Wind Load Effects Research Articles

An Integrated Approach to Green and Bioclimatic Design in High-Rise Mixed-Use Buildings: A Case Study of Green Skyscrapers

Urbanization has led to challenges such as resource strain and environmental degradation, prompting the need for innovative solutions. High-rise mixed-use developments offer a way to maximize land use efficiency, but traditional designs often neglect green spaces, leading to energy inefficiency and a lack of connection with nature. This paper discusses the role of plants, integration of plants and bioclimatic design principles in addressing urban challenges. This study explores the integration of plants and bioclimatic design principles in high-rise mixed-use developments. This paper also explains the fundamental principles and design considerations for high-rise buildings, focusing on structural systems, earthquake resistance, and wind load effects. In conclusion, integrating plants and bioclimatic design principles in high-rise mixed-use developments is important for creating sustainable and livable urban environments. By prioritizing green spaces and sustainable design practices, developers can contribute to a greener skyline and a more sustainable future.

Dynamic modeling and robust control of a multi-cable payload transfer system for offshore cranes subjected to random waves and wind loads

The payload often experiences unpredictable motion due to the combined effects of random waves and wind loads, significantly impacting the safety and efficiency of offshore operations. To expand the effective working window for offshore transfer operations, this study introduces a multi-cable payload transfer system (MPTS). Using a 45-ton offshore crane mounted on a multipurpose vessel from COSCO Shipping Group as a prototype, this study establishes a dynamic model of MPTS, considering the effects of vessel motion, crane actions, and wind loads. The payload remains in an unstable state due to external disturbances. Additionally, variations in payload specifications and mass lead to considerable uncertainties in the dynamic parameters of MPTS. To address these uncertainties, a second-order linear observer is developed. Subsequently, an improved computed torque controller is proposed, and the boundedness of the tracking errors is proven using the Lyapunov theory. The transfer process is divided into three distinct phases: lifting, slewing, and lowering. The feasibility of the transfer scheme is verified through high-fidelity simulations and prototype experiments. This research provides a solid theoretical foundation for the subsequent engineering application of MPTS.

Dynamic response and vibration suitability analysis of the large-span double-connected structure under coupled wind and pedestrian loads

Modern buildings increasingly utilize lightweight, high-strength materials and feature high-rise, large-span structural designs. These structures often exhibit low natural frequencies and are susceptible to resonance from low-frequency dynamic loads such as wind and pedestrian loads. This paper focuses on a large-span double-connected structure and analyzes its dynamic response under the combined effects of wind and pedestrian loads. First, a finite element model of the structure was created using ANSYS, and model validity verification and modal analysis were performed. Second, a Fourier-based pedestrian model was used to simulate pedestrian loads and generate time-range data. The pulsating wind speed was generated from the Davenport spectrum using the harmonic superposition method. Wind load time-range data were calculated for different heights using Bernoulli’s theorem. Finally, the solution yields information about the dynamic response of the structure. The study revealed maximum vertical comfort ratings in the connecting corridor were achieved when crowd density did not exceed 0.3 persons/m2. The connecting corridor’s most unfavorable horizontal comfort level was evaluated as a medium, except for the 0-degree wind angle condition. This paper provides experience in studying the dynamic response and vibration suitability assessment of the large-span double-connected structure under wind and pedestrian loads.

Coupled Modeling of Sea Surface Launch Flow and Multi-Body Motion

To simulate the launching process of missile complex flow, movement, and constraint states, a multifield coupling model is put forward based on a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. In this coupled model, a CFD method is used to solve the three-dimensional compressible transient flow, and the six-degree motion of the launching platform is considered, and the virtual contact method is used to deal with the constraint states of the guideway and the slider. The active force and moment are applied to the launching platform to simulate its rolling, pitching, and heaving motions under the 5-level waves. Collision detection is carried out through the minimum clearance distance between the slider and the guideway, and the contact force is handled by a modified Herz collision model. In the problem of launching a missile from the water surface, the change characteristics of the flow field, the load response characteristics, and the relative motion laws of the missile and the launching platform during the catapulting process are investigated. The results show that the motion laws of the projectile and the launch tube in the constrained direction are the same, and the established coupling model is able to simulate the launch separation process of the missile in the constrained state. In addition, the effect of wind load on the missile ejection process is analyzed using the coupled model.

Analysis of concrete damage at anchorage end of the high-speed railway bridge sound barrier under the 400 km/h train-induced wind loads

The sound barrier installed on high-speed railway bridges withstands repeated train-induced wind load, which may lead to concrete damage at its anchorage end. This paper focuses on the assessment of concrete static damage at the sound barrier anchorage end under train-induced wind loads. The nonlinear finite element model of the sound barrier anchorage system is established to analyze the stress distribution, strain distribution and static damage of concrete structure at the anchorage end under 400 km/h train-induced wind loads in respect of different bolt preloads. The simulated results illustrate that both mortar and concrete near bolt holes suffer a certain degree of tensile and compressive damage. The maximum tensile and compressive damage factor values for mortar and concrete are 0.930, 0.643 and 0.892, 0.434 respectively. In addition, the effects of train-induced wind load on the internal force of the sound barrier anchorage take nearly no account, with a maximum of only 0.68 %. The results indicate that bolt preload is the most significant factor for concrete static damage, while the train-induced wind load appears negligible. An appropriate bolt preload can avoid the concrete static damage of the sound barrier anchorage end, and guarantee the structural stability of the sound barrier.

3D LES numerical investigation of vertical vortex-induced vibrations of a 4:1 rectangular cylinder

The aerodynamic characteristics of rectangular cylinders provide valuable references for many engineering structures. Aiming to investigate the characteristics of vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of this kind of bluff section cylinder, the three-dimensional (3D) large-eddy simulations (LES) were conducted on the flow around an elastically mounted rectangular cylinder with an aspect ratio of 4. A novel method for creating 3D meshes was introduced and validated by comparing the aerodynamic parameters and vibration amplitudes with those of experimental data. The mechanism of VIV was then investigated by examining the evolution properties (including the mean and fluctuating pressure, predominant frequency, and spanwise correlation) of distributed pressure at various amplitude-dependent VIV stages. Additionally, the contributing/inhibiting effect of wind load acting on specific regions around the cylinder’s surface on VIV was clarified by investigating the energy input or output. The results show that the vibration amplitude affects both static and fluctuating pressures, with a significant variation in these pressures observed during the amplitude-ascent stage. The distributed aerodynamic force is mainly due to self-excited forces resulting from the cylinder vibration during amplitude-ascent stage, whereas both self-excited forces and forcing forces are prominent during the amplitude-descent stage. Notably, the spanwise correlation coefficient displays its minimum value at the peak amplitude, even lower than that in the non-lock-in region, with the highest value occurring at the onset of the amplitude-ascent stage. The energy analysis revealed that the wind loads acting on the upstream of the cylinder's surface tend to enhance VIV, while those acting downstream tend to inhibit it.

Scientific preparation for JRT: Wind pressure prediction model for large radio telescope based on real data from multi-sensors

Jingdong 120-meter radio telescope (JRT) is poised to become the world's largest single-aperture fully steerable medium-low frequency radio telescope. However, like other large-aperture radio telescopes, the JRT is vulnerable to wind loads, which can cause structural deformation and pointing errors. Addressing this challenge requires the ability to predict dynamic winds in real-time. This study developed a wind pressure preprocessing and prediction model using sensor data collected from the Kunming 40-meter radio telescope (KRT), enabling real-time prediction of wind pressure on the telescope. The model employs adaptive noise and Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) techniques to eliminate random noise from the original wind pressure data. Subsequently, wind pressure predictions are made using a Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory (BiLSTM) model. By conducting predictions under various stabilization conditions and conducting a thorough analysis of measurement data from five sensors, the study has achieved impressive results in predicting wind pressure on the KRT reflector surface. The proposed model demonstrates the lowest MAE, RMSE, and MAPE, while achieving the highest R2 across various data sets. Where the average R2 of the proposed model is 0.9392 at 45° pitch angle attitude and the RMSE, MAE and MAPE values are 1.4923, 1.2377 and 1.82% respectively. This model helps wind load monitoring of real-time wind pressure monitoring of the telescope surface, to study the effects of wind load on pointing accuracy. By adjusting the control parameters to reduce wind load interference, to ensure the high-precision work of a large radio telescope, such as JRT.

Field measurements of wind load effects in a photovoltaic single-axis tracker mounting rail

The demand for solar photovoltaic power installations has resulted in a highly competitive industry. Equipment suppliers are under pressure to reduce design margins for projects to be feasible. Single-axis trackers are widely used to increase yield and reduce the levelised cost of energy compared to fixed-tilt installations. Load coefficients on tracker arrays are usually quantified using model-scale studies conducted in atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnels. These dynamically sensitive structures have been known to suffer wind damage despite the use of modern design methods. Ongoing research into the support structure design is deemed important to ensure long-term reliability. The current study presents full-scale field data acquired over 109 days on an experimental one-in-portrait single-axis tracker facility located in the Western Cape, South Africa. The purpose of these measurements was to quantify wind load effects in two instrumented PV module mounting rails. Frequency domain data showed modal participation of both the torsional and bending modes of the torque tube. The effect of the bending mode was more pronounced for the rail furthest from a pile. Load coefficients calculated using experimental data were generally lower than those presented in ASCE 7-22. Fluctuating stresses at critical locations led to negligible fatigue damage.

Field measurements reveal insights into the impact of turbulent wind on loads experienced by parabolic trough solar collectors

To ensure efficient and reliable operation of a concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) plant, its solar collector field needs to accurately focus sunlight. The optical efficiency and structural integrity of the solar collectors is significantly influenced by wind conditions in the field. In this study, we present insights into dynamic wind loading on parabolic trough CSP collectors. We derive novel conclusions by analyzing a first-of-a-kind measurement campaign of wind and structural loads, performed at an operational CSP plant. Previous research primarily relied on wind tunnel tests and simulations, leaving uncertainty about wind loading effects in operational settings. We demonstrate that the parabolic trough field significantly alters the turbulent wind field within the collector field, especially under winds perpendicular to the trough rows. Our measurements within the trough field show reduced wind speeds, changes in wind direction and turbulence properties, and vortex shedding from the trough assemblies. These modifications to the wind field directly impact both static and dynamic support structure loads. Our measurements reveal higher wind loads on trough assemblies compared to those observed previously in wind tunnel tests. The insights from this study offer a novel perspective on our understanding of wind-driven loads on CSP collectors. By informing the development of next-generation design tools and models, this research paves the way for enhanced structural integrity and improved optical performance in future parabolic trough systems.

Analysis of Tall Building by using Different Dimensions Under Wind Load Effects

Abstract: The expense of land is increasing day by day because of rapid increase in the population whereas vegetation is diminishing, due to diminished vegetation contamination is expanded. In this Research paper, we analyze the various types of the dimensions of the building considering them side ratios too and the effect of windward forces on the building in mainly X and Z direction. This paper is about the study of four-building models as Dimensions (30m*30m), (40m*25m), (55m*20m), (80m*15m) having their horizontal Aspect ratios viz. 1, 1.6, 2.75 & 5.33 at an angle of 0 degrees. The height of the building is 90m. Therefore, the research is proceeding to balance out the structure from an increasingly affordable perspective. To find out the best performance and economical for the lateral wind-force resisting system of different models of 25 storey buildings are modelled in STAAD-PRO, assuming the site location as AGRA (Uttar Pradesh), India. For the different structural systems that are compared for minimum and maximum storey displacement, storey drift. The structural system used is prototype. The axial force, shear force, moment, and reactions at various windward sides are used to compare the best performance of the structure. Above all, wind forces in x- direction shows the adequate displacement and drift values when compared to z- direction but from the economic point of view Model-2 gives the satisfactory result from all the above.

Pengaruh Angin Terhadap Tata Letak dan Jumlah Sekrup Konstruksi Baja Ringan Berdasarkan SNI-7971- 2013

Light weight steel material has experienced rapid development in the construction. However, there are still many costruction failures on light weight steel, resulting in cost loss. The failure of light steel structures often occurs at the connections. The connection tool on milld steel is usually using a self-drilling screw. The research location is at Aceh One Stop Integrated Service and Investment Service Building (DPMPTSP) Aceh. The problem in this study is the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure in the field which is carried out for each member according to the code, and the effect of wind load on the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure. This study aims to determine the effect of the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure. The scope of this research of problems including the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure. The standars used in the design of light steel structures in this study is SNI 7971 2013 and the loading planning standars using SNI 03 1727 1989. Calculation steps using the LRFD method for steel structure design regulated in SNI 03 1729 2002. Based on the results, it is obtained that the number and placement of the screws in the field are different from those obtained in the calculation. From the calculations, it is obtained from the recapitulation, dead loads with a maximum value of 123.07 kg, live loads with a maximum load of 30.1 6 kg, and for compressed air and suction loads with a maximum load of 180 kg. the maximum design force value is 1241.33 kg and the screws bearing resistance value is 256.752 kg. the number of screws is obtained where the the value of the design force is divided by the value of the bearing resistance, on each member obtained 1screw, 2 screws, 3 screws, 4 screws, and 5 screws. Whilst it is found for each member in the field using 3 screws.

Wind influence numerical simulations on stadium structures in RWIND module of the DLUBAL RFEM software

This paper examines the effect of wind load on the stadium building, designed as a possible replacement for the stadium in the city of Mariupol, which was destroyed as a result of hostilities. The problems of using domestic standards in the design of stadium structures are considered. The approach of European regulatory documents to taking into account the effect of wind influence is considered. An analysis of previous scientific studies concerning the determination of aerodynamic parameters for stadium structures has been carried out. An analysis of the domestic regulatory document regulating the collection of wind loads showed the need for additional research into the aerodynamic parameters for stadium structures. Using a special RWIND module as part of the Dlubal RFEM software package, numerical modeling was used to simulate the wind flow flowing around the model of the stadium building, which best corresponded to the adopted design decisions, as if it were carried out in a real wind tunnel. A project was considered for an ellipsoidal stadium, the configuration of the stands and the covering of which is a full bowl with an incomplete covering. The covering over the stadium stands is designed in the form of a canopy formed by cantilever flat steel trusses. The basis of the stadium building frame is made up of vertical steel frames with a rigid connection of nodes, to the central post of which cantilever trusses of the canopy are attached. The result of theoretical testing of the stadium model was distribution diagrams of aerodynamic coefficients, the maximum values of which were used to further determine the values of wind pressure on these structures. An analysis of the research results was was carried out. The use of numerical simulation tools for wind flows made it possible to increase the complexity of the system both at the level of the design solution and at the level of the calculation model. Analysis of the design solution allowed us to competently select the necessary design solutions for load-bearing structures, taking into account the requirements of current design standards and Eurocode 1 regulations.

Pengaruh Angin Terhadap Tata Letak dan Jumlah Sekrup Konstruksi Baja Ringan Berdasarkan SNI-7971- 2013

Light weight steel material has experienced rapid development in the construction. However, there are still many costruction failures on light weight steel, resulting in cost loss. The failure of light steel structures often occurs at the connections. The connection tool on milld steel is usually using a self-drilling screw. The research location is at Aceh One Stop Integrated Service and Investment Service Building (DPMPTSP) Aceh. The problem in this study is the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure in the field which is carried out for each member according to the code, and the effect of wind load on the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure. This study aims to determine the effect of the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure. The scope of this research of problems including the placement and number of screws on the lightweight steel roof structure. The standars used in the design of light steel structures in this study is SNI 7971 2013 and the loading planning standars using SNI 03 1727 1989. Calculation steps using the LRFD method for steel structure design regulated in SNI 03 1729 2002. Based on the results, it is obtained that the number and placement of the screws in the field are different from those obtained in the calculation. From the calculations, it is obtained from the recapitulation, dead loads with a maximum value of 123.07 kg, live loads with a maximum load of 30.1 6 kg, and for compressed air and suction loads with a maximum load of 180 kg. the maximum design force value is 1241.33 kg and the screws bearing resistance value is 256.752 kg. the number of screws is obtained where the the value of the design force is divided by the value of the bearing resistance, on each member obtained 1screw, 2 screws, 3 screws, 4 screws, and 5 screws. Whilst it is found for each member in the field using 3 screws.

Numerical Investigation into the Stability of Offshore Wind Power Piles Subjected to Lateral Loads in Extreme Environments

Monopile foundations are extensively utilized in the rapidly expanding offshore wind power industry, and the stability of these foundations has become a crucial factor for ensuring the safety of offshore wind power projects. Such foundations are subjected to a myriad of complex environmental loads during their operational lifespan. Whilst current research predominantly concentrates on the effects of wind, wave, and current loads on monopile stability in extreme environments, it is imperative to consider the potential influence of unexpected submarine landslide loads. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of wind, wave, current, and submarine landslide loads on monopile foundations in extreme environments. Subsequently, we establish a finite element model for analyzing the stability of monopiles under complex lateral loads, and validate the accuracy of the model by comparing it with the previous numerical findings. A case study is performed with reference to the Xiangshui Wind Farm project to analyze the effects of varying submarine landslide densities, velocities, impact heights, and seabed sediment strengths on pile head horizontal displacement, pile rotation at the mudline, and maximum bending moment. The findings indicate that the increase in submarine landslide density, velocity, and impact height leads to an increase in horizontal displacement at the pile head, pile rotation at the mudline, and maximum bending moments, and a horizontal failure mode is observed in seabed sediments. Furthermore, under the same load conditions, a decrease in seabed sediment strength and internal friction angle triggers instability in monopiles, with a noteworthy transition from horizontal failure to deep-seated seabed sediment failure. Finally, we propose a criterion for monopile instability under diverse loading conditions.

Numerical Simulation of Structural Performance in a Single-Tube Frame for 12 m-Span Chinese Solar Greenhouses Subjected to Snow Loads

To address the structural concerns of a 12.0 m-span landing assembled single-tube frame (LASF) for Chinese solar greenhouses subjected to snow loads, the internal forces and deformations of LASF and its reinforced counterpart (RLASF) were numerically simulated to determine the ultimate bearing capacities (Lu) and the failure loads (Lf). During the simulations, steel tubes were modeled as beam188 elements and cables as link180 elements. The frame constraints and the connections were assumed to be fixed supports and rigid, respectively. The loads were determined according to the Chinese standard (GB51183-2016). Simulations revealed that the LASF and RLASF primarily withstand bending moments and are prone to strength failures under snow loads. Both exhibited lower Lu and Lf under non-uniform snow loads than under uniform snow loads. The results also indicated that crop loads could deteriorate the structural safety of the LASF and RLASF. Lu and Lf were found to be proportional to the section modulus of the tubes. The effects of wind loads and initial geometry imperfections on Lf of the LASF and RLASF can be neglected. Furthermore, the RLASF exhibited higher Lf compared to the LASF. Steel usage of the RLASF could be further reduced by replacing circular tubes with rectangular tubes, making the RLASF a feasible option for constructing Chinese solar greenhouses.

Wind-induced response of the flexible floating roofs of large storage tanks considering liquid sloshing

Most large storage tanks are built in coastal ports and are prone to strong wind. The deformation and stress fatigue problems of the flexible floating roof of tanks under wind loads are worthy of attention. However, current research and standards mainly focus on seismic excitation, and the effect of wind loads is rarely discussed. Therefore, this paper derives a solution for the response of single-deck floating roofs under wind loads considering the liquid sloshing in storage tanks. The displacement of floating roof and velocity potential of liquid are expressed by modal superposition, and the wind pressure is measured by wind tunnel tests and expanded by Fourier series. The vertical displacement, Von Mises stress and hydrodynamic pressure of the floating roof are calculated for various liquid levels. The difference in response and fatigue damage between single-deck and double-deck floating roofs are discussed and the effect of various size parameters is analyzed. The results show that the response increases significantly with the increase of liquid level. Large Von Mises stresses are generated at the junction between the deck and the pontoon due to the difference in stiffness, which may lead to fatigue failure of the weld. A sufficiently wide pontoon or the choice of a double-deck floating roof can effectively avoid stress concentration. The proposed method can quickly estimate the wind-induced response of floating roofs and is expected to be applied to large-scale parametric design and reliability analysis.

Performance Optimization Design Study of Box-Type Substations Subjected to the Combined Effects of Wind, Snow, and Seismic Loads

As a pivotal node in both urban and rural power grids, the box-type substation not only serves the functions of power conversion and distribution but also need to provide structural support and environmental adaptability. However, deficiencies in strength, stiffness, or vibration characteristics may lead to vibration and noise issues, and extreme environmental changes can pose risks of structural damage. This study aims to verify and optimize the seismic resistance and environmental adaptability of box-type substations through finite element simulation methods. Using SOLIDWORKS, a three-dimensional model of the box-type substation was constructed, and static and dynamic analyses were conducted using Ansys Workbench to comprehensively evaluate the dynamic response of the box-type substation under wind, snow loads, and seismic action. Through iterative simulations and a comparison of multiple design solutions, the structural optimization of the substation was achieved. The optimized structure balances strength and stiffness, significantly reducing the weight of the substation body, with the wall thickness reduced by 60%. Additionally, the phenomenon of stress concentration on the side walls was eliminated, ensuring that the equivalent stress is below the material yield strength. This research provides methods and empirical results for enhancing the performance and reliability of box-type substations under seismic conditions, confirming the feasibility of a lightweight design, while ensuring structural safety.

Revealing the Effect of Typhoons on the Stability of Residual Soil Slope by Wind Tunnel Test

Typhoon-induced slope failure is one of the most important geological hazards in coastal areas. However, the specific influence of typhoons on the stability of residual soil slopes still remains an open issue. In this study, the Feiyunjiang catchment in Zhejiang Province of SE China was chosen as the study area, and a downscaling physical model of residual soil slopes in the region was used to carry out the wind tunnel test. Our aim was to answer the question, How does the vegetation on the slope and slope stability respond during a typhoon event? For this purpose, multiple aspects were monitored and observed under four different wind speeds (8.3 m/s, 10.3 m/s, 13.3 m/s, and 17 m/s), including vegetation damage on the slope, macrocracks on the slope surface, wind pressure, wind load, permeability coefficient of the soil layer, and slope stability. The results showed that the plants on the slope could restore to their original states when the wind speeds ranged from 8.3 m/s to 13.3 m/s, but were damaged to the point of toppling when the wind speed increased to 17 m/s. Meanwhile, evident cracks were observed on the ground under this condition, which caused a sharp increase in the soil permeability coefficient, from 1.06 × 10−5 m/s to 6.06 × 10−4 m/s. The monitored wind pressures were larger at the canopy than that at the trunk for most of the trees, and generally larger at the crown of the slope compared with the toe of the slope. Regarding the wind load to the slope ground, the total value increased significantly, from 35.4 N under a wind speed of 8.3 m/s to 166.5 N under a wind speed of 17 m/s. However, the wind load presented different vector directions at different sections of the slope. The quantitative assessment of slope stability considering the wind load effect revealed that the safety factor decreased by 0.123 and 0.1 under the natural state and saturated state, respectively, from no wind to a 17 m/s strong wind. Overall, the present results explained the mechanism of slope failure during typhoon events, which provided theoretical reference for revealing the characteristics of residual soil slope stability under typhoon conditions.

Tribo-corrosion-fatigue behaviors of the parallel wires of main cable in the suspension bridge

The suspension bridge in service is subjected to the coupling effects of dead load, vehicle load, wind load and corrosive environment. These factors cause the tribo-corrosion-fatigue behaviors of parallel steel wires of main cable, which seriously affect the load-bearing safety of the main cable. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate tribo-corrosion-fatigue behaviors of steel wires and the saddle materials. The self-made test rig was developed to carry out tribo-corrosion-fatigue tests between the parallel steel wires, and between the steel wire and saddle groove. Tribo-corrosion-fatigue behaviors (friction coefficient, wear profile, failure area, wear mechanism and wear coefficient) of main cable wires was revealed by high speed digital microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the friction coefficient shows a trend of rapid increase – decrease – increase – stabilization. It decreases with increasing contact load as compared to an increase with increasing fatigue load. The wear width and depth both increase nearly linearly with increasing cycles, while the failure area increases nearly parabolically. As the contact load and fatigue load increase, the wear width and depth increase, and the corrosion of wear area is more obvious. The wear coefficient decreases first and then increases with the increase of cycles. The wear mechanisms are mainly adhesive wear, abrasive wear, fatigue wear and corrosion wear. The increase of contact load and fatigue load promotes the wear deterioration behaviors of cable wires. The results have fundamental significance to ensure the load-bearing safety of the main cable and improve the service safety of the suspension bridge.

Study on Fatigue Life of PC Composite Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs under the Combined Action of Temperature and Static Wind Loads

The large-span bridge is highly sensitive to temperature and wind loads. Therefore, it is essential to study the bridge’s fatigue life under the combined effects of temperature and static wind loads. This study focuses on the main bridge of Qiao Jia-fan 2# on the Yinkun Expressway (G85), with a span of 250 m and a configuration of a PC composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs. Firstly, on-site temperature and wind direction measurements with wind speed were conducted at the bridge site. Origin 2022 software is used to make mathematical statistics on the data, the representative values of atmospheric temperature difference between day and night and the basic wind speeds are calculated. Secondly, based on the basic wind speed in the most unfavorable wind direction, the static three-component force coefficients of bridge at different angles of attack are calculated by FLUENT 2022 R1 software. By comparison, the most unfavorable wind angle of attack, wind direction and wind load value of Qiao Jia-fan 2# Bridge are obtained. Finally, the finite element software MIDAS/FEA NX 2022 is used to analyze the fatigue life of the main bridge of the Qiao Jia-fan 2# Bridge. The analysis results show that the representative value of the temperature difference between day and night in the area where PC composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs is located is 22 °C, the most unfavorable wind direction is NNE wind direction, and the most unfavorable wind attack angle is 3° wind attack angle. It is found that the maximum stress of concrete and corrugated steel webs appears near the 0# block, and the life of corrugated steel webs is far greater than that of concrete.