Efficient Route Discovery and Link Failure Detection Mechanisms for Source Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Baidaa Hamza Khudayer,Sabri M Hanshi,Mohammed Anbar,Tat-Chee Wan

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2970279

Baidaa Hamza Khudayer, Sabri M Hanshi + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2970279

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Abstract

The rapid advances in the wireless communication industry have paved the way for the enhancement of wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) to support various domains including civilian environments, emergency operations, and military affairs. Source routing in MANETs is subject to some issues such as changes in the network topology, which lead to frequent link breakages that may increase the requests of route discoveries. Thus, this paper aims to enhance on-demand source routing protocols by proposing two mechanisms, a zone-based route discovery mechanism (ZRDM) and a link failure prediction mechanism (LFPM). ZRDM aims to control the flooding of route requests, and LFPM aims to avoid route breakages caused by node mobility. The performance of the proposed mechanisms was evaluated using network simulator 3 in terms of normalized routing load, average end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio. The experimental results showed that the proposed mechanisms outperform well-known mechanisms such as the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol, reliable DSR, and zone-based DSR and segment-based DSR.

Highlights

The mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is dynamically formed by wireless mobile nodes that arbitrarily move without the administration of a base station or any central point
The performance of the proposed mechanisms was evaluated by comparing it with standard dynamic source routing (DSR) as well as with recently proposed enhancement of DSR such as RDSR, zone-based DSR and segment-based DSR in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), normalized routing load (NRL), and average end-to-end delay
These improvements are attributable to the proposed route discovery process used in zone-based route discovery mechanism (ZRDM), where the coverage area is divided into three regions(zones) and the highest priority is assigned to Region 3 based on the availability of the minimum number of nodes in the forwarding zone (FZ) for reducing the number of route request (RREQ) retransmissions by the nodes that are located close to the sender

Summary

Introduction

The mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is dynamically formed by wireless mobile nodes that arbitrarily move without the administration of a base station or any central point. As a result, when establishing connections to the desired destination, the flooding procedure causes high control overhead, which can degrade the performance of MANET [9]–[13]. Node mobility can cause rapid topology changes in the network; these lead to frequent link breakages that produce additional overhead and disruptions in the established connections [17]–[21]. The disruption events significantly affect network performance, which leads to increased delay and control overhead as well as reduced packet delivery ratio. Such issues increase the demand for an effective link failure prediction strategy. Routing protocols used in MANET must automatically adapt to topology changes to maintain the routes

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