Wireless LAN Research Articles

Enhanced backoff mechanism for uplink OFDMA in Wireless Local Area Network

Uplink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) Random Access (UORA) is a prominent feature within the IEEE 802.11ax protocol, widely employed in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). UORA’s operation centers on two critical elements: OFDMA Backoff (OBO) and OFDMA Contention Windows (OCW). OBO involves the random selection of a positive integer and the decision to access available Resource Units (RUs) hinges entirely on this OBO value. In contrast, OCW represents a range spanning from a minimum to a maximum value, dictating the selection of the OBO counter value. The calculation of OCW is the responsibility of the Access Point (AP), which subsequently shares this value with all user stations in the network. Precisely determining the OCW value is pivotal, particularly in densely populated networks. Addressing this concern has prompted various experiments, often involving the introduction of additional overhead, signaling mechanisms or complex calculation methods. However, augmenting the UORA network with these elements can potentially compromise its performance, especially in highly populated environments. To mitigate these issues, a straightforward solution known as M-OBO has been proposed. The scheme arises when user required re-transmission of data due to collision or non-receipt of acknowledgment of already transmitted data. This re-transmission is subject to the calculation of the OCW value and a random selection of the OBO counter value. The calculated OCW value is correlate with its maximum (i.e. M-OBO = (OCWInc, OCWMax)) and randomly select M-OBO counter value as opposed to the standard approach, which uses the range (0, OCWInc) (i.e. OBO = (0, OCWInc)). The proposed scheme is based on the selection criteria of OBO counter value without demanding complex mathematical calculation or additional signaling overhead. The implementation of suggested scheme is align with standard IEEE 802.11ax UORA structure. This selected OBO counter value further reduced according to the standard UORA process and access RU. Simulation results provide validation for the proposed M-OBO scheme. The proposed M-OBO scheme enhanced 6 to 8 % channel efficiency in static network when compared with Efficient Backoff Scheme (E-OBO).

Performance analysis of the dual-band trapezoidal antenna array for ultra-wideband application

Designing a wireless transmission system with high data rates, high fidelity, and small size is a tough undertaking that has become more popular in the digital age. One of the most important components of wireless communication systems, such as wireless LANs, mobile WIMAX, and Bluetooth devices, is the design of an efficient antenna system. The new circular slot Trapezoidal patch antenna array, which operates in the ultra wide band frequency range of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, is introduced in this study. The FR4 substrate on which the antenna system is built has a dielectric constant of 4.4. The CST microwave studio suite is used to develop and analyze the performance of the compact structure patch antenna array. Antenna performance is examined in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 5 GHz. Antenna array resonance frequency is 3.1 GHz. By inserting a quarter wave line between the SMA connection and the micro stripline, 50 ohm impedance matching may be achieved. In comparison to previous studies, the intended antenna array has a minimum VSWR of 1.18, a maximum radiation efficiency of ?4.842 dB, and a directivity of 8.645 dBi. Using network analyzer, the test and simulation data were analyzed. The intended use of the antenna array system is for biomedical imaging and body area networks. Abbreviations: UWB: ultra wideband; EMI: electromagnetic interference; MIMO: multiple input multiple output; WLAN: wireless local area network; VSWR: voltage standing wave ratio; AVA: antipodal vivaldi antenna; DGS: defected ground structure; RF: radio frequency.

On optimization of resource allocation for LTE aided by WLAN networks with unlicensed frequency bands in internet of vehicles

AbstractDue to the explosive growth of communication devices and vehicles, the ever‐increasing communication data traffic is a challenge for mobile communication in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). A practical solution is to offload the traffic from cellular networks to Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), that is, WiFi, where the spectrum is license‐free. However, the coordination of unlicensed spectrum severely reduces the utilization rate on the spectrum. In this case, unlicensed networks assisted access is proposed to facilitate long‐term evolution technology in unlicensed spectrum (LTE‐U). To improve the data rate for LTE‐U and WLAN users, an allocation optimization scheme for the resources of the licensed and unlicensed spectrum is proposed. Accordingly, the data rate of LTE‐U users and WLAN users can be maximized by adjusting the transmit power and the frequency occupancy time ratio of the unlicensed spectrum for the small cell and WLAN users. Numerical results show that the proposed hybrid LTE networks with WLAN can improve the communication efficiency for the served users.

A Novel Adaptive Indoor Positioning Using Mobile Devices with Wireless Local Area Networks

In this paper, mobile devices were used to estimate the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of wireless channels with three wireless access points (APs). Using the RSSI, the path loss exponent (PLE) was adapted to calculate the estimated distance among the test points (TPs) and the APs, through the root mean square error (RMSE). Moreover, in this paper, the proposed adaptive PLE (APLE) of the TPs was obtained by minimizing the positioning errors of the PLEs. The training samples of RSSI were measured by TPs for 6 days, and different surge processing methods were used to obtain APLE and to improve the positioning accuracy. The surge signals of RSSI were reduced by the cumulated distribution function (CDF), hybrid Kalman filter (KF), and threshold filtering methods, integrating training samples and APLE. The experimental results show that with the proposed APLE, the position accuracy can be improved by 50% compared to the free space model for six TPs. Finally, dynamic real-time indoor positioning was performed and measured for the performance evaluation of the proposed APLE models. The experimental results show that, the minimum dynamic real-time positioning error can be improved to 0.88 m in a straight-line case with the hybrid method. Moreover, the average positioning error of dynamic real-time indoor positioning can be reduced to 1.15 m using the four methods with the proposed APLE.

Achieving the Rewards of Smart Agriculture

From connected sensors in soils, on animals or crops, and on drones, to various software and services that are available, “smart” technologies are changing the way farming is carried out. These technologies allow producers to look beyond what the eye can see by collecting non-traditional data and then using analytics tools to improve both food sustainability and profitability. “Smart Agriculture/farming” (SA) or “Digital Agriculture” (DA), often used interchangeably, refer to precision agriculture that is thus connected in a network of sensing and acting. It is a concept that employs modern information technologies, precision climate information, and crop/livestock developmental information to connect production variables to increase the quantity and quality of agricultural and food products. This is achieved by measuring and analyzing variables accurately, feeding the information into the cloud from edge devices, extracting trends from the various data, and subsequently providing information back to the producer in a timely manner. Smart agriculture covers many disciplines, including biology, mechanical engineering, automation, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and information technology-digital platforms. Minimum standards have been proposed for stakeholders with the aim to move toward this highly anticipated and ever-changing revolution. These foundational standards encompass the following general categories, including precise articulation of objectives, and baseline standards for the Internet of Things (IoT), including network infrastructure (e.g., stable 4G or 5G networks or a wireless local area network (WLAN) are available to end users). To sum up, SA aims to improve production efficiency, enhance the quality and quantity of agricultural products, reduce costs, and improve the environmental footprint of the industry. SA’s ecosystem should be industry self-governed and collaboratively financed. SA stakeholders and end-users’ facilities should meet standard equipment requirements, such as sensor accuracy, end data collectors, relevant industry compliant software, and trusted data analytics. The SA user is willing to be part of the SA ecosystem. This short perspective aims to summarize digital/smart agriculture concept in plain language.

Comparative study of 2FSK and GFSK modulation and demodulation techniques

In the digital communication era, efficient data transmission is paramount, spanning applications from mobile communication to satellite systems. Digital modulation, the process of converting digital data into a suitable format for transmission, plays a pivotal role in ensuring reliability and efficiency. This paper delves into the world of digital modulation, specifically focusing on Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) techniques. FSK encodes digital information using different carrier frequencies, making it adaptable and robust, particularly in noisy channels. This paper explores two variants: 2-level Frequency Shift Keying (2FSK) and Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK). 2FSKs simplicity and noise tolerance make it ideal for applications like wireless LANs and radio broadcasting. However, it may not be the best choice for high-data-rate applications due to limited bandwidth efficiency. GFSK employs Gaussian filtering to reduce spectral width, enhancing bandwidth efficiency and reducing inter-symbol interference. It finds extensive use in applications like Bluetooth. This paper explores the modulation and demodulation processes for both techniques, emphasizing GFSKs spectral efficiency. Future trends encompass emerging technologies like signal processing and machine learning, reshaping telecommunications and IoT. In conclusion, understanding 2FSK and GFSK modulations nuances aids engineers and researchers. Future endeavors should focus on optimizing GFSKs bandwidth efficiency and bolstering demodulation techniques.

Analysis of multimedia network data security based on routing algorithm

In today’s society, the application of multimedia data is increasing, and the accompanying data security is also an important issue. This paper will analyze the data security of multimedia network based on routing algorithm. The advantages of wireless local area networks (WLAN) and ad hoc networks are combined in wireless mesh networks (WMNs), which have steadily grown to be a reliable method of wireless broadband access. The application of multi RF and multi-channel technology improves the performance of WMN. However, the limitation that includes the number of wireless network interface cards and channels in the network, results in the great challenges ofrouting and channel allocation in multi RF and multi-channel WMN. Based on AODV algorithm, this paper proposes a new cross layer routing algorithm which is JRCA-AODV algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the JRCA-AODValgorithm can successfully increase multiRF multi-channel WMN throughput while lowering packet loss rate and network delay. Take the packet rate of 8 Mbps as an example, the network throughput based on JRCA-AODV algorithm is 1.14 times that of MRMC-AODV algorithm, the packet loss rate based on JRCA-AODV algorithm is 14.06% lower than that of MRMC-AODV algorithm, and the network time delay based on JRCA-AODV algorithm is 14.27% lower than that of MRMC-AODV algorithm. At the same time, JRCA-AODV algorithm can effectively reduce the probability of data loss caused by the competitive and shared access mechanism of the channel, improve the success rate of data transmission, thus reduce the probability of data eavesdropping and tampering in the process of repeated transmission, and improve the security of multimedia network data.This will provide a new direction for promoting the idea of multimedia data security.

Design and Analysis of a Quad-Band Antenna for IoT and Wearable RFID Applications

The role of antennas in wireless communication is critical for enabling efficient signal transmission and reception across various frequency bands, including those associated with IoT (Internet of Things), X-band, S-band, and RFID (radio-frequency identification) systems. This paper presents a small quadruple-band antenna with 25 × 40 × 1.5 mm3 dimensions designed for diverse wireless applications. It is adept at operating in the S-band (2.2 GHz), wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.7 GHz), microwave RFID frequency band (5.8 GHz), and X-band (7.7 GHz and 8.3 GHz). While the majority of existing research focuses on antennas covering two or three bands, our work stands out by achieving quad-band operation in the proposed antenna design. This antenna is constructed on a semiflexible Rogers RT5880 substrate, making it well-suited for wearable applications. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio (2019) simulation package software is chosen for design and analysis. The antenna design features a comb-shaped radiating structure, where each “tooth” is responsible for resonating at a distinct frequency with an appropriate bandwidth. The antenna retains stability in both free space and on-body wearability scenarios. It achieves a low specific absorption rate (SAR), meeting wearable criteria with SAR values below 1.6 W/Kg for all resonating frequencies. The proposed antenna demonstrates suitable radiation efficiency, reaching a maximum of 82.6% and a peak gain of 6.3 dBi. It exhibits a bidirectional pattern in the elevation plane and omnidirectional behavior in the azimuth plane. The antenna finds applications across multiple frequencies and shows close agreement between simulated and measured results, validating its effectiveness.

VoWiFi Cell Capacity Evaluation using WiFi 7 considering VBR Traffic

Deployment for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) technology is experiencing substantial growth. The transmission of Voice over WiFi (VoWiFi) is half-duplex due to its single-talk nature. In order to mitigate the inefficient utilization of available bandwidth, the technique of silent suppression is employed. This feature decreases the level of ambient noise and provides Variable Bit Rate (VBR) communication. To enhance the VoWiFi cell capacity, we utilized VBR traffic instead of Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic. In this study, we developed a mathematical model to find the number of VoWiFi users possible within a WLAN Access Point (AP) considering G.729 vocoder. Arbitration inter-frame space (AIFS) has been utilized in our study to evaluate the channel state prior to transmitting real-time data between user equipment (UE) devices. Additionally, short inter-frame spacing (SIFS) has been employed to transmit Request To Send (RTS)/Clear To Send (CTS) and Acknowledgement (ACK) frames, enabling an examination of the VoWiFi cell capacity. Again, to increase the VoWiFi cell capacity, we incorporated the compressed RTP (cRTP) protocol. Further, we conducted an analysis on the impact of retransmission on VoWiFi cell capacity. This analysis involved a comparison of the results using VBR traffic with the previous WLAN standards, namely IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac/ax. We observed that the improvement in VoWiFi cell capacity in VBR traffic is approximately 2.6 times more than the CBR traffic. Further, our research revealed that the enhancement in VoWiFi cell capacity is approximately 1.5% higher when utilizing AIFS compared to Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) inter-frame spacing (DIFS).

IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: CREATING AN INTELLIGENT COMPUTER SCIENCE CLASSROOM AT THE UNIVERSITY

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the issues related to the creation of "smart" computer science classrooms based on microelectronics in higher education institutions. A "smart" computer science classroom is a fully automated educational environment that operates in three modes: "standard", "automatic" and "automatic energy saving". The smart classroom can be controlled using smartphones, personal computers, and remote controls. The "smart" cabinet, designed for computer science, is equipped with a number of sensors, electronic parts and indicators based on ArduinoUNO, MEGA and ESP8266- 12E WiFi modules. Built-in sensors and indicators of the smart office measure the microclimate in the office and classroom, and display information for demonstrations and laboratory work. The office consists of three modules: "Information", "Executive" and "Demonstration", which are controlled by an ATMEL microcontroller. The Demonstration module is designed to easily and quickly connect various sensors and components to solderless boards. It uses the open Arduino programming platform. Smart sensors can be used in computer science classrooms to monitor variable environmental parameters both indoors and outdoors (such as temperature, humidity, pressure, light level, carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere). In addition, you can remotely control peripheral devices such as TVs, projectors, lamps, electrical outlets, and curtains. All three modules are integrated into a wireless local area network using a star topology for radio communication between the modules. The main components of the system are executive modules that have access to the Internet, hardware, technology, and software tools. The use of the technical base in a higher education institution involves the creation of "smart" computer science classrooms for higher education institutions.

Compact microstrip patch antenna loaded with Artificial Transmission Line for wireless applications

ABSTRACT This article presents an efficient yet simple spiral antenna design methodology for 2.44 GHz Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. In the suggested design, the antenna’s radiating section is redesigned with a particular Artificial Transmission Line (ATL) construction that allows for good downsizing. Circuit analysis and electromagnetic solver are used to verify the design, which demonstrate good agreement with the measured results. The electromagnetic simulation and passive component analysis reveal that the new design matches the traditional designs in terms of frequency tuning and size reduction. The overall footprint of the proposed ATL design is (33 × 25 × 1.6) mm3 which equals to 0.2684λ×0.2033λ×0.013λ, where λ is the distance travelled by the wave per cycle at the operating frequency of 2.44 GHz. The antenna has a gain of 3.8dBi and a 50Ω impedance. Modifying the interdigital capacitance and inductance used in the ATL structure to achieve a longer electrical length of the line can also improve the wave guide mode of excitation. As a result, the phase constant is regulated, allowing for good antenna size minimisation. The effect of interdigital inductance and capacitance on the operating bands is also analysed.

A Folded Cascode CMOS Low Noise Amplifier with Transformer Feedback

This study proposes a folded cascode CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) with transformer feedback, implemented using a 0.13-μm CMOS process for wireless local area network front-end module applications. Compared to a conventional cascode inductive source degeneration LNA (ISDLNA), the folded cascode ISDLNA significantly improved the input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) as well as the 1-dB compression point (P1dB) by ensuring a large voltage headroom. Furthermore, the designed LNA also achieved a low noise figure (NF), while also saving the silicon area by magnetically coupling the source and folding inductors. When tested experimentally, the proposed LNA showed an S21 of 11.0 dB and an NF of 2.6 dB, while achieving an <i>S</i><sub>11</sub> of -7 dB at the operating frequency of 2.4 GHz. The measured input P1dB and IIP3 were -5.6 dBm and +2.5 dBm, respectively. The power dissipation was 9.6 mW from a 1.2-V supply voltage.

An APN Authentication Model for a Secure Enterprise Wireless Local Area Network

An APN Authentication Model for a Secure Enterprise Wireless Local Area Network

CSI-based WIFI Device Identification Solution

In recent years, wireless devices such as WIFI routers have become increasingly common in various fields. Rogue access point (RAP) is one of the threats that has persisted in wireless LAN (WLAN) for many years and can cause varying degrees of property damage and privacy leaks. In response to these threats, we propose a new security mechanism, called Rdi, which uses environment-independent features extracted from channel state information (CSI) as fingerprints for device identification. We found that the phase errors between multiple antennas on a single MIMO-OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) transmitter are not the same. This phase offset is due to the I/Q imbalance and imperfect oscillator of each WiFi network card, and it will not change with factors such as environment and time. Therefore, we inferred and verified that there must be some relationship between the phase errors of multiple groups of antennas, that is, the relative phase error (RPE). In addition, RPE will also vary with different WiFi devices. Compared with some similar fingerprint detection methods in the past, the use of specific connections between group phase errors between antennas can better reveal the different attributes between devices, thereby enhancing the uniqueness of features. Therefore, we believe that RPE can be used as an effective fingerprint to detect RAP attacks. We conduct a large number of experimental demonstrations on this, and innovatively built a multi-modal convolutional neural network (CNN) model to perform efficient classification work for our solution. Experiments on 22 WiFi devices and various scenarios show that the detection rate of Rdi can reach more than 98% in both dynamic and static device states.

Fine-grained grid computing model for Wi-Fi indoor localization in complex environments

The fingerprinting-based approach using the wireless local area network (WLAN) is widely used for indoor localization. However, the construction of the fingerprint database is quite time-consuming. Especially when the position of the access point (AP) or wall changes, updating the fingerprint database in real-time is difficult. An appropriate indoor localization approach, which has a low implementation cost, excellent real-time performance, and high localization accuracy and fully considers complex indoor environment factors, is preferred in location-based services (LBSs) applications. In this paper, we proposed a fine-grained grid computing (FGGC) model to achieve decimeter-level localization accuracy. Reference points (RPs) are generated in the grid by the FGGC model. Then, the received signal strength (RSS) values at each RP are calculated with the attenuation factors, such as the frequency band, three-dimensional propagation distance, and walls in complex environments. As a result, the fingerprint database can be established automatically without manual measurement, and the efficiency and cost that the FGGC model takes for the fingerprint database are superior to previous methods. The proposed indoor localization approach, which estimates the position step by step from the approximate grid location to the fine-grained location, can achieve higher real-time performance and localization accuracy simultaneously. The mean error of the proposed model is 0.36 ​m, far lower than that of previous approaches. Thus, the proposed model is feasible to improve the efficiency and accuracy of Wi-Fi indoor localization. It also shows high-accuracy performance with a fast running speed even under a large-size grid. The results indicate that the proposed method can also be suitable for precise marketing, indoor navigation, and emergency rescue.

Optimizing Internet-Wide Port Scanning for IoT Security and Network Resilience: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach in WLANs with IEEE 802.11ah

ABSTRACT The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has spurred the need for robust security mechanisms within wireless local area network (WLAN) environments. Specifically, the IEEE 802.11ah (WiFi-HaLow) technology offers low-power, long-range communication capabilities ideally suited for IoT devices, but these devices face security threats due to constrained computational resources. This research addresses the challenge of optimizing Internet-wide port scanning to enhance IoT security while minimizing disruptions to network performance. In this paper, we propose a novel reinforcement learning-based approach to achieve this optimization. Our approach harnesses the power of the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm to guide decision-making for IoT security and network performance enhancement. The proposed solution entails training an agent to dynamically adjust the port scanning rate, ensuring the delicate balance between security improvement and network responsiveness. We establish a comprehensive system model, encompassing WiFi-HaLow infrastructure, IPv6-enabled IoT devices, and the integration of Internet-security (IPSec) protocols. Mathematical formulations encapsulate constraints such as resource limitations and security-performance trade-offs. Our experimental setup utilizes a carefully curated dataset and a simulation environment to rigorously evaluate the proposed solution’s effectiveness. The proposed approach demonstrates remarkable security enhancement through the prevention of unauthorized access attempts, data breaches, and improved intrusion detection. Moreover, network performance is optimized, with reductions in latency, improvements in throughput, and energy-efficient operation. By presenting a plethora of comparison scenarios, we validate the superiority of our solution against various benchmarks. This research contributes a comprehensive framework that not only advances IoT security within WLAN environments but also highlights the intricate relationship between security and network performance optimization.

Research on end-to-end secure rerouting and switching protocols for multi-domain communication in wireless LANs

Abstract In response to the escalating demands of wireless local area network (WLAN) users for enhanced network transmission quality, this study explores the optimization of a multi-domain communication system within WLANs. By applying cross-layer technology, we optimize WLAN routing protocols and address end security issues through re-routing and handshake protocol-based solutions. Empirical analysis reveals that our multi-domain communication system outperforms traditional systems, with a 0.28s reduction in delay, a 3.6% to 4.5% decrease in transmit channel utilization, a 2.7% to 3.3% reduction in receive channel utilization, and a queue response time improvement of 0.05 to 0.072s. This research not only demonstrates the superiority of the WLAN multi-domain communication system and End Secure Interaction Protocol over conventional WLAN systems but also provides a viable approach to significantly enhancing WLAN quality.

Smart TCP Approach to Handle Seamless Vertical Handoff

The coexistence of 3G cellular networks with wireless local area networks (WLAN) has been a topic of great interest to the experts in recent years. Heterogeneous networks can complement each other in terms of data rate and coverage area. WLAN provides a high bandwidth data service over a small area while the 3G cellular network provides a higher mobility with lower bandwidth data service. When a mobile node switches between networks, vertical handoff (VHO) that ensures an uninterrupted data service becomes important. During VHO the conventional TCP scheme suffers packet reordering and premature timeout which causes severe throughput degradation. In this paper we propose a Sender based Freeze-TCP (SFTCP) scheme for seamless vertical handoff. SFTCP stops transmitting packets before the disconnection occurs in a way inspired by Freeze-TCP, then it probes link bandwidth after the reconnection to enable the full use of the newly available bandwidth. Instead of using conventional mechanism of freezing we propose a new technique where the mobile sender controls the freezing behavior. Through this approach we can have an immediate recovery upon reconnection as well as a significantly improved window adjustment to the newly available network conditions. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can achieve faster recovery and improved throughput.

AN ASYMMETRICAL PSI-SHAPED MULTIBAND ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

In this article, a low-profile multiband asymmetrical psi-shaped antenna for different wireless applications is presented and analyzed. This multiband antenna consists of an asymmetrical psi-shaped radiator considered on a single layer FR4 substrate with compact dimensions. The better impedance matching characteristics between the radiating element and the signal source are obtained by employing a slotted structure. The designed antenna operates at six different frequency bands of 1.8-2.03 GHz [GSM1800, personal communication systems (PCS)], 4.64-5.35 GHz [wireless local area network (WLAN)], 6.05-6.95 GHz (C-band), 7.92-8.59 GHz (military), 9.55-11.14 GHz [fixed satellite service (FSS)], and 11.57-12.29 GHz (DBS) while the S<sub>11 </sub>value is lower than -10 dB. The Ansoft HFSS 21 electromagnetic simulator is employed to optimize the antenna dimensions and study the antenna functionality at the six different frequency bands. The designed antenna exhibits higher gain at six frequency bands. The developed multiband antenna is prototyped, and test results are generated to validate its performance. The simulation results authenticate acceptable agreement with the measurement results. This antenna is a good choice for GSM1800, PCS, WLAN, C-band, FSS, and military defense applications.

Virtual Private Network—Firewall Integration for Wireless Local Area Network Improvement against Jammers

Wireless networks are susceptible to many security problems since the wireless medium is open. Jammer (jamming attack) is the most important problems in wireless networks. It is denial-of-service attack in which attackers send malicious signals or messages on a channel that is intended for normal traffic by intentionally interfering with the network. One of the solutions is the development of tunneling technology as an attempt to secure communication networks. Virtual Private Network (VPN) tunneling technology when integrated with firewall would provide a suitable security. In this study, number of Jammers would interfere with the normal operation of the network resulting in performance degradation of network. These Jammers decrease throughput and increase delay and data dropped. The aim of this study is to improve the performance of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) by integrating Firewall with VPN in number of different Riverbed Modeler simulation scenarios which it is utilized in this study for video and data applications. Firewall is a technology employed to regulate the level of network connectivity. It can block unauthorized access from an external network to an internal network’s resources. In this study, the tunneling technology of VPN was integrated with firewall to improve the performance by increasing the throughput and decreasing delay and data dropped. The firewall would block any access to the server from the workstations and the VPN would filter the packets to allow a specific access to the specific server. The results showed that VPN when integrated with firewall increased the throughput from 1,350,000 to 1,500,000 bits/sec and decreased the delay from 0.0054 sec to 0.0047 sec and data dropped from 7,800 to 5,000 bits/sec so that this study proved that VPN incorporated with firewall provides a good throughput and delay improvement for wireless local area network.