Wireless Multimedia Research Articles

Energy-efficient cooperative routing scheme with recurrent neural network based decision making system for wireless multimedia sensor networks

Energy-efficient cooperative routing scheme with recurrent neural network based decision making system for wireless multimedia sensor networks

Optimized video internet of things using elliptic curve cryptography based encryption and decryption

The adaptive Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000 (JPEG2000) image compression approach employing the wavelet image transform had proposed with the rise of the optimized Video Internet of Things (VIoT) using image transmission security using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) techniques. Compressive Sensing (CS) for periodic data transfers has shown to be an excellent option for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) since CS-based sensor communications drastically reduce data transmissions and enhance energy efficiency. However, another issue that arises when utilizing the optimized VIoT with image transmission compression is data loss as a result of various security risks during transmission. The numerous cooperative communication strategies proved their feasibility in different ways. However, additional issues must be handled while handling image transmission in VIoT. For example, when preparing to transmit an image, you may expend a lot of energy. The main objective of this paper is to increase image quality while minimizing processing time and error rates. However, force aptitude is vital to the research problem for the Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN), as high-dimensional digital images use greater processing capabilities of sensor nodes. The image in WMSN is transmitted through a large number of relays. The experimental findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested paradigm.

Histogram and entropy oriented image coding for clustered wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNS)

Histogram and entropy oriented image coding for clustered wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNS)

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network QoS Bottleneck Alert Mechanism Based on Fuzzy Logic

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are mostly affected by bottleneck issues, high packet loss, increased delay, and minimum throughput. One of the most effective schemes towards controlling the bottleneck on the web is traffic control. The WMSNs handle different types of data, hence QoS is essential to afford trustworthy as well as reasonable services towards these kinds of data. The existing congestion control methods, FTLP and FEWPBRC consider the frequency of packet transmission and decide on the output transmission rate of the sink. In the Fuzzy-Based QoS Alert Bottleneck Mechanism, the probability of congestion is predicted by using a fuzzy inference system with three special congestion indicators, and the traffic rate is adjusted based on the priority of the real-time and non-real-time applications. The FBQACC is simulated using the NS2 simulator and it gives an improvement in the average throughput FTLP and FEWPBRC by 7.1499% and 6.3327%, respectively. Similarly, FBQACC reduces average delay compared to FTLP and FEWPBRC by 11.074% and 7.8128%, respectively. The proposed work also gives a minimized average packet loss percentage compared to the existing congestion control methods.

Cross Layered Network Condition Aware Mobile-Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network Routing Protocol for Mission Critical Communication

The high pace emergence in wireless technologies have given rise to an immense demand towards Quality of Service (QoS) aware multimedia data transmission over mobile wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN). Ensuring reliable communication over WMSN while fulfilling timely and optimal packet delivery over WMSN can be of great significance for emerging IoT ecosystem. With these motivations, in this paper a highly robust and efficient cross layered routing protocol named network condition aware mobile-WMSN routing protocol (NCAM-RP) has been developed. NCAM-RP introduces a proactive neighbour table management, congestion awareness, packet velocity estimation, dynamic link quality estimation (DLQE), and deadline sensitive service differentiation based multimedia traffic prioritization, and multi-constraints based best forwarding node selection mechanisms. These optimization measures have been applied on network layer, MAC layer and the physical layer of the protocol stack that eventually strengthen NCAM-RP to enable QoS-aware multimedia data transmission over WMSNs. The proposed NCAM-RP protocol intends to optimize real time mission critical (even driven) multimedia data (RTMD) transmission while ensuring best feasible resource allocation to the non-real time (NRT) data traffic over WMSNs. NCAM-RP has outperform RPAR based routing scheme in terms of higher data delivery, lower packet drops and deadline miss ratio. It signifies that NCAM-RP can ensure minimal retransmission that eventually can reduce energy consumption, delay and computational overheads. Being the mobility based WMSN protocol, NCAM-RP can play significant role in IoT ecosystem.

Dynamic Network State Learning Model for Mobility Based WMSN Routing Protocol

The rising demand of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) has motivated academia-industries to develop energy efficient, Quality of Service (QoS) and delay sensitive communication systems to meet major real-world demands like multimedia broadcast, security and surveillance systems, intelligent transport system, etc. Typically, energy efficiency, QoS and delay sensitive transmission are the inevitable requirements of WMSNs. Majority of the existing approaches either use physical layer or system level schemes that individually can’t assure optimal transmission decision to meet the demand. The cumulative efficiency of physical layer power control, adaptive modulation and coding and system level dynamic power management (DPM) are found significant to achieve these demands. With this motivation, in this paper a unified model is derived using enhanced reinforcement learning and stochastic optimization method. Exploiting physical as well as system level network state information, our proposed dynamic network state learning model (NSLM) applies stochastic optimization to learn network state-activity that derives an optimal DPM policy and PHY switching scheduling. NSLM applies known as well as unknown network state variables to derive transmission and PHY switching policy, where it considers DPM as constrained Markov decision process (MDP) problem. Here,the use of Hidden Markov Model and Lagrangian relaxation has made NSLM convergence swift that assures delay-sensitive, QoS enriched, and bandwidth and energy efficient transmission for WMSN under uncertain network conditions. Our proposed NSLM DPM model has outperformed traditional Q-Learning based DPM in terms of buffer cost, holding cost, overflow, energy consumption and bandwidth utilization.

Coverage and Energy Efficiency Optimization for Randomly Deployed Multi-Tier Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

In this study, a novel multi-tier framework is proposed for randomly deployed WMSNs. Low cost directional Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR sensors) are randomly deployed across a Region of Interest (RoI), which are activated according to the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm proposed for coverage optimization. The proposed DE and the Genetic Algorithms are applied to optimize the coverage maximization using minimum sensors. Results obtained using the two approaches are tested and compared. Only the scalar sensors that are yielded by the coverage optimization process are kept active throughout the network lifetime while the multimedia sensors are kept in silent. When an event is detected by a scalar sensor, the corresponding multimedia sensor(s), in whose effective coverage field of view (FoV) that the target falls, is then activated to capture the event (target point/scene). The analysis of the network total energy expenditure and a comparison of the proposed framework to current approaches and frameworks is made. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture achieves a remarkable network lifetime prolongation while extending the coverage area.

Resource Allocation using Genetic Algorithm in Multimedia Wireless Networks

Resource allocations in wireless networks is a very challenging task, at one hand wireless networks have scarce resources and suffers from many limitations. At the other hand, typical resource allocation problems requires extensive amount of computations and are usually NP-hard problems. Hence, there is dire need for effective and feasible solutions. Resource allocation problems are concerned in distributing the available network’s resources to all active users in a fair way. Although fairness is hard to define, this work considers the fairness aspects for both, the users and the network operator (service provider). Bio-inspired algorithm are used in many context to provide simple and effective solution tochallenging problems. This works employs Genetic Algorithm to provide effective solution to resource allocation problem for multimedia allocation in wireless networks. The performance of the proposed solution is evaluated using simulation. The obtained simulation results show that the proposed solutionachieved better performance.

QoS Assessment for Video and Audio Data based on a Testbed for Multimedia Wireless ad Hoc Networks

Currently, with the fast modernization of wireless networking technologies as well as the very complex needs of the network users, multimedia data takes for a large proportion in the types of network services, this type of data requires Quality of Service (QoS) differs from traditional data, by ensuring the listening and viewing elements of the user. In this paper, we analyse the effect of video and voice data on QoS of wireless network services based on the establishment of an experimental evaluation (emulation) system or testbed, thereby providing empirical analysis on the effect of multimedia data on mobile wireless QoS.

Differential cryptanalysis of diffusion and confusion based information confidentiality mechanism

Wireless multimedia communications have progressed significantly in recent years. As a result, there is an increasing demand for more secure media transmission to protect multimedia information. Image encryption systems have been presented throughout the years, but those based on chaotic maps are the most secure and trustworthy due to the inherent properties in such types of multimedia contents involving the pixels strong correlation and data handling capacities. In this research, we have performed differential cryptanalysis of a recently suggested cryptosystem based on a three dimensional (3D) logistic map and 3D Cat map. The originally proposed approach was based on diffusion and confusion strategy. The vulnerabilities in the understudy cryptosystem lead to the successful proposed cryptanalysis attack. The original ciphers are recovered by means of a chosen-plaintext attack. The recovered data is also subjected to some statistical analysis to check the quality.

Multimedia Wireless-Network-Based Model for Smart Interactive Translation Teaching

With the acceleration of the internationalization process, the demand for English-speaking talents in all walks of life in China is also increasing. However, the current students’ translation ability is weak and cannot meet the demand for talents. This article combines interactive translation teaching mode with multimedia teaching theory to provide an interactive translation teaching method for English translation teaching. This article studies the impact of multimedia-centered interactive translation teaching methods on college students’ English learning ability from five dimensions: classroom interaction, learning motivation, learning autonomy, language skills application, and English performance. From the results of the previous test, the English translation ability of the students in the two classes is almost at the same level before the experiment. However, after adopting the interactive method based on multimedia wireless network in one semester, the English translation scores of the two classes differed greatly. Most students can actively practice English translation in their spare time. As a result of collecting information and reading materials on the Internet and preparing daily speeches in their spare time, students gradually accumulate enough written materials, which can alleviate the anxiety caused by insufficient content. In addition, students also actively communicate with their classmates after completing the translation to improve their composition level. Studies have shown that the number of students who complete translation tasks only after class has dropped from 75% to 31%.

High-Efficiency Multihomed Multimedia Transmission in Wireless Sensors

For real-time video transmission in multimedia sensor networks, efficient and reliable communication is very important. However, under actual conditions, when the sensor transmits data to the sink node, the link between the sensor and the sink node usually becomes unstable due to bandwidth limitations and unstable transmission links. Unstable data transmission will affect the normal data transmission of sensor nodes, and even cause sensor nodes to fail to communicate with sink nodes. These problems make users who use multimedia sensor networks have a poor user experience. In order to solve these problems, a brand-new multi-homed multi-connection system was designed for wireless multimedia sensors, and a prototype system was implemented. Compared with the traditional single-homed connection mode, the system can maintain a more stable connection under the same bandwidth, memory and CPU resource constraints.

Rate Control Optimization Algorithm of Ubiquitous Power Sensor Network Tester Based on Multimedia

With more and more video application scenarios and increasing complexity, the popularization of multimedia information and the urgent need to update wireless sensor networks have led to the emergence and development of wireless multimedia sensor networks. This paper focuses on the rate control optimization algorithm of multimedia-based ubiquitous power sensor network, which is mainly studied from three aspects: constructing algorithm verification platform based on multimedia technology, performance analysis, and optimization of rate control optimization algorithm based on multimedia technology. An algorithm verification platform is established based on multimedia technology. This article uses a scalable video coding method to design a client-driven scalable video transmission system. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the video quality. The algorithm of rate control based on multimedia technology is proposed. A reliable multipath routing algorithm based on AODV is proposed. Based on the energy balance algorithm, the node-independent routing mechanism and link quality estimation model are introduced. An independent and reliable active/standby communication link to the node of the destination node is established. Linux, the full name of GNU/Linux, is a free-to-use and freely disseminated Unix-like operating system. It is a POSIX-based multiuser, multitasking, multithreaded, and multi-CPU operating system. With the development of the Internet, Linux has gained support from software enthusiasts, organizations, and companies all over the world. In addition to maintaining a strong momentum of development in servers, it has made considerable progress in personal computers and embedded systems. Under the Linux platform, a large number of tests are performed and the performance of the control code rate is analyzed. The so-called sensor network is a distributed intelligent network system that is composed of a large number of small sensor nodes with wireless communication and computing capabilities deployed in the active area through a self-organizing method that can autonomously complete designated tasks according to the environment. The distance between the nodes of the sensor network is very short, and the multihop wireless communication method is generally used for communication. The sensor network can run in an independent environment, or it can be connected to the Internet through a gateway so that users can access it remotely. It is concluded that ABR is the most suitable rate control algorithm for video transmission. According to the CQP experiment results, the QP value set in the improved ABR algorithm is at most 40; the security from the construction of the ubiquitous power sensor network to the final monitoring data collection and upload process is verified by simulating the hypothesis attacks and faults. It is proved that the construction of ubiquitous power sensor network can reduce the energy consumption and delay of monitoring data collection and verify the superiority of constructing ubiquitous power sensor network.

Secure Sampling and Low-Overhead Compressive Analysis by Linear Transformation

Compressed sensing (CS) is attractive in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) because it achieves sampling-compression and confidentiality protection simultaneously. Moreover, applications in WMSNs emphasize the requirement to process real-time data rapidly. However, the reconstruction of CS has high memory and computational overhead, which prevents it from being used online on resource-limited edge devices. In order to effectively analyze the received CS measurements, a low-overhead compressive analysis framework based on linear transformation is proposed. The linear transformation is used to fast construct a proxy that approximates the original signal from CS measurements for inferences online, and the transformation matrix is built by collaborative learning off-line. In addition, we introduce a hardware-friendly binary matrix to update the measurement matrix to ensure the security of the sampling framework. Both theoretical and experimental analyses validate the low overhead and confidentiality of the proposed compressive analysis framework.

Smart geographical routing protocol achieving high QoS and energy efficiency based for wireless multimedia sensor networks

Over the recent years, multimedia applications have begun to be used over wireless sensor networks (WSN), which hitherto has been primarily used to carry small amount of data. To meet the demand for higher throughput and real-time characteristics of multimedia contents, the routing protocol need to be simplified and optimized. In this paper, we present a routing algorithm that provides a low end-to-end packet delay and low packet loss, referred to as smart, greedy forwarding algorithm based on throughput and energy-awareness (SGFTEM). This algorithm routes multimedia packets across a WSN by choosing high- throughput paths rather than always choosing the shorter path to the sink. When it encounters network holes, a network void-bypass is applied, which enhances the reliability of the network. Energy management is also implemented to extend sensor node lifetime by way of reducing the radio transmission coverage to a suitable distance reachable by the sensor nodes The simulation results shows that, SGFTEM reduces the end-to-end delay by 40% and packet loss ratio by 35% and maintain energy consumption against other algorithms. With energy management, the residual energy of sensor nodes are made to be equally distributed across the entire network which results in load balancing. The performance of SGFTEM are also compared via simulation against AGEM, TPGF, GPSR, and AODV showing superior performance under similar scenarios i.e. low packet end-to-end delay, low packet loss and load balancing of routing paths.

An Energy-Efficient WMSN-based System for Endangered Birds Monitoring

Recently, more attention is being payed to the ecological environment because of the rapid decline of animal species especially birds. Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) can be leveraged to monitor, protect and assess changes in birds populations by capturing and sending images in real time. To deal with their limited bandwidth and energy resources, we propose to reduce the amount of visual data to report by sending only images of interest to the collect station. This can be achieved by identifying the endangered target species locally based on their calls before triggering the camera. However, one prominent obstacle is that in wilderness environment, it is difficult to obtain good quality audio signals. This is due to interfering environmental noises that can mask vocalizations of interest so the audio recognition is likely to fail. Therefore, we set up an automated birdsong recognition along with an appropriate noise reduction-based method in order to improve the audio classification accuracy. This ultimately leads to a better use of the network energy and avoids its waste in transmitting useless images.

Novel Image Encryption and Compression Scheme for IoT Environment

Latest advancements made in the processing abilities of smart devices have resulted in the designing of Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) environment. This advanced environment enables the nodes to connect, collect, perceive, and examine useful data from its surroundings. Wireless Multimedia Surveillance Networks (WMSNs) form a vital part in IoT-assisted environment since it contains visual sensors that examine the surroundings from a number of overlapping views by capturing the images incessantly. Since IoT devices generate a massive quantity of digital media, it is therefore required to save the media, especially images, in a secure way. In order to achieve security, encryption techniques as well as compression techniques are employed to reduce the amount of digital data, being communicated over the network. Encryption Then Compression (ETC) techniques pave a way for secure and compact transmission of the available data to prevent unauthorized access. With this background, the current research paper presents a new ETC technique to accomplish image security in IoT environment. The proposed model involves three major processes namely, IoT-based image acquisition, encryption, and compression. The presented model involves optimal Signcryption Technique with Whale Optimization Algorithm (NMWOA) abbreviated as ST-NMWOA. The optimal key generation of signcryption technique takes place with the help of NMWOA. Besides, the presented model also uses Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Matrix Minimization (MM) algorithm-based compression technique. Extensive set of experimental analysis was conducted to validate the effective performance of the proposed model. The obtained values infer that the presented model is superior in terms of both compression efficiency and data secrecy in resource-limited IoT environment.

The Effect of Packet Loss Rate on Multipath Routing for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

The Effect of Packet Loss Rate on Multipath Routing for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network

Quality and Energy Aware Multipath Routing in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

In Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs), the sensor nodes are capable of acquiring the multimedia information like wildlife tracking, traffic accidents as well scalar data. Because of these factors, the WMSNs have a bright future in both academic and industry circles. Multimedia applications, on the other hand, generate a lot of network traffic, which causes a lot of delay and wastes a lot of energy. In WMSNs, both network duration and quality of service are critical, hence an effective routing algorithm that can manage more data while simultaneously extending network lifetime is necessary. Towards this objective, in this paper, we proposes a Quality Aware Multipath Routing (QAMR) that selects multiple paths based on three reference metrics; they are Expected Transmission Count, Energy and Delay. For a given source and sink node, the QAMR constructs a composite metric by combining these three metrics and selects node disjoint multiple paths. Since the multiple paths with common nodes has less efficiency in data forwarding, we opt for node disjoint paths in which no two paths have one common node. On the proposed system QAMR model, extensive simulation tests are performed, and the outcomes are evaluated using a variety of metrics such as energy consumption, throughput, delay, and packet delivery ratio.

Design of Integrated Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Video Surveillance on IoT Enabled Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Design of Integrated Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Video Surveillance on IoT Enabled Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks