanofibers (NFs) that enable localization of MENs for high-selectivity stimulation, oxygen/nutrient permeation, cell orientation modulation, and biodegradation rate control. The effectiveness of wireless electrical stimulation in vitro through enhanced neuronal differentiation of neuron-like PC12 cells and the controllability of their microstructural orientation are shown. Also, scalability, design flexibility, and rapid customizability of the bioelectronic paper are shown by creating various 3D macrostructures using simple paper crafting techniques such as cutting and folding. This platform holds promise for simple and rapid personalization of temporary bioelectronic implants for minimally invasive wireless stimulation therapies.

Photovoltaic Stimulation Induces Overdrive Suppression in Embryonic Chicken Cardiomyocytes

Abstract In this study, we employed calcium imaging to investigate the dynamics of intracellular calcium levels in embryonic chicken cardiomyocytes upon extracellular, optoelectronic stimulation. A photovoltaic layer of donoracceptor pigments on a flexible PET substrate was used as a wireless stimulation electrode. Our findings revealed a distinct change in their spontaneous activity pattern in cardiac cells following asynchronous light stimulation. A short pause in cellular activity, indicative of overdrive suppression, was observed in recordings from several different cells. The pause in activity signifies a transient refractory period induced by stimulation of the photovoltaic device with red light. These findings suggest that photovoltaic electrodes can be used to effectively modulate the electrical activity of cardiac cells in a wireless, non-pharmacological manner. This opens new avenues for non-invasive and precise light-modulated control of cellular electrophysiology as well as potential therapeutic applications for cardiac rhythm disorders.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy.

The Wireless Stimulation Endocardially for CRT (WiSE-CRT) system is a novel technology used to treat patients with dyssynchronous heart failure (HF) by providing leadless cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Observational studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy profile, however, the treatment cost-effectiveness has not previously been examined. A cost-effectiveness evaluation of the WiSE-CRT System was performed using a cohort-based economic model adopting a "proportion in state" structure. In addition to the primary analysis, scenario analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed to test for uncertainty in input parameters. Outcomes were quantified in terms of quality-adjusted life year (QALY) differences. The primary analysis demonstrated that treatment with the WiSE-CRT system is likely to be cost-effective over a lifetime horizon at a QALY reimbursement threshold of £20 000, with a net monetary benefit (NMB) of £3781 per QALY. Cost-effectiveness declines at time horizons shorter than 10 years. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that average system battery life had the largest impact on potential cost-effectiveness. Within the model limitations, these findings support the use of WiSE-CRT in indicated patients from an economic standpoint. However, improving battery technology should be prioritized to maximize cost-effectiveness in times when health services are under significant financial pressures.

Design of a novel millimeter size wireless electrical stimulator and its targeting effect on the Schaffer-CA1 pathway in rat hippocampus

Traditional tethered nerve implants have many limitations since they rely on physical wires for power and signal transmission. Wireless stimulation technology can promote the exploration of neurological diseases and meet patient requirements, stemming from its portability and efficiency. In this paper, the link transmission characteristics of a sub-millimeter inductor are investigated by simulation, electrical tests, and theoretical analysis. The inductor acts as the receiving coil of a wireless stimulation device, and the wireless energy transmission process based on magnetic induction coupling is analyzed. Second, a novel millimeter-scale wireless stimulator device for neuromodulation is designed based on the parameters of transmitting and receiving coils obtained from the simulation. Finally, rat electrophysiological experiments are conducted to assess the feasibility of the device. The field Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential baseline is first recorded in the CA1 radiation area for 10 min, followed by the addition of high-frequency stimulation, and after successful induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and recording for 10 min, the two coils are fixed at a distance of 1 cm and the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 pathway is added. The experimental results show that the addition of wireless stimulation can modulate the transmission of synaptic electrical activity in the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 pathway and significantly increase the level of (LTP) induction. A millimeter-scale wireless stimulation device is investigated and designed in this paper, the feasibility of the device is demonstrated through ex vivo electrophysiological experiments, and its effects on the targeted modulation of the Schaffer-CA1 pathway in the rat hippocampus are described.

PO-01-026 STEREOTACTIC CARDIAC RADIOTHERAPY FOR RECURRENT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN PRESENCE OF WIRELESS LEFT VENTRICULAR ENDOCARDIAL STIMULATION SYSTEM

Cardiac stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a novel therapy for refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). However, there remain knowledge gaps due to limited experience. The wireless stimulation endocardial cardiac resynchronization therapy (WiSE CRT) is a promising method of left ventricular (LV) resynchronization using a receiver electrode implanted in LV and a transmitter implanted in the intercostal space that is connected to a subcutaneous battery. The safety of cardiac SBRT in the presence of WiSE CRT has not been reported. We present a case of successful cardiac SBRT for recurrent VT from the LV apex delivered safely in a patient with WiSE CRT. N/A An 83-year-old man had a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy with LV apical infarct, LV ejection fraction 20%, NYHA Class III, underlying left bundle branch block status post CRT-D placement, severe coronary artery disease, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease stage III, hyperlipidemia and orthostatic hypotension. He had initially presented with appropriate defibrillator discharges due to paroxysmal VT. He underwent catheter ablation of VT originating from the LV apex. The procedure was complicated by pericardial effusion requiring emergent pericardiocentesis. He was discharged on amiodarone but this had to be discontinued due to adverse effects. He had recurrence of VT and defibrillator shock and mexiletine was started. He started experiencing worsening heart failure symptoms. CRT-D interrogation revealed recurrent episodes of VT terminated by antitachycardia pacing and LV lead malfunction with high impedance and elevated capture threshold with loss of LV pacing. He underwent WiSE CRT system implant and the transvenous LV lead was turned off. Subsequently he had multiple admissions for VT storm requiring device therapies despite antiarrhythmic medication changes including sotalol and mexiletine. Therefore, he underwent cardiac SBRT targeting the LV apical substrate with 25 Gy dose delivered in a single fraction. SBRT treatment plan was created by contouring the components of the Wise CRT system and limiting dose to them <10 Gy (Figure). He has been weaned off antiarrhythmic drugs and has had no recurrent VT for 2.5 months since SBRT. Wise CRT function and battery status remained stable with no detrimental effects based on device interrogation till 2.5 months post SBRT. With careful treatment planning, cardiac SBRT can be delivered safely in the presence of WiSE CRT.

189 Novel Wireless Battery-Free Fully Passive Flexible Brain/Spine Implant for Improved Recovery of Function Through Epidural Stimulation

INTRODUCTION: Acquired motor impairment from diseases such as stroke, trauma, epilepsy, and cancer remains an important cause of disability. Current treatments provide insufficient brain/spine recovery, with most patients failing to recover adequate motor function with rehabilitation alone. Brain stimulation can lead to enhanced synaptic density and synaptic response after long-term stimulation and enhanced motor function recovery. However, non-invasive options remain inadequate and invasive approaches are associated with unacceptable risks. METHODS: A flexible and transparent silicone elastomer substrate was used through microfabrication processes, with an external antenna near the implant to control the stimulation. In vitro validation was accomplished by wireless stimulation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). In vivo validation was performed by motor cortex stimulation on an anesthetized rat. The corresponding hindlimb motion was captured by video. To separate implant-evoked movement from spontaneous movement, we compared the peak hindlimb velocity during 0.5 sec post-stimulation periods vs. the 0.5 sec pre-stimulation periods, across a continuous series of N = 43 stimulation pulses. RESULTS: Cultured hiPSC-CMs cells demonstrated well-controlled beating behavior under 0.5, 1, and 2Hz wireless stimulation. Statistical analysis further confirmed the change in beating rate corresponded with stimulation frequency (p &lt; 0.001). The recorded hindlimb movement under wireless motor cortex stimulation demonstrated synchronization with the delivered voltage pulse trains. Average peak hindlimb velocity during pre-stimulation periods was 0.8 ± 0.4 mm/sec (± S.D.); during post-stimulation periods, 47 ± 13 mm/sec. A two-sample t-test confirmed the applied wireless power directly evoked movement, (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a wireless, battery-less implant with demonstrated efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Efforts at long-term safety evaluation are ongoing in a smaller and larger animal model as a bridge to phase 0/1 clinical trials.

149 Quantitative Performance Assessment of a Wirelessly Powered Vagus Nerve Stimulator in a Porcine Model

INTRODUCTION: Electrophysiological stimulation has been widely used in the management of various disorders, including neurological and cardiac disorders. The dependence on an implantable pulse generator (IPG) increases the risk of surgical complications, patient discomfort, and need for IPG replacement surgery in stimulation methods. Wireless and batteryless stimulators offer important capabilities such reduced need for reoperation, and shorter surgical time compared to their wired counterparts. However, stable quantitative functionality assessment of wireless systems is an essential requirement for their practical usage. METHODS: In vivo studies were performed in three anesthetized male pigs. Conventional wired stimulation using bipolar electrodes and a wireless stimulator using the circular wireless receiver (ø 13 mm, 483 mg) with cuff electrodes were implanted around the right Vagus nerve of all animals. Stimulation was performed at varying frequencies (1–20 Hz), and pulse widths (0.1–1 ms) using both systems. Heart rate, left ventricle pressure, and EKG were monitored during VNS. A paired t-test was used to compare physiological responses to different VNS systems. RESULTS: A total of 84 stimulations by the wireless device and 36 stimulations by the conventional system were performed. 72% of wireless device stimulations and 75% of the conventional VNS stimulations led to significant heart rate reduction (P &lt; 0.05, paired t-test). There was no significant difference between conventional and wireless systems when comparing physiological markers in response to different pulse widths and stimulation frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: This study quantitatively compared functionality of a novel wireless and batteryless VNS system to a conventional VNS, and can serve as a basis for future wirelessly powered implants in the field of neurosurgery to assess functionality and perform close loop stimulation using physiological markers.

The Fifth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit Hosted by the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research (Manhasset, NY) and Columbia Engineering (NY, NY) at The Garden City Hotel, Garden City, NY 11530 on October 11-12th, 2022- Bioelectronic Medicine: Today’s Tools, Tomorrow’s Therapies

The Fifth Bioelectronic Medicine Summit Hosted by the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research (Manhasset, NY) and Columbia Engineering (NY, NY) at The Garden City Hotel, Garden City, NY 11530 on October 11-12th, 2022- Bioelectronic Medicine: Today’s Tools, Tomorrow’s Therapies

Wirelessly powered deformable electronic stent for noninvasive electrical stimulation of lower esophageal sphincter

Electrical stimulation is a promising method to modulate gastrointestinal disorders. However, conventional stimulators need invasive implantation and removal surgeries associated with risks of infection and secondary injuries. Here, we report a battery-free and deformable electronic esophageal stent for wireless stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter in a noninvasive fashion. The stent consists of an elastic receiver antenna infilled with liquid metal (eutectic gallium-indium), a superelastic nitinol stent skeleton, and a stretchable pulse generator that jointly enables 150% axial elongation and 50% radial compression for transoral delivery through the narrow esophagus. The compliant stent adaptive to the dynamic environment of the esophagus can wirelessly harvest energy through deep tissue. Continuous electrical stimulations delivered by the stent in vivo using pig models significantly increase the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter. The electronic stent provides a noninvasive platform for bioelectronic therapies in the gastrointestinal tract without the need for open surgery.

Wireless stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus with nanoparticles modulates key monoaminergic systems similar to contemporary deep brain stimulation

BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is commonly used to alleviate motor symptoms in several movement disorders. However, the procedure is invasive, and the technology has remained largely stagnant since its inception decades ago. Recently, we have shown that wireless nanoelectrodes may offer an alternative approach to conventional DBS. However, this method is still in its infancy, and more research is required to characterize its potential before it can be considered as an alternative to conventional DBS. ObjectivesHerein, we aimed to investigate the effect of stimulation via magnetoelectric nanoelectrodes on primary neurotransmitter systems that have implications for DBS in movement disorders. MethodsMice were injected with either magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) or magnetostrictive nanoparticles (MSNPs, as a control) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Mice then underwent magnetic stimulation, and their motor behavior was assessed in the open field test. In addition, magnetic stimulation was applied before sacrifice and post-mortem brains were processed for immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess the co-expression of c-Fos with either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). ResultsStimulated animals covered longer distances in the open field test when compared to controls. Moreover, we found a significant increase in c-Fos expression in the motor cortex (MC) and paraventricular region of the thalamus (PV-thalamus) after magnetoelectric stimulation. Stimulated animals showed fewer TPH2/c-Fos double-labeled cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), as well as TH/c-Fos double-labeled cells in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), but not in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). There was no significant difference in the number of ChAT/ c-Fos double-labeled cells in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). ConclusionsMagnetoelectric DBS in mice enables selective modulation of deep brain areas and animal behavior. The measured behavioral responses are associated with changes in relevant neurotransmitter systems. These changes are somewhat similar to those observed in conventional DBS, suggesting that magnetoelectric DBS might be a suitable alternative.

The Promises and Future Directions of Wireless Stimulation in Biomedical Applications

Wireless stimulation (WS) technologies have been developed as powerful strategies to modulate cellular behaviour and biological activity remotely and noninvasively through wireless manipulation of electrical signal. These WS systems are constructed from the electrically stimulus-responsive materials (magnetoelectric, piezoelectric, optoelectronic, and bipolar electroactive materials) that are triggered by the primary driving force, general like magnetic field, ultrasound, light, and electric field. With a deeper understanding of the integral role of electrical stimulation played in biological cells, tissues, and organs, WS has become the promising technique to work on neural cell stimulation, for either functional or repair effects, and other biological activities including drug release, electroporation and cancer treatment. This paper summarises existing WS systems in accordance with the utilised stimulus-responsive materials. Also, future directions of WS in potential biomedical applications are discussed. Along with the development of emerging techniques such as bipolar electrochemistry and 3D printing, more effective WS systems will be allowed to apply in biosystems with a change of paradigm.

Passive and Flexible Wireless Electronics Fabricated on Parylene/PDMS Substrate for Stimulation of Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.

In this paper, we report the development of a wireless, passive, biocompatible, and flexible system for stimulation of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMS). Fabricated on a transparent parylene/PDMS substrate, the proposed stimulator enables real-time excitation and characterization of hiPSC-CMs cultured on-board. The device comprises a rectenna operating at 2.35 GHz which receives radio frequency (RF) energy from an external transmitter and converts it into DC voltage to deliver monophasic stimulation. The operation of the stimulator was primarily verified by delivering monophasic voltage pulses through gold electrodes to hiPSC-CMs cultured on the Matrigel-coated substrates. Stimulated hiPSC-CMs beat in accordance with the monophasic pulses when delivered at 0.5, 1, and 2 Hz pulsing frequency, while no significant cell death was observed. The wireless stimulator could generate monophasic pulses with an amplitude of 8 V at a distance of 15 mm. These results demonstrated the proposed wireless stimulator's efficacy for providing electrical stimulation to engineered cardiac tissues. The proposed stimulator will have a wide application in tissue engineering where a fully wireless stimulation of electroconductive cells is needed. The device also has potential to be employed as a cardiac stimulator by delivering external stimulation and regulating the contractions of cardiac tissue.

Launching of a Cyborg Locust via Co-Contraction Control of Hindleg Muscles

Jumping is beneficial for microrobots because they have to face obstacles larger than their height frequently. However, compacting a jumping mechanism into the small body of a microrobot is exceptionally challenging. Instead of assembling a bio-inspired microrobot, the insect itself can be transformed into a jumping robot. Herein, we demonstrated the first-ever biohybrid jumping robot that retained the natural jumping ability of a locust. The fast kicking of the locust's hindleg was mainly induced by two muscles, flexor muscle, and extensor muscle. The elaborate structure and accurate collaboration of the muscles are critical for leg kicking, contributing to the co-contraction process. In this article, we investigated the sequences of muscular activities and demonstrated the co-contraction control exogenously. The kicking control of the hindleg relies on the accurately overlapped stimulation and the independently modulated waveform. With the help of a tiny wireless stimulator, the cyborg locust was remotely controlled to jump an average of 10.4 cm high and 42.6 cm far. Moreover, the cyborg locust retained its internal body righting mechanism, which means the robot can quickly recover its posture for consecutive jumping. This work is a foundational step towards a fully controllable biohybrid jumping robot.

In silico assessment of electrophysiological neuronal recordings mediated by magnetoelectric nanoparticles

Magnetoelectric materials hold untapped potential to revolutionize biomedical technologies. Sensing of biophysical processes in the brain is a particularly attractive application, with the prospect of using magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) as injectable agents for rapid brain-wide modulation and recording. Recent studies have demonstrated wireless brain stimulation in vivo using MENPs synthesized from cobalt ferrite (CFO) cores coated with piezoelectric barium titanate (BTO) shells. CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs have a relatively high magnetoelectric coefficient and have been proposed for direct magnetic particle imaging (MPI) of brain electrophysiology. However, the feasibility of acquiring such readouts has not been demonstrated or methodically quantified. Here we present the results of implementing a strain-based finite element magnetoelectric model of CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs and apply the model to quantify magnetization in response to neural electric fields. We use the model to determine optimal MENPs-mediated electrophysiological readouts both at the single neuron level and for MENPs diffusing in bulk neural tissue for in vivo scenarios. Our results lay the groundwork for MENP recording of electrophysiological signals and provide a broad analytical infrastructure to validate MENPs for biomedical applications.