Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Research Articles

Capacity and Delay Analysis for Large Social-Aware Mobile Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Most mobile ad hoc wireless networks have social features. It is a fundamental problem how to understand the performances of social-aware mobile ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper, we consider a wireless network area, with restricted mobility model and rank-based social model. On this basis, we investigate the upper bound of throughput capacity in such networks using the protocol interference model. By tessellating the network area into cells spatially and dividing time into slots temporally, we propose a multi-hop relay and slots allocation scheduling strategy. Then, we derive the achieved throughput capacity under this strategy. Results show per-node throughput is related to parameter of social model and range of node motion. In addition, we also study the delay varies by queueing theory in such network. Finally, we discuss capacity-delay tradeoffs in such networks. These results are beneficial to the design of network protocols in large social-aware mobile ad hoc wireless networks.

Interference Aware Route Discovery in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we propose an interference aware expanding region search algorithm to locate a destination in mobile ad hoc networks. In the proposed approach, signal to interference plus noise ration (SINR) is used in place of TTL field of a route request packet. The source node initializes the search query with a threshold value of SINR. Each relay node forwards the packet if its SINR satisfies the threshold criteria provided by the source node in RREQ packet. As a result, the low SINR nodes are removed in route discovery phase prior to the establishment of routes. The simulation results show that proposed algorithm provides significant improvement in performance of reactive routing protocol in terms of reduced routing overhead, reduced energy consumption, and increased network throughput.

A Game Theory Based Clustering Protocol to Support Multicast Routing in Cognitive Radio Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The frequent movement of nodes in cognitive radio mobile ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) causes challenges in scalability, stability, channel sensing and channel access problems that can be solved by using clustering technique. Game theory is a feasible approach to solve such problems by casting clustering problems as distributed optimization problems. The main contributions of this article are as follows. Firstly, we propose a minimum connected weighted inner edge spanning tree (MWIEST) game to find an approximate solution of a MWIEST problem in CRAHNs. In this game, a link-weight function of each link is designed based on a combination of link-stability and link-connectivity ratio functions. Secondly, we prove that the MWIEST game is an exact potential game that exists at least one Nash equilibrium ( NE ) point which is an approximate solution of the MWIEST problem. Besides, we also prove that best responses ( BR s) of the game converge to a NE in finite iterations. Thirdly, based on the MWIEST game, we propose four algorithms including the node information exchange (NIE), the best response selection (BRS), the intermediate nodes selection (INS) and the forming cluster (FC). Specifically, the algorithms NIE, BRS and INS provide a set of intermediate nodes (SetIN) which supports the FC algorithm to form clusters. Finally, we propose the game theory based clustering (GBC) protocol which is combination of the FC algorithm and the proposed cluster maintenance algorithm to construct high stable clusters supporting multicast routing in CRAHNs. Moreover, each obtained cluster includes most members having the same receiving channel which avoids the affected regions of licensed channels. For the performance evaluation, we implement the GBC protocol in OMNET++ platform to demonstrate its performance improvement over the state-of-the-art protocols in terms of network stability and control overheads.

Adaptation of Smart Antenna with AODV Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

In the recent years, Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks (MANET) have played a key role in communication system. It is a self-configured and infrastructure-less network. It is used in different application areas like disaster recovery operations, hospitals and agricultural sectors. However, there are a lot of problems that limit the performances of this network for significantly achieving its roles in different areas. To overcome these problems, this paper enhances the performances of MANET in wireless communication system by adapting smart antenna in Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol combining with multiple network interfaces. The improved new version AODV utilizing directional antenna and multiple network interface compared with Omni-directional antenna is evaluated based on simulations, which was done with the Network Simulator version two (NS2). Through this study, we found out that directional antennas integrating with multiple network interface throughput and end to end delays always outperform Omni-directional antennas in both random and grid scenarios for AODV routing protocol. In high communication paths and long communication distances also directional antennas have significant improvements in contrast to traditional Omni-directional antennas. Finally, we recommend that for increasing throughput and decreasing end to end delay utilizing directional antennas and multiple network interfaces in MANET technology improve the performances of the wireless communication system.

Secure co-operative neighbour-based approach for detection and prevention of black hole attack in wireless mobile ad-hoc networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks are infrastructure-less, temporary networks which are exposed to routing attacks. Black hole attack is a routing attack formed by dropping all the received packets by a malicious node. To ensure the security and strength of MANETs a secure and effective mechanism is obligatory. This paper presents Secure Cooperative Neighbour-Based Approach in AODV to perceive and circumvent the black hole attack from the start of the network. This approach enables every node to exchange information with its neighbour using a secure, efficient and quick detection process against routing attacks by taking an alternative route on finding an attacker. This approach is able to avoid the black hole nodes and improve the performance of the system as observed in the simulations under ns2.

Secure co-operative neighbour-based approach for detection and prevention of black hole attack in wireless mobile ad-hoc networks

Mobile ad-hoc networks are infrastructure-less, temporary networks which are exposed to routing attacks. Black hole attack is a routing attack formed by dropping all the received packets by a malicious node. To ensure the security and strength of MANETs a secure and effective mechanism is obligatory. This paper presents Secure Cooperative Neighbour-Based Approach in AODV to perceive and circumvent the black hole attack from the start of the network. This approach enables every node to exchange information with its neighbour using a secure, efficient and quick detection process against routing attacks by taking an alternative route on finding an attacker. This approach is able to avoid the black hole nodes and improve the performance of the system as observed in the simulations under ns2.

Implementation of Random Direction-3D Mobility Model to Achieve Better QoS Support in MANET

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) provides changing network topology due to the mobility of nodes. The complexity of the network increases because of dynamic topology of nodes. In a MANET, nodes communicate with each other without the help of any infrastructure. Therefore, achieving QoS in MANET becomes a little difficult. The movement of mobile nodes is represented through mobility models. These models have great impact on QoS in MANET. We have proposed a mobility model which is a 3D implementation of existing Random Direction (RD) mobility model. We have done a simulation on AODV with QoS metrics throughput, delay and PDR, using NS-3 and performed analysis of the proposed mobility models with other 3D mobility models, namely Random Way Point (RWP) and Gauss Markov (GM). It is concluded that our proposed model gives better throughput, delay and PDR for AODV routing protocol in comparing to RWP and GM mobility models. This paper is for students and researchers who are involved in wireless technology and MANET. It will help them to understand how a mobility model impacts the entire network and how its enhancement improves the QoS in MANET.

A review on propagation of secure data, prevention of attacks and routing in mobile ad-hoc networks

Wireless communication formly mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) plays a significant role in modern technology for transmitting the packets from source node to destination node. The absence of any central contrivance makes MANETs more prone to cyber-attacks. So it is expected to meet the different security requirements such as authentication, confidentiality, integrity, anonymity, and availability. So this paper, developed a detailed survey about the techniques used for solving the various issues like security, authentication and routing. In addition to that, the authentication problem is also focused by providing more security by means of identifying one another. Moreover, the problem of incorporating security into routing protocols, many algorithms have been employed which is very challenging to find out the optimal and efficient method that can be used globally. Finally paper analysed various existing techniques and then critically analysed the work done in the field of MANETs.

Efficient Route Discovery and Link Failure Detection Mechanisms for Source Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

The rapid advances in the wireless communication industry have paved the way for the enhancement of wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) to support various domains including civilian environments, emergency operations, and military affairs. Source routing in MANETs is subject to some issues such as changes in the network topology, which lead to frequent link breakages that may increase the requests of route discoveries. Thus, this paper aims to enhance on-demand source routing protocols by proposing two mechanisms, a zone-based route discovery mechanism (ZRDM) and a link failure prediction mechanism (LFPM). ZRDM aims to control the flooding of route requests, and LFPM aims to avoid route breakages caused by node mobility. The performance of the proposed mechanisms was evaluated using network simulator 3 in terms of normalized routing load, average end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio. The experimental results showed that the proposed mechanisms outperform well-known mechanisms such as the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, reliable DSR, and zone-based DSR and segment-based DSR.

A Secure Trusted Multipath Routing and Optimal Fuzzy Logic for Enhancing QoS in MANETs

Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is an independentmethod of mobile nodes. The multipath routing in MANET is the most important pertains for securable transmission which is potential by neglecting the attackers or self-centered nodes from the network in MANET. The nodes are allowed to move haphazardly. The data reliability, privacy, authorization and authentication, and non-denial are effectively guaranteed by secure routing. In this study, an innovative Quality of Service dependent secured multipath routing system for reliable data communication along with encryption technique is proposed. Also, the Multipath routing process AODV-BR protocol with Optimal Fuzzy Logic is conceived. The Adaptive formation of Grey Wolf Optimization approach envisions the optimal path. Therefore, an optimal path is chosen from the recognizedroutes to shelter the data key management techniques; here Homomorphic Encryption is used. The efficiency in the functioning of the projected technique is evaluated with respect to parameters such as the end to end delay, packet delivery ratio etc. Simulation result demonstrates that energy efficiency and network lifetime of our suggested work is developed than that of existing work.

9203 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: D9113118419/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D9113.118419 Journal Website: www.ijrte.org Novel Preventive Detection Technique for Black-Hole Malware Attack in Wireless Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (WMANET)

A wireless mobile ad-hoc network (WMANET) is endless self-organizing, infrastructure-less collection of movable devices which are connected by using a wireless communication system. In other word’s WMANET is an autonomous, decentralized, dynamic topology, provisional network system having wireless movable devices (nodes) moving randomly without an infrastructure of the network. Furthermore, the nodes communicate with every supplementary node, through forwarding data-packets toward other nodes in the WMANET. The node finds a path to the destination node by applying routing techniques. Due to the dynamic topology of movable nodes wireless mobile network is more vulnerable to security and unprotected to attacks by the malicious node. One of the attacks is Blackhole malware Attack, a malicious-node wrongly advertises shortest to the destination node among an intention of disrupting the network communication. Because the data packets did not arrive at the destination node due to this attack data is lost. In the literature, researchers have been proposed various preventive detection techniques. These techniques used to detect and prevent the black-hole malware attacks. Furthermore, in this paper Novel Detection and Prevention mechanism (INCMAODV) has been simulated the black-hole attack in WMANET scenario. The proposed technique tried to find quality of service (QoS) parameters for instance throughput (Th), packet delivery ratio (PDR) and delay of the network and compared with the state of the art.

A review on propagation of secure data, prevention of attacks and routing in mobile ad-hoc networks

Wireless communication formly mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) plays a significant role in modern technology for transmitting the packets from source node to destination node. The absence of any centr...

Secure Energy Trade-off Analysis in Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks using Novel Scalable & Secure Management Procedure

Wireless Mobile ad-hoc networks are increased with respect to communication and computation in data transmission between different nodes. Node relay configurations overlay routing is a complex task which improve the properties of routing hierarchy without change basic standards of communication routing scenarios. Sensitivity of different potentials of ad-hoc networks, security concerns is a challenging task in wireless ad-hoc networks. Because of resource limitations present in data management via key scenario with transmission is one of the basic design to support secure data transmission and improve network performance with respect to scalability and efficiency. So that, in this paper, we propose and implement high level security concern i.e. Novel Scalable & Secure Management Schema (NSSMS) for wireless ad-hoc networks. For the first time we extend approach to support unital key-distribution methodology to support high network security formalisms to improve network scalability and key based data sharing probability between different nodes for wireless network communications. Obtained results of proposed approach give better improvement to improve network scalability with overall network performance; we also show significant results with comparison of existing results.

Intrusion Detection Techniques for Secure Communication in Different Wireless Networks

Technological advancement in the design of wireless communication have propelled an active interest in the field of Wireless Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). Now days the speed and privacy are more reason of concern than the performance. The attacks can occur and there is always a chance that it will be a success. One of the major problems with Wireless Network security is that, all types of attacks are not known, and new ones emerge constantly [6]. Moreover, there is also a range of attacks that can be launched in the different mode, and thus making it more difficult for the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect them. Therefore, main approach in network security is to detect and remove malicious intrusions. In this paper three different techniques have been proposed for securing Wireless LAN, WSNs and MANETs.

Defected Ground Based Fractal Antenna for S and C Band Applications

Defected ground based modified rectangular fractal patch antenna for mobile devices communication in Delay Tolerant Networks, Wireless sensor networks and Mobile Adhoc networks is being presented in this paper. In view of the overwhelming demand of small and light weight micro-chip patch antenna in wireless communication in the recent years the size of antenna has been reduced considerably. Wideband behaviour of antenna is achieved with improved values of performance parameters like gain, reflection coefficient (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern and bandwidth. The proposed antenna covers various frequency bands like earth to space communication (2.17–2.2 GHz), satellite communication (2.3 GHz), wireless local area networks (2.4–2.484 GHz), Wi Fi (2.4 GHz for 802.11b and 802.11g), Radio Frequency Identification, Microwave oven, Bluetooth (2.45 GHz), Wireless Computer Networking (2.4 GHz), Mobile Wi-Max (2.5–2.69 GHz), Direct to home services (2.5–2.7 GHz), Wi-Max (3.3–3.6) Satellite Communication for Downlink (3.7–4.2 GHz) at various resonating frequencies. High Frequency Structural Simulator; v13 has been used to simulate the proposed antenna. The antenna has been designed and simulated using FR4 epoxy substrate with relative permittivity 4.4 and having size of 32 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm with line feeding technique. Ground plane has also made defective. The antenna shows the bandwidth of 2830 MHz with gain of 6.83 dB, reflection coefficient (S11) − 19.72 dB and VSWR of 1.23 at resonant frequency 2.85 GHz. Size of the antenna stands reduced by 38.73% with deflective ground surface and frequency shifted towards the lower side. The antenna operates from 2.05 to 4.88 GHz covering S and C band applications.

Robust Performance Rate Control to Enhance MANET Networks Routing Issue

Wireless mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) technology is defined as a group of wireless mobile hosts forming a network without any infrastructure or centralized administration. This paper addresses robust performance control on routing problem in the MANET based on path calculation function. A novel routing algorithm is proposed in terms of rate control and path calculation function for enhancing packet delivery fraction and end-to-end delay. The key idea is to construct a control algorithm for reducing the number of route reconstruction in the network. Using the proposed control algorithm, the multiple routes are efficiently selected, resulting in higher packet delivery ratio, lower routing packets, and lower end-to-end delay. Results show the capability of the proposed algorithm.

인지 무선 모바일 애드혹 네트워크를 위한 다중 메트릭 기반 멀티 홉 클러스터링 기법

최근 애드 혹 네트워크 환경에서 인지 무선 기술에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는데 특히, 효율적인 네트워킹을 위해 가용 주파수 채널을 기반으로 한 클러스터링 기법들이 제안되었다. 그러나, 기존 연구들에서는 모바일애드 혹 네트워크의 특성(단말의 이동성, 홉 수에 따른 성능저하 등)이 크게 고려되지 않은 채 가용 채널의 상태만을 고려하여 클러스터를 형성하기 때문에 빈번한 클러스터 재구성 및 이에 따른 통신 안정성 저하, 네트워크 유지보수 오버헤드 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 가용 채널의 개수와 더불어 단말의 위상 정보 및 이동성 정보 등을 바탕으로 클러스터를 구성하도록 하는 기법을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능검증 결과, 기존 연구들 대비 클러스터링 오버헤드와 통신비용에서 향상된 성능 결과를 보이는 것을 확인하였다.

Detection of Collaborative Wormhole Attack in Wireless Mobile Adhoc Network

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.

Hybrid Fractal Antenna Using Meander and Minkowski Curves for Wireless Applications

This paper describes a novel design of Minkowski and Meander curves based hybrid fractal antenna for mobile devices used for communication in delay tolerant networks, wireless sensor networks and mobile adhoc networks. Meander curve improves the impedance bandwidth. Minkowski fractal curve gives its contribution to make antenna multiband. The proposed antenna resonates at five frequencies 1.98, 5.94, 10.61, 12.73, 14.85 GHz. Prior to fabrication, better performance parameters such as return loss, radiation pattern, gain, current distribution, impedance, VSWR are achieved. The maximum bandwidth 2.83 GHz and gain 9.0 dB at 2.4 GHz are achieved. The proposed antenna can be used for various applications like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Wi-Bro, AWS, GPS, S-DMB, WLAN 802.11b/g and DTH services etc. Simulated and measured results are compared and are found in agreement with each other.

Constructing distributed time-critical applications using cognitive enabled services

Abstract Time-critical analytics applications are increasingly making use of distributed service interfaces (e.g., micro-services) that support the rapid construction of new applications by dynamically linking the services into different workflow configurations. Traditional service-based applications, in fixed networks, are typically constructed and managed centrally and assume stable service endpoints and adequate network connectivity. Constructing and maintaining such applications in dynamic heterogeneous wireless networked environments, where limited bandwidth and transient connectivity are commonplace, presents significant challenges and makes centralized application construction and management impossible. In this paper we present an architecture which is capable of providing an adaptable and resilient method for on-demand decentralized construction and management of complex time-critical applications in such environments. The approach uses a Vector Symbolic Architecture (VSA) to compactly represent an application as a single semantic vector that encodes the service interfaces, workflow, and the time-critical constraints required. By extending existing services interfaces, with a simple cognitive layer that can interpret and exchange the vectors, we show how the required services can be dynamically discovered and interconnected in a completely decentralized manner. We demonstrate the viability of this approach by using a VSA to encode various time-critical data analytics workflows. We show that these vectors can be used to dynamically construct and run applications using services that are distributed across an emulated Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Network (MANET). Scalability is demonstrated via an empirical evaluation.