The vibration of wind turbine towers is a critical issue affecting the reliability and safety of wind turbines. Tuned mass dampers (TMD) have been widely used to reduce the vibration of structures. In this study, the finite element simulation method is used to investigate the tower structure’s response to vibration with and without TMD at different placement positions. The results show that under fluctuating wind loads, the vibration displacement and acceleration in the downwind surface of the tower are larger than those in the windward surface. After installing TMD, the damping effect of the wind power tower can be effectively improved. Under the condition that the total mass ratio is constant, the arrangement of placing a single TMD at the top of the tower is changed to a distributed arrangement at the top and the flange. The placement position of TMD affects the vibration reduction effect and the reliability of the tower structure. A distributed arrangement of TMD can improve the reliability of the tower structure and reduce the space occupied by a single TMD.