Wine Consumption Research Articles

Dietary Polyphenols and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias Among Low-income Black and White Americans

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of dietary polyphenols and polyphenol-rich foods/beverages with the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in a multi-ethnic cohort of predominantly low-income Americans.MethodsIn the Southern Community Cohort Study, we estimated intakes of dietary polyphenols, including total, four major classes―flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and lignans―and their subclasses, using a validated food frequency questionnaire and polyphenol databases. Incident ADRD was ascertained via Medicare claims data. Cox model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, treating death as a competing risk and adjusting for potential confounders. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate potential non-linearity of the associations. Analyses were conducted separately among Blacks, Whites, and other ethnicities. Additional subgroup analyses were conducted by income level, educational attainment, and history of cardiometabolic diseases and depression.ResultsOf 14,500 study participants, we identified 1,402 incident ADRD―830 Blacks, 520 Whites, and 52 of other ethnicities―during a median follow-up of 4.0 years in claims data. The median age was 62.0 years at dietary survey and 73.0 years at ADRD diagnosis. The median intake of total dietary polyphenols differed significantly among Blacks (570 mg/d), Whites (1118 mg/d), and other ethnicities (864 mg/d). Total polyphenol intake was not associated with risk of ADRD among all participants or in any racial/ethnic group. However, intakes of flavanols and theaflavins (subclasses of flavonoids) and tea consumption showed significant linear inverse associations among Blacks (HR [95% CI] for highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.72 [0.57–0.91], p-linearity = 0.015; 0.66 [0.53–0.83], p-linearity = 0.006; and 0.69 [0.55–0.86], p-linearity = 0.005, respectively). Meanwhile, a potential non-linear inverse association was suggested for red wine consumption among Whites (HR [95% CI] for highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.69 [0.48–0.99], p-nonlinearity = 0.047). These associations did not differ in additional subgroup analyses.ConclusionsOur findings indicate beneficial associations of certain dietary polyphenols and polyphenol-rich tea for the prevention of ADRD among low-income Black Americans.Funding SourcesThe National Institutes of Health

Mineral and Isotopic Characterization of Wines From the Douro Demarcated Region

ObjectivesIn the 1960s, the French paradox launched the debate around the benefits of wine consumption. Since then several epidemiological studies have evidenced its potential protective cardiovascular effects. Wine’s characteristics are highly dependent on the terroir. This study aims to characterize the profile of 11 minerals and micronutrients (K, Na, Ca, Fe, P, Mg, Mn, Se, Cu, Cr, and Zn) and the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio, and evaluate suitable tracers of authenticity for the Douro Demarcated Region. It will identify the parameters influenced by processing methods or environmental contamination and the ones common to the region, and fundamentally dependent on the soils and climate. MethodsThe sampling plan comprehended the collection of 15 Port wines and 15 Douro wines. All sample preparation occurred in cleanroom facilities, reagents were of high purity and Ultra-pure water grade I was used. Samples were mineralized using closed vessel microwave digestion. For isotopic analysis, a further purification step was required using Sr-selective resin Eichron®. Minerals and micronutrients were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and isotope ratios by multi collector-ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS). ANOVA was applied to evaluate significant differences between the two types of wine. ResultsResults are within the maximum levels established by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), when applicable. k was the most abundant element in both types of wine with values ranging from 399 ± 7 to 1458 ± 7 mg/L. Se was the least abundant one presenting levels between the limit of quantification (2.5 μg/L) and 6.2 ± 0.2 μg/L. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the two types of wine regarding six elements, namely Ca, Na, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Se. ConclusionsSix elements were identified as potential markers for the wines under study. Since all vineyards under study are grown in the same type of geological formation, the soil should not be responsible for these differences. Instead, they may result from agricultural practices, the winemaking process, or the aging of the wines. Funding SourcesThis work was completed under the METROFOOD-PP project frame and received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 871083.

How could basic sensory education free consumers from experts' influence to appreciate complex food products? The case of wine

<h2>Abstract</h2> "Taste" remains the number one motivator of food purchase. Extensive research has been conducted on the purchase determinants of involved wine consumers. Sensory properties are essential for involved consumers, who have a keen interest in understanding how their favorite wines are made, how provenance or production methods impact the taste of the final products. Involved consumers often turn to experts to deepen their knowledge. The challenge consumers often face is the lack of understanding of the expert language. Extensive literature exists comparing naive consumers' and experts' abilities in describing the "taste" of complex products. Several authors seem to imply that expertise is required for superior wine enjoyment. But is it? 50 involved wine consumers took part in an 8-week online training program to learn simple basic sensory principles to evaluate wine. Most realized for the first time the importance of olfaction in their overall wine experience. None had any notion of the biases altering their wine evaluation. All acknowledged how this training helped deepen their understanding of wine and enhance their enjoyment. This presentation suggests that opportunities exist for sensory scientists to amplify current sensory marketing practices beyond words, often misunderstood by consumers.

Red Wine and Health: Approaches to Improve the Phenolic Content During Winemaking.

There is ample evidence regarding the health benefits of red wine consumption due to its content of phenolic compounds, as an alternative to improve the state of health and prevent various diseases, being the implementation of procedures that allow a greater extraction and stability of phenolic compounds during the elaboration a key aspect. The first part of this review summarizes some studies, mostly at the preclinical level, on the mechanisms by which phenolic compounds act in the human organism, taking advantage of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antithrombotic, antiatherogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and other activities. Although the migration of grape components into the must/wine occurs during the winemaking process, the application of new technologies may contribute to increasing the content of phenolic compounds in the finished wine. Some of these technologies have been evaluated on an industrial scale, and in some cases, they have been included in the International Code of Oenological Practice by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). In this sense, the second part of this review deals with the use of these novel technologies that can increase, or at least maintain, the polyphenol content. For example, in the pre-fermentative stage, phenolic extraction can be increased by treating the berries or must with high pressures, pulsed electric fields (PEF), ultrasound (US), e-beam radiation or ozone. At fermentative level, yeasts with high production of pyranoanthocyanins and/or their precursor molecules, low polyphenol absorption, and low anthocyanin-β-glucosidase activity can be used. Whereas, at the post-fermentative level, aging-on-lees (AOL) can contribute to maintaining polyphenol levels, and therefore transmitting health benefits to the consumer.

The sensory experience of wine tourism: Creating memorable associations with a wine destination

Wine tourists primarily seek what they consider to be authentic and, therefore, quality experiences, which are often difficult experiences to articulate and define. The objective of this research is to use consumer culture theory, which views consumers as identity seekers, to understand how the sensory experience of wine tourism can create a unique association for consumers with the destination, thus providing memorable experiences determined to be unique, personably relatable, and, therefore, authentic. A mixed-qualitative methods research approach is used that synergizes auto ethnography, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with industry, and wine consumers to produce a number of overlapping, thematic results. This research results demonstrate the impact of a sensory experience in a wine destination to establish positive and memorable experiences that provide meaning and a personal sense of identity, both of which drive tourism and subsequent visitation. The results also demonstrate the importance of authenticity in driving wine tourists to look for personally relatable experiences that stand out as unique from alternatives. The sensory experience then impacts subsequent wine tourism as consumers seek out ways to ensure the sensory attributes align with expectations.

Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Health

BackgroundStudies evaluating alcohol consumption and cardiovascular diseases have shown inconsistent results. MethodsWe performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications from an extensive query of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to March 2022 for all studies that reported the association between alcohol consumption in terms of quantity (daily or weekly amounts) and type of beverage (wine, beer or spirit) and cardiovascular disease events. ResultsThe study population included a total of 1,579,435 individuals based on 56 cohorts from several countries. We found that moderate wine consumption defined as 1-4 drinks per week was associated with a reduction in risk for cardiovascular mortality when compared with beer or spirits. However, higher risk for cardiovascular disease mortality was typically seen with heavier daily or weekly alcohol consumption across all types of beverages. ConclusionsIt is possible that the observational studies may overestimate the benefits of alcohol for cardiovascular disease outcomes. Although moderate wine consumption is probably associated with low cardiovascular disease events, there are many confounding factors, in particular, lifestyle, genetic, and socioeconomic associations with wine drinking, which likely explain much of the association with wine and reduced cardiovascular disease events. Further prospective study of alcohol and all-cause mortality, including cancer, is needed.

Association Between Wine Consumption and Cognitive Decline in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

BackgroundLow-to-moderate alcohol consumption appears to have potential health benefits. Existing evidence concludes that wine may be associated with a lower incidence of certain diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to examine evidence on the association between wine consumption and cognitive decline and to analyze whether this association varies depending on the wine consumption level or is affected by individual and study characteristics, including mean age, percentage of women participants, and follow-up time.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we undertook a search in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for longitudinal studies measuring the association between wine consumption and cognitive decline from their inception to May 2021. Effect sizes were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman methods.ResultsThe search retrieved 6,055 articles, 16 of which were included in this systematic review. In total, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were published between 1997 and 2019. They were conducted in nine different countries. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 360 to 10,308 with a mean age of 70 years old. Using the DerSimoniand and Laird method, the pooled RR for the effect of wine consumption on cognitive decline was 0.72 (95% CI 0.63–0.80; I2 = 82.4%; τ2: 0.0154). Using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method, the RR was 0.65 (95% CI 0.52–0.79; I2 = 94,531%; τ2: 0.057).ConclusionsThis study may show a protective effect of wine consumption against cognitive decline. However, it would be important for future research to differentiate the types of wine within consumption.

Modelling lifestyle-based segments of Indian wine consumers using the latent profile analysis approach

PurposeThis study aims to identify and validate the different clusters of wine consumers in India based on the wine-related lifestyle (WRL) instrument. It also investigates how the identified clusters differ in terms of socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, income, education, employment and marital status.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a survey using a structured questionnaire to collect data from wine consumers in India. The number of participants totalled to 432. The authors first identified the clusters using latent profile analysis. The authors then used the decision tree analysis based on a recursive partitioning algorithm to validate the clusters. Finally, the authors analysed the relationship between the identified clusters and socio-demographic characteristics using correspondence analysis.FindingsThree distinct segments emerged after data were subjected to latent profile analysis, namely, curious, ritualistic and casual. The authors found that the curious cluster had a high mean score for situational and social consumption while the ritualistic cluster had a high mean for ritualistic consumption. The findings also suggest that the casual cluster had more female wine consumers.Originality/valueThis study makes methodological contributions to the wine consumer segmentation approach. First, it adopts a latent profile analysis to profile Indian wine consumers. Second, it validates the obtained clusters using the decision tree analysis method. Third, it analyses the relationship between the identified clusters and socio-demographic variables using correspondence analysis, a technique far superior to the Chi-square methods.

Wine purchasing decisions in India from a consumer’s perspective: An analysis of influencing factors on the buying behavior

This paper analyzed the factors affecting consumers’ purchase intentions and decisions while purchasing wine. The study was performed based on the primary data collected with the help of a survey and a structured questionnaire using convenience sampling. A total of 120 respondents above 21 years old across India who were wine consumers and likely to purchase wine were the study population. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive analysis, and cluster analysis were the main methods used to analyze the data. The information gathered was subjected to further quantitative analysis using SPSS. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure (KMO) of sampling adequacy was 0.759, and Cronbach’s alpha was 0.817 indicating high reliability of the study. Factor analysis brought out six essential factors affecting the wine purchase decisions of Indian consumers. They are as follows: quality concerns, consumption preferences, consumption deterrents, consumption reasons, social factors, and risk factors. Furthermore, the study found that the purchase intentions of Indian wine consumers are affected by the attitude and awareness of consumers. The cluster analysis further helped to divide the Indian wine market into three segments, i.e., regular consumers comprising 44.2%, non-consumers comprising 29.2%, and occasional consumers comprising 26.7%. A few of the key factors influencing wine purchase are attributes and knowledge of the wine ingredients. In addition, friends and family play an important role in wine purchasing decisions.

Review on Legal Supervision System of the Chinese Wine Industry

After more than 40 years of development, China’s wine regulatory system has been constantly improved, from half-base wine standards to pure-juice fermented wine standards, and then to the establishment of a relatively complete and mature industry-standard system with product and manufacturing standards as the core and other relevant industry standards as accessories. This advancement supports that the Chinese wine industry has emerged from New World wine countries. Nowadays, according to statistics from the International Organization of Vine and Wine, China is one of the top grape producers, wine consumers, and importers globally. Still, wine production has fallen in recent years, and the balance of wine import and export trade also shows a growing trade deficit. Faced with this problem, it is worth thinking about how to improve the regulatory system to help domestic wines overcome the difficulties. In this article, we first review the development process of China’s wine legal supervision system and summarize the situation of Chinese wine production, consumption, and trade in the past 20 years. Then we elaborate on China’s current legal framework for the wine industry consisting of a series of laws, regulations, and standards, and introduce domestic wine geographical indications. Finally, some suggestions are put forward on brand building, wine testing standards, and taxation of domestic wine. This review will help someone interested in Chinese wine to have a deeper understanding of the wine from a legal supervision system perspective and promote international cooperation and communication in the wine industry. In addition, it will also provide references for the establishment of wine regulations and standards in New World wine countries or regions.

The role of cultural identity in acceptance of wine innovations in wine regions

PurposeWine culture is an increasingly important reality for the development of wine regions that can foster a sense of cultural identity (CI). With the aim of guiding marketing in the wine market and segmenting demand, this study aims to introduce the moderating role of wine-related cultural identity (WCI) in a Cognitive-Affective-Normative (CAN) model to explain purchase intention for innovations.Design/methodology/approachThis quantitative study was conducted in Spain, the country with the largest acreage of vineyards in the world. Specifically, a personal survey was applied to a sample of 1,126 potential buyers of a wine innovation in Rioja, the Spanish wine region with the longest tradition.Findings(1) WCI moderates acceptance of a wine innovation; (2) WCI levels generate new segments: Enoculturalists (44.67%), who have a strong WCI, Intermediate Enoculturalists (38.90%), with an intermediate WCI and Non-Enoculturalists (16.43%), who have no WCI; and (3) the CAN model strongly explains the behavior of Non-Enoculturalists (R2 = 0.81).Originality/valueThe originality of the research lies in the opportunity to test a technical innovation in wine production in a region characterized by a strong wine-growing tradition. Despite growing interest in local products, no study has yet examined the moderating role of CI in a new food acceptance model as proposed here. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications, as they identify new groups for targeting innovation-related actions and reactivating wine consumption in keeping with new consumer trends.

World Economy of Winemaking

Old traditional winemaking countries are now ahead of new winemaking countries. In addition to countries with European and Middle Eastern viticultural traditions, wine production has begun on a large scale in Canada, Australia, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, New Zealand, South Africa, Australia and the Americas. The top wine exporters in 2019 are dominated by international wine trade in Italy, Spain and France - the total of 57.1 million hectoliters, which is 54% of the global market. Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States were the largest importers - a total of 40.4 million hectoliters, accounting for 38% of the global market. These three countries account for 39% of the total value of world wine imports, amounting to 11.9 billion euros. The US is the largest consumer of wine in the world, with a record level of 33.0 million hectoliters in 2019. Georgia has a serious potential to establish itself in the world markets with its uniqueness, with the introduction of innovative digital technologies. Keywords: Old World wines, New World wines, Wine Export-Import, Global Wine Market, Wine Economy, Viticulture, Harmonized customs system.

The semiotics of wine. Analysis of wine-related cultural consensus in two Spanish wine-producing regions

In this article we analysed wine-related sociocultural representations in two Spanish wine-producing regions: Logroño (La Rioja) and Tarragona (Catalonia). Our aim was to determine how stakeholders in the wine cycle (producers, distributors, wine consumers, non-wine consumers, oenologists, biotechnologists, biochemists, and healthcare professionals) construct, incorporate and reproduce categories and images related to wine. We conducted seven focus groups made up of consumers, non-consumers, wine experts, wine sellers, wine producers and healthcare professionals. We also used the free listing technique to obtain data (words or short phrases) study participants associated with the word ‘wine’. These words and phrases were organized and analysed using ANTHROPAC software for analysing cultural domains. The results showed that wine is a complex referent that evokes potentially contradictory images while the context in which wine is consumed also has a value from which it cannot be separated. In the La Rioja region, aspects related to local traditions and identity abound (Rioja wine, culture, land), gastronomy (good food), relationships (friends, family, celebrations) and senses (pleasure, aroma, taste). In Tarragona, the most abundant aspects were relationships (friends) and gastronomy followed by senses (aroma, pleasure, enjoyment, flavour) and tradition (wineries, family, culture). By analysing the cultural consensuses captured by the word ‘wine’ from the symbolic and cognitive paradigm, we can understand the complex vision and interpretation of wine in relation to relationships, gastronomy, culture and sensations. By providing these semantic maps with a solid context, we are also able to reflect on the current cultural significance of wine and wine consumption in this two regions in Spain.

Effects of UV-B and Water Deficit on Aroma Precursors in Grapes and Flavor Release during Wine Micro-Vinification and Consumption.

UV-B radiation and water availability can affect amino acids(AAs) concentration in berries, resulting in the evolution of aroma compounds during alcoholic fermentation. This study investigated the effects of UV-B exposure and water availability onwine aroma compounds in Pinot noir, focusing on the role of AAs in the process.Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly decreased total AA concentrations and most individual AAs inberries and wines, while water deficitincreased some individual AAsin wines. Higher alcohols, fatty acids, esters, monoterpenes, and C13-norisoprenoids were affected by UV-B interaction with water deficit in wines. These results suggested individual or combined UV-B exposure and water deficit had direct effects on fruit AAs, leading to significant differences in some wine aroma compounds.

What people TikTok (Douyin) about influencer-endorsed short videos on wine? An exploration of gender and generational differences

顾客在 TikTok（抖音）对网红葡萄酒营销短视频有何见解？探索性别和代际差异研究目的本研究旨在了解社交媒体用户对最受欢迎的平台 - 抖音- 的网红认可的葡萄酒短视频的反应, 依靠消息解释过程 (MIP) 框架, 并识别性别和世代群组的细分差异（Z世代和 Y 世代）。研究设计/方法论利用主题建模、内容分析和定量分析来破译从30 名社交媒体网红发布的 81 个葡萄酒视频中关注葡萄酒产品和消费体验信息检索到的 UGC 数据。研究发现结果表明, 社交媒体用户最倾向于回应产品相关话题, 其次是影响者、情绪、饮酒意图、行为和怀疑态度。同时, 调查结果还显示, 女性群体更可能参与有社交媒体网红主题的话题, 而男性群体对产品主题的贡献更大。 Z 世代队列涉及更多关于饮酒意图的主题, 而 Y 世代则表现更多怀疑。研究实践意义研究结果为酒店和葡萄酒从业者、社交媒体影响者和品牌赞助商提供了宝贵的信息, 以在各种社交网络服务中使用这种先进的策略。研究原创性/价值这项研究首次通过 UGC 数据掌握了抖音用户对这种新兴的网红营销策略的看法。通过 MIP 体现性别和代际群体的差异从而体现本研究的原创价值。

Proposed alcohol tax reform in the United Kingdom: Implications for wine-exporting countries

AbstractA proposal to reform the United Kingdom's excise duty on alcohol is under consideration during 2022. The proposal would change the tax base from volume of product to volume of alcohol, which would see a fall in the tax on sparkling wine (by about one-fifth), a rise in the tax on fortified wines of 18% alcohol by volume (ABV) (by about one-sixth), and table wines with more (less) than 11.5% ABV would become dearer (cheaper). With taxes on most beers unchanged and taxes on spirits lowered slightly, the pattern of UK wine consumption and imports would alter considerably. This article draws on a global model of national alcoholic beverage markets to estimate the likely bilateral trade effects of this proposed reform to UK excise duties. It compares them with the trade effects of the United Kingdom's first two bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs), following the post-Brexit EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, which allows Australian and New Zealand vignerons tariff-free access to the UK wine market. Those two FTAs are estimated to cause the United Kingdom to import far more wine than is lost by the proposed changes in UK excise duties.

Drinking in style? Literature review of luxury wine consumption

PurposeThis paper aims to review and map the landscape of luxury wine consumption in multidisciplinary literature. It highlights the key themes of analysis, consumer markets and common behaviours of luxury wine consumption.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses 85 articles on luxury wine consumption using Leximancer and content analysis.FindingsSix main topics in the extant literature are identified as follows: product perception, wine price, wine information, consumption behaviour, group and China market. Our study revealed the shift in luxury consumption towards affordability, availability, middle-class, younger consumers and predominantly Asian markets.Research limitations/implicationsAs a follow-up to this research, empirical research on luxury wine consumption is needed to establish more precise definitions of terms.Social implicationsWine as a product is susceptible to social changes and preferences, positioning it between old and common luxury.Originality/valueThis research offers theoretical insights into research on luxury wine, including how the literature reflects recent societal changes. It also provides a roadmap for future research in this field.

The Importance of Informational Components of Sparkling Wine Labels Varies with Key Consumer Characteristics

Wine label information is an important aid for consumers in making purchase decisions. However, the influence of label information types in the context of sparkling wines is poorly understood, despite the global growth of this product class. Using an online survey of 576 Ontario sparkling wine consumers, we sought to examine this knowledge gap using two complementary approaches. First, participants were presented with a set of two mock sparkling wine labels, selected at random, from a set of eight conditions. One condition (control) contained all seven of the information types previously identified (endorsements, parentage, attributes, target end use, target end user, manufacture, nonpareil), whereas the other seven omitted one of each of these elements. Respondents then rated their willingness to buy, willingness to pay, and the perception of quality. Lastly, they self-rated the importance placed on 14 different label information statements when purchasing sparkling wine (5-point Likert scale from 1–not at all important to 5–extremely important). Results show that including a description of the wine’s sensory attributes on sparkling wine labels is important to consumers overall, except for those with a high subjective knowledge of sparkling wine, and those who normally spend more than CAD 30 per bottle, as these groups are more willing to buy, willing to pay, and rate their perception of quality higher for labels that do not include attribute information. Grape variety/blend and production region information are rated high in importance. Alcohol content is more important to young consumers and those who prefer Prosecco-style sparkling wines, whereas vintage/year is more important to consumers who prefer Champagne-style sparkling wines. Expert endorsements are rated low in importance, and younger consumers are more willing to buy sparkling wine with the endorsement information removed. We conclude that sparkling wine label information content should be optimised for different market segments and consumer characteristics. This study provides important insights that can guide sparkling wine marketers and retailers in this process.

PREFERENCES OF WINE CONSUMERS FROM DOLORES HIDALGO, GUANAJUATO: A CHOICE EXPERIMENT APPROACH

The objective of this study was to determine which are the most relevant attributes of wine for consumers of this drink, in the region of Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, Mexico. This with the purpose of providing information that may be useful to wine producers in the decisions to be made. The attributes to be evaluated were origin, variety, aging time in barrels, and price, paying special attention to the influence of the origin attribute. We used the method of choice experiments, for which 120 surveys were applied to wine consumers older than 18 years, in the municipality of Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato. Using the mixed logit model, we found that the most valued attribute was the aging time in barrels, followed by origin, and the variety at third place. The favourite product was a wine produced in Guanajuato, in 750 mL bottles, aged in wooden barrels for twelve months, Merlot variety, for which the respondents reported willingness to pay $750 MXN pesos.

Determinants of Choice and Wine Consumption Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis between Two Counties of Romania.

Wine, one of the world’s oldest and most popular beverages, has a distinct variety matching a diverse base of consumers worldwide. The study was conducted in two counties of Romania in order to identify consumers’ perception towards wine consumption, as well as the driving factors behind wine consumption and the decision process of choosing a certain type of wine. Thus, four factors were identified through principal component analysis: intrinsic cues and consumers’ experience, extrinsic cues and origin, notoriety and the label and package of the wine, correlating them with the socio-demographic characteristics of our respondents. It might be concluded that the intrinsic cues and consumer experience ranked highest among the priorities of the participants between 35 and 45 years old when choosing a certain type of wine. Additionally, notoriety was more valued by people with higher income, and people with experience in the domain inclined to pay more for a bottle of wine.