Remote Wireless Research Articles

Efficacious Continuous Monitoring of Infants Using Wireless Remote Monitoring Technology.

ObjectiveTo compare postductal heart rate and saturation (SpO2) measurements from the wireless PO device obtained by iVital+ against measurements by the standard Masimo (SET technology) monitor in the monitoring of neonates.MethodsPulse oximetry reading of newborns were assessed in terms of heart rate and saturations with two PO simultaneously attached to postductal site and data comparison was done.ResultsOut of the 1000 cumulative recordings, the mean difference between HR obtained from both PO was 0.415 and level of agreement was 2.3 beats per minute. For SpO2 mean difference between devices was 1.21 and level of agreement was 1.5%. There was very little difference between SpO2 measurements when the Masimo SpO2 was ≥ 70%.ConclusionAs this pulse oximeter is small, portable and accuracy is as comparable to Masimo, this provides a good solution for efficaciously monitoring neonates. It can also be used in the monitoring of children with suspected or affected with COVID-19 in hospital and ICU settings as also in the quarantine facilities. This reduces the need for constant presence of medical and nursing personnel.

Carbon-based photo-thermal responsive film actuators with a sandwich structure for soft robots

Photo-thermal responsive actuators are attracting increasing attention due to their good light source and wireless remote control. A Ketjen Black (KB)-based sandwich photo-thermal responsive actuator with low cost, simple preparation, and excellent performance was developed, which significantly improved the actuation performance compared to the bilayer ones, with an impressive actuation bending angle of 75°. Meanwhile, the effects of different carbon materials and structural parameters on actuation performance were discussed. The actuation performance of KB-based actuators can be close to that of the CNTs and GO-based actuators when with the sandwich structure. It was found that the optimal structure would be that of PI-PDMS- KB/PDMS. The actuation mechanism was further analyzed by the finite element method. The simulation results showed good conformity to the experiments, which presented the feasibility of predicting the film actuators' photo-thermal responsive performance. The potential of this photo-thermal responsive film actuator to be used in a breathable fabric, mechanical gripper, and bionics robot were also demonstrated.

6G for Bridging the Digital Divide: Wireless Connectivity to Remote Areas

In telecommunications, network service accessibility as a requirement is closely related to equitably serving the population residing at locations that can most appropriately be described as remote. Remote connectivity, however, would have benefited from a more inclusive consideration in the existing generations of mobile communications. To remedy this, sustainability and its social impact are being positioned as key drivers of the sixth generation's (6G) research and standardization activities. In particular, there has been a conscious attempt to understand the demands of remote wireless connectivity, which has led to a better understanding of the challenges that lie ahead. In this perspective, this article overviews the key challenges associated with constraints on network design and deployment to be addressed for providing broadband connectivity to rural areas, and proposes novel approaches and solutions for bridging the digital divide in those regions.

A Self-Powered Triboelectric Multi-Information Motion Monitoring Sensor and its Application in Wireless Remote Control

A Self-Powered Triboelectric Multi-Information Motion Monitoring Sensor and its Application in Wireless Remote Control

Design of intelligent wireless monitoring platform

Taking STC89C52 single chip microcomputer as the controller, the communication carrier adopts low-power Bluetooth 4.0, LCD12864 display screen as the human-computer interaction interface, open-loop stepping motor and closed-loop steering gear as the action actuator, reflective infrared sensor and reflective photoelectric sensor as the detection sensing system, integrating electronics, machinery This set of intelligent wireless monitoring platform developed by *software and other aspects realizes three functions: wireless remote control monitoring, automatic panoramic detection and automatic intrusion alarm. The design has strong practicability. The whole system has the characteristics of low cost and low power consumption. It can play an important role in the field of security.

SYSTEM OF INTELLIGENT MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL FOR THE CONDITION OF MOVING OBJECTS

An intelligent system that monitors the speed and condition of a moving object is designed to reduce the risk of potential threats that may arise with autonomous decision-making capabilities depending on the situation and exchange information with databases via remote network sensors. Risk assessment based on information obtained from stationary metering stations installed at intersections and control crossings, object characteristics parameters and side-effect parameters, alerting the central management system based on the results, and making decisions on regulating the speed of the facility, depending on the level of danger and whether the decision is approved by the center, providing information about the facility on the board, sending alerts to security systems at intersections, and identifying opportunities for change by influencing decisions based on risks The characteristic technical parameters of the inflated object depend on internal and external factors and making appropriate decisions according to the risk assessment, etc. information on processes, monitoring, and control. Monitoring of working conditions with the participation of the remote control wireless sensor network in the central control room.

Increasing quality of the wireless module for monitoring and supervision of sound series of the expanded purpose

The sound series are considered as an addition to visual and thermal imaging information flows when using computerized monitoring systems (CS). A minimum complete structure of spaced microphones for collecting data on sound rows, which is suitable for calibrating, isolating and transmitting data on sound anomalies (SA), is proposed. Duplication of the data transmission channel by wire and Wi-Fi module for recording and determining the type and coordinates of the SA is provided. An experimental receiving module has been assembled, which includes microphones, amplifiers and signals matching boards for digital and analog forms, an ARDUINO UNO WIFI REV2 controller with an integrated Wi-Fi module. It is presented that its addition with a personal computer and a smartphone with the Android operating system forms a CS for remote wireless control of the course of the experimental analysis of sound series. It has been confirmed experimentally that its structure is minimally complete. An algorithm was developed and a software package was written in C/C++ languages. It is shown that the number of microphones is selected from the conditions of the problem from 1 to 5, but their number is limited to five digital inputs of the ARDUINO UNO WIFI REV2 board. A wave representation of the law of temporal changes in intensity and the integral norm of SA is applied. The possibilities of calibrating all data of sound series in analog and digital form are demonstrated. The article presents the suitability of testing the algorithms for determining the phases of echograms from time series data, containing SAs of different origins and recorded by three different microphones. The effect of connecting a Wi-Fi module on reducing the voltage drop by 0.5–1 V is shown. The necessity of an additional registration condition for all microphones is demonstrated. The software interfaces for the calibration of the receiving module and the operation of the mobile application have been developed.

The Combined Use of Remote Sensing and Wireless Sensor Network to Estimate Soil Moisture in Golf Course

In gardening, particularly in golf courses, soil moisture management is critical for maximizing water efficiency. Remote sensing has been used to estimate soil moisture in recent years with relatively low accuracies. In this paper, we aim to use remote sensing and wireless sensor networks to generate soil moisture indexes for a golf course. In the golf course, we identified three types of soil, and data was gathered for three months. Mathematical models were obtained using data from Sentinel-2, bands with a resolution of 10 and 20 m, and sensed soil moisture. Models with acceptable accuracy were obtained only for one out of three soil types, the natural soil in which natural vegetation is grown. Two multiple regression models are presented with an R2 of 0.46 for bands at 10 m and 0.70 for bands at 20 m. Their mean absolute error was lower than 3% in both cases. For the modified soils, the greens, and the golf course fairway, it was not feasible to obtain regression models due to the temporal uniformity of the grass and the range of variation of soil moisture. The developed moisture indexes were compared with existing options. The attained accuracies improve the current models. The verification indicates that the model generated with band 4 and band 12 is the one with better accuracy.

DTN Trustworthiness for Permafrost Telemetry IoT Network

The SHETLAND-NET research project aims to build an Internet of Things (IoT) telemetry service in Antarctica to automatize the data collection of permafrost research studies on interconnecting remote wireless sensor networks (WSNs) through near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) long fat networks (LFN). The proposed architecture presents some properties from challenging networks that require the use of delay tolerant networking (DTN) opportunistic techniques that send the collected data during the night as a bulk data transfer whenever a link comes available. This process might result in network congestion and packet loss. This is a complex architecture that demands a thorough assessment of the solution’s viability and an analysis of the transport protocols in order to find the option which best suits the use case to achieve superior trustworthiness in network congestion situations. A heterogeneous layer-based model is used to measure and improve the trustworthiness of the service. The scenario and different transport protocols are modeled to be compared, and the system’s trustworthiness is assessed through simulations.

Design and development of remote‐control system for two‐wheel paddy transplanter

AbstractTo reduce the human effort involved in walk‐behind paddy transplanter operation, a remote‐control system consisting of an electronic control unit (ECU) was designed and developed. A separate remote handheld wireless kit was developed to control the ECU. The deviation from a straight‐line path was measured by mounting a real‐time kinematic global satellite navigation system on the transplanter to provide a real‐time plot of the navigation path of the transplanter. The results from the field evaluation revealed that the system worked properly with an effective field capacity of 0.16 ± 0.03 ha h−1 with a field efficiency of 73.05% ± 0.35% at 1.8 km h−1 in sandy loam soil. The mean deviation from the predefined straight path was 0.227 ± 0.041 m for the remote‐controlled transplanter as compared to 0.171 ± 0.041 m for a manually operated transplanter. The net benefit of using the transplanter with the developed system was $40 per hectare and $2084 per year with a payback period of 2.7 years. The developed remote‐control system reduced the drudgery/fatigue by up to 90% and increased the operator's work efficiency. In addition, an operator sitting in a safe and comfortable environment outside the puddled field improved the field capacity of paddy transplanters by up to 10% and helped minimize the effects of labor shortage during the transplanting season.

Wireless Control Modelling for Overhead Crane

Radio frequency (RF) remote controllers are widely used in manufacturing, construction, transportation, and many other industrial applications. Cranes, drills, and miners, among others, are commonly equipped with RF remotes. Installation wired communication takes a long time to set up the connection as compared to the wireless connection. The installation becomes very lengthy and complex if we want to get connected with each router. For the same reason, for a system expansion to add more device(s), the re-routing process to connect this new device(s) to the network can be avoided. Instead, with the wireless connection, we don’t have to perform all the setup again. The network can be accessed with the authorized passcode. Radio-controlled devices are ubiquitous in all sorts of industries. In fact, many cranes are now being equipped with radio-controlled technology, which is revolutionizing the way crews move materials around a warehouse or job site. In the steel manufacturing industries, the wireless crane control has proven to assure. more advantage compared to the disadvantage. Through the surveillance and monitoring of wireless remote control for crane that done at AJSB, Prai, Malaysia.

All-in-One Self-Powered Human-Machine Interaction System for Wireless Remote Telemetry and Control of Intelligent Cars.

The components in traditional human–machine interaction (HMI) systems are relatively independent, distributed and low-integrated, and the wearing experience is poor when the system adopts wearable electronics for intelligent control. The continuous and stable operation of every part always poses challenges for energy supply. In this work, a triboelectric technology-based all-in-one self-powered HMI system for wireless remote telemetry and the control of intelligent cars is proposed. The dual-network crosslinking hydrogel was synthesized and wrapped with functional layers to fabricate a stretchable fibrous triboelectric nanogenerator (SF-TENG) and a supercapacitor (SF-SC), respectively. A self-charging power unit containing woven SF-TENGs, SF-SCs, and a power management circuit was exploited to harvest mechanical energy from the human body and provided power for the whole system. A smart glove designed with five SF-TENGs on the dorsum of five fingers acts as a gesture sensor to generate signal permutations. The signals were processed by the microcontroller and then wirelessly transmitted to the intelligent car for remote telemetry and control. This work is of paramount potential for the application of various terminal devices in self-powered HMI systems with high integration for wearable electronics.

Planform geometry effects of piezoelectric wind energy harvesting composite inverted flags

Energy harvesting devices based on the inverted flag configuration have recently attracted attention as a viable option to power small electronics and remote wireless sensors from wind excitation. Despite showing high potential, relatively little research has considered how the dynamics and power generation performance of these devices vary with planform geometry. This study considers composite inverted flags constructed using flexible polyvinylidene difluoride strips as active elements sandwiching a stainless-steel shim as elastic structural support, a configuration allowing for enhanced ability to tailor mechanical and geometrical properties (and hence responses) of the flag. We explore the effect of three key parameters (planform aspect ratio, mass ratio, second moment of area) on flag dynamics (amplitude, flapping frequency) and operational characteristics (power, velocity range). Twelve flags have been manufactured and tested under controlled wind excitation, selected to cover aspect ratios in the range of 0.9–7 and mass ratios in the range of 7–14. Our results expose a number of useful insights into how these devices perform. First, we show that for a given mass ratio, flapping amplitude, frequency, power, and power density are all inversely proportional to aspect ratio and proportional to second moment of planform area. Second, we show that second moment of planform area is a better indicator parameter to assess the flags performance, as compared to the aspect ratio. Third, we show that as mass ratio increases higher power densities and wider operational velocity ranges are allowed; however, this is on the expense of the flag being more sensitive to variations in operating conditions and the possibility of experiencing some unfavourable motion behaviour such as the ‘one-sided’ low-amplitude high-frequency low-power flapping mode.

An RFID-Based Wireless Multistate Controller With Quasi-Isotropic Radiation Pattern for Remote Control Applications

A wireless multistate controller based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology for remote control applications is presented. The controller consists of a configurable RFID tag which has multiply alternative paths connecting to a multiway switch component. The main part of the tag is formed from the combination of loop and dipole to ensure balanced three-dimensional current responses and relatively stable impedances during path switching. With the proposed structure, the controller achieves a compact dimension of only 49 × 47 mm, a stable operation frequency band around the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) band (902–928 MHz), a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern with a gain variation less than 3 dB, as well as a control distance of 6.5–9.1 m in different configurations and directions. These features make the proposed controller a promising choice for wireless multistate remote control applications.

Diagnosis of pine wilt disease using remote wireless sensing.

Pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a major tree disease that threatens pine forests worldwide. To diagnose this disease, we developed battery-powered remote sensing devices capable of long-range (LoRa) communication and installed them in pine trees (Pinus densiflora) in Gyeongju and Ulsan, South Korea. Upon analyzing the collected tree sensing signals, which represented stem resistance, we found that the mean absolute deviation (MAD) of the sensing signals was useful for distinguishing between uninfected and infected trees. The MAD of infected trees was greater than that of uninfected trees from August of the year, and in the two-dimensional plane, consisting of the MAD value in July and that in October, the infected and uninfected trees were separated by the first-order boundary line generated using linear discriminant analysis. It was also observed that wood moisture content and precipitation affected MAD. This is the first study to diagnose pine wilt disease using remote sensors attached to trees.

A Cyber-Physical Data Collection System Integrating Remote Sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks for Coffee Leaf Rust Diagnosis

Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) is a fungal epidemic disease that has been affecting coffee trees around the world since the 1980s. The early diagnosis of CLR would contribute strategically to minimize the impact on the crops and, therefore, protect the farmers’ profitability. In this research, a cyber-physical data-collection system was developed, by integrating Remote Sensing and Wireless Sensor Networks, to gather data, during the development of the CLR, on a test bench coffee-crop. The system is capable of automatically collecting, structuring, and locally and remotely storing reliable multi-type data from different field sensors, Red-Green-Blue (RGB) and multi-spectral cameras (RE and RGN). In addition, a data-visualization dashboard was implemented to monitor the data-collection routines in real-time. The operation of the data collection system allowed to create a three-month size dataset that can be used to train CLR diagnosis machine learning models. This result validates that the designed system can collect, store, and transfer reliable data of a test bench coffee-crop towards CLR diagnosis.

Horticultural Crop Response to Different Environmental and Nutritional Stress

Environmental conditions and nutritional stress may greatly affect crop performance. Abiotic stresses such as temperature (cold, heat), water (drought, flooding), irradiance, salinity, nutrients, and heavy metals can strongly affect plant growth dynamics and the yield and quality of horticultural products. Such effects have become of greater importance during the course of global climate change. Different strategies and techniques can be used to detect, investigate, and mitigate the effects of environmental and nutritional stress. Horticultural crop management is moving towards digitized, precision management through wireless remote-control solutions, but data analysis, although a traditional approach, remains the basis of stress detection and crop management. This Special Issue summarizes the recent progress in agronomic management strategies to detect and reduce environmental and nutritional stress effects on the yield and quality of horticultural crops.

A novel home automation distributed server management system using Internet of Things

In this work, the Home Automation System (HAS) with low cost and wireless remote control module is designed. Internet of Things (IoT) is also implemented along with HAS for monitoring and controlling the home appliances via World Wide Web. Raspberry pi and ESP8266 module use 3.3V TTL logic and the module can be configured to connect with the existing home internet Wi-Fi router through AT commands. So, it can be connected automatically to the configured Wi-Fi network without any initialisations. For switching the load, relays are used for high load current switching capability. Raspberry pi GPIOs can deliver only 20mA of current at 3.3V. The Hall Effect sensor is connected to each load supply line to monitor the current drain by the load. Based on the current drain, the status and power consumption reduces 30% of the load.

Health Monitoring System with Hybrid Laser Sensor Networks and Cloud Computing for Subway Tunnels

The settlement and deformation monitoring for existing tunnels would encounter the difficulties in sensor installation and health evaluation in real time. Thus, it is necessary to develop effective methods for settlement and deformation measurements in the existing tunnels. This study proposed a more practical tunnel deformation monitoring theory and developed remote wireless tunnel deformation real-time monitoring and early warning system based on infrared laser ranging technology and cable sensing technology. The system could monitor the settlement and deformation of the tunnel in real time from a long distance and transmit the deformation data wirelessly in real time; then, three-dimensional space model of tunnel deformation was established, which intuitively and comprehensively reflected the actual deformation of the tunnel and intelligently identified the deformation. Finally, based on the practice of deformation control during tunnel excavation at Xiaohongshu Station of Wuhan Metro Line 8 of China, the measurement results of this new method were compared with the measurement results of particle image velocimetry technology (PIV), the reliability of the new tunnel deformation monitoring method was proved, the settlement error of each monitoring point was found to be less than 1 mm, and the deformation trend was consistent with the actual deformation. The results of this research could provide useful guidance for tunnel deformation monitoring.

Internet-of-things-based four-dimensional high-density electrical instrument for geophysical prospecting

Abstract. The high-density electrical method is a primary method used in shallow geophysical prospecting. Due to the rapid industrial development that has taken place in recent years, the function and performance of high-density electrical instruments have been considerably improved in several aspects. However, most of the electrical instruments currently available on the market still exhibit some shortcomings, such as being bulky, heavy, limited in their data acquisition accuracy, and difficult to connect to the Internet for remote monitoring. To address these problems, this study developed a new multifunctional four-dimensional (4D) high-density electrical instrument based on remote wireless communication technology. The system is small and lightweight, includes an integrated transceiver, has high data acquisition accuracy, and is capable of remote wireless real-time control. In this study, the hardware circuit was designed. The Arm all-in-one (AIO) LJD-eWinV5-ST7 with a 154.4 cm × 87 cm, 800 × 480 high-brightness wide-temperature-range display is used as the host computer, which has the advantages of small size, low power consumption, and abundant hardware resources. Internet of things (IoT) technology is incorporated in the system, and a 4G module is employed to provide a real-time remote control and data acquisition monitoring system based on the cloud platform. Tests showed that this instrument is stable and convenient to use and can meet the requirements for use in field prospecting.