Willingness Of Participants Research Articles

Exposure and Reactions to Cancer Treatment Misinformation and Advice: Survey Study.

Cancer treatment misinformation, or false claims about alternative cures, often spreads faster and farther than true information on social media. Cancer treatment misinformation can harm the psychosocial and physical health of individuals with cancer and their cancer care networks by causing distress and encouraging people to abandon support, potentially leading to deviations from evidence-based care. There is a pressing need to understand how cancer treatment misinformation is shared and uncover ways to reduce misinformation. We aimed to better understand exposure and reactions to cancer treatment misinformation, including the willingness of study participants to prosocially intervene and their intentions to share Instagram posts with cancer treatment misinformation. We conducted a survey on cancer treatment misinformation among US adults in December 2021. Participants reported their exposure and reactions to cancer treatment misinformation generally (saw or heard, source, type of advice, and curiosity) and specifically on social media (platform, believability). Participants were then randomly assigned to view 1 of 3 cancer treatment misinformation posts or an information post and asked to report their willingness to prosocially intervene and their intentions to share. Among US adult participants (N=603; mean age 46, SD 18.83 years), including those with cancer and cancer caregivers, almost 1 in 4 (142/603, 23.5%) received advice about alternative ways to treat or cure cancer. Advice was primarily shared through family (39.4%) and friends (37.3%) for digestive (30.3%) and natural (14.1%) alternative cancer treatments, which generated curiosity among most recipients (106/142, 74.6%). More than half of participants (337/603, 55.9%) saw any cancer treatment misinformation on social media, with significantly higher exposure for those with cancer (53/109, 70.6%) than for those without cancer (89/494, 52.6%; P<.001). Participants saw cancer misinformation on Facebook (39.8%), YouTube (27%), Instagram (22.1%), and TikTok (14.1%), among other platforms. Participants (429/603, 71.1%) thought cancer treatment misinformation was true, at least sometimes, on social media. More than half (357/603, 59.2%) were likely to share any cancer misinformation posts shown. Many participants (412/603, 68.3%) were willing to prosocially intervene for any cancer misinformation posts, including flagging the cancer treatment misinformation posts as false (49.7%-51.4%) or reporting them to the platform (48.1%-51.4%). Among the participants, individuals with cancer and those who identified as Black or Hispanic reported greater willingness to intervene to reduce cancer misinformation but also higher intentions to share misinformation. Cancer treatment misinformation reaches US adults through social media, including on widely used platforms for support. Many believe that social media posts about alternative cancer treatment are true at least some of the time. The willingness of US adults, including those with cancer and members of susceptible populations, to prosocially intervene could initiate the necessary community action to reduce cancer treatment misinformation if coupled with strategies to help individuals discern false claims.

Research Attitude and Interest among Cancer Survivors with or without Cognitive Impairment.

We examined the research attitudes and willingness to participate in clinical research among cancer survivors with varying degrees of cognitive function. This is a secondary analysis of data collected through the University of California Irvine Consent-to-Contact registry. Cancer survivors completed the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI), the Research Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ), and willingness to participate (WTP) in certain research procedures. Perceived cognitive impairment (CI) was defined as the worst 20% CFI scores. Here, 265 CI and 909 cognitively non-impaired (CNI) participants' data were analyzed. Mean age and sex distribution were similar, with fewer non-Hispanic Whites and education years among CI participants. More CI participants self-reported past diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, stroke, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and alcohol abuse (all p < 0.05). CI participants were significantly more interested in studies investigating approved medications (92% vs. 87%, p = 0.030), lumbar puncture (47% vs. 38%, p = 0.027), and autopsy (78% vs. 69%, p = 0.022). After removing survivors with co-existing neuropsychiatric conditions, interest in autopsy studies remained statistically higher among CI (79% vs. 69%, p = 0.022). Participants with cancer and CI are open to research procedures and interventions that are traditionally less utilized, which may facilitate the discovery of the pathogenesis and interventions for cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI).

The relationship between body donation and attitudes toward death and altruism in Changsha City in China.

In recent years, China has been facing a shortage of cadavers for teaching medical students. A better comprehension of the attitudes and factors influencing the general public's opinion toward body donation would be invaluable for planning and implementing body donation programs. Although altruistic attitude and attitudes toward death have received considerable attention in recent years globally, they have been largely understudied in China. Herein, the potential relationship between attitudes toward altruism and death, and willingness toward whole-body donation in a sample of university students in Changsha City in China were analyzed. A multi-stage sampling method was adopted to recruit 478 Chinese college students from two universities: the Medical College of Hunan Normal University (n = 272) and the College of Civil engineering of Hunan University (n = 206). The study participants were assessed by a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R-C) questionnaire, and the altruism scale. Moreover, Chinese University students demonstrated moderate willingness to donate their bodies. The mean score of the willingness of study participants to donate their bodies was 3.138 ± 0.933 (5-point Likert scale). Acceptance toward death, gender, and type of university were positive factors, whereas fear of death negatively affected willingness toward body donation. Regression analysis showed that factors, including gender (β = 0.237), type of university (β = 0.193), natural acceptance (β = 0.177), and fear of death (β = -0.160) influenced willingness toward body donation. Overall, the present study provides hitherto undocumented evidence on factors influencing willingness toward body donation among Chinese university students, which can assist in designing public awareness programs for encouraging body donation.

Influence of Dockless Shared E-Scooters on Urban Mobility: WTP and Modal Shift

Land use largely depends on the traffic policy of a city. The appearance of e-scooters can greatly affect the visual distribution of transportation, and thus the occupation of land, primarily in the central areas of cities. E-scooters as a shared micro-mobility service have become widespread worldwide since 2017. The advent of e-scooters has made changes in travel habits, especially in the central parts of big cities. However, many issues are focused on e-scooter shared mobility management policies. One of the important issues is the price of renting an e-scooter, on which the percentage of users who use e-scooters largely depend. In order to determine willingness to pay for e-scooter dockless shared mobility, a survey was conducted in the city of Belgrade (Serbia, Europe) on the willingness of participants to use this mode of transport for commuting and other travel purposes depending on the price of renting an e-scooter. The results showed that price plays an important role in the willingness of participants to use an e-scooter. The paper presents mathematical models, which include the cost of renting an e-scooter and the percentage of participants who would accept this type of transport. These mathematical models can help a decision maker to determine the pricing policy in order to maximize the profit from renting an e-scooter, as well as to influence modal shift in order to reduce car-dependent trips.

Willingness of women at increased genetic and non-genetic risk of breast cancer to participate in intervention trials to prevent cancer.

e24190 Background: The factors that influence willingness to participate (WTP) in breast cancer (BC) prevention trials are not well understood. WTP in BC prevention trials was examined in patients at increased risk of BC considering intervention and participant characteristics. Methods: Women self-identifying as being at increased risk for BC were recruited to a cross-sectional study of WTP in BC prevention trials. 78% (87 of 112) of participants completed ≥50% of a 29 item Likert Scale questionnaire about WTP in BC prevention trials that varied in intervention type and intensity, duration, time commitment, study procedures, and side effects of medications. Responses were dichotomized into “more willing” (“a lot” and “moderately”) versus “less willing” (“some,” “a little,” and “not at all”). A chi-square test was used to determine if responses differed between participants based on intervention and participant characteristics. Results: General WTP in BC ‘prevention’ studies was high at 79% “more willing”, including 67% and 72%, respectively, for unspecified physical activity and diet behavior change interventions. WTP differed significantly for diet-based behavior change interventions by type and duration; WTP was significantly lower for 12- versus 3-month interventions for both eliminating foods (28% versus 53% “more willing”, p = 0.0007) and for engaging in intermittent fasting (30% versus 45% “more willing”, p = 0.042). For physical activity, WTP decreased with duration of the intervention with 28% fewer WTP for one hour of low intensity exercise/day when compared to 30 minutes (p &lt; 0.0001). For medications, less than half of participants (46%) expressed being “more willing” to participate, and WTP decreased significantly when possible side effects were presented (81% “less willing”) with 95% “less willing” for medications with a rare risk of serious side effects. WTP was influenced by BC risk gene mutation status, with higher proportions among gene carriers compared to non-gene carriers (59% versus 21% “more willing,” p = 0.0013), including WTP in medication chemoprevention studies (38% versus 8% “more willing,” p = 0.002). Conclusions: WTP in BC prevention trials of behavior change is high among patients at elevated risk of BC but for all women was found to be significantly negatively influenced by greater time commitment and duration of intervention beyond a few months. WTP in studies of medication is lower compared to behavior change, and very low for medications with any side effects. Overall, WTP is greater in women with known genetic risk. This study suggests that WTP may be influenced by how patients perceive their level of risk. These results also suggest that despite interest in behavior change prevention, patients may not fully recognize the relationship between sustained behavior change and potential for prevention benefit.

THE MODEL OF PARLIAMENT IN WAR TIMES: THE FORMAT OF COLLABORATION

The article considers the possibility of transforming legislative structures into an interactive platform for joint actions with the participation of key stakeholders during martial law, using the example of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine 2022. The collaborative format is presented as an alternative approach to instrumental partnership, which allows the involvement of subjects from various levels and institutions. The author proposes the structure of the military parliament based on three indicators, namely: the general systemic context, the specifics of the management regime, and the dynamics of cooperation. The first indicator is based on the criteria for key participants, as well as the agreement on the rules of participation and accountability on the platform of joint actions. At the same time, the scope of collaborative subjects' powers may vary depending on the competencies of the involved stakeholders. The second indicator plays the role of procedural legitimacy marker, affecting the degree of policy coherence and decision-making, while the third factor means the willingness of participants to support joint political decisions regardless of the level of their agreement with the players' personal political preferences. In the text of the article, the researcher divides the general structure of integrated governance into separate management blocks, based on the peculiarities of the Ukrainian parliament and the functionality approved by the VRU Regulations. In parallel with some unit reduction, it is proposed to implement two additional units: rapid response and civil control as appropriate during martial law. In addition to the structure, the author prescribes some changes in parliamentary procedures and behavioral patterns among deputies. Despite the potential advantages, the researcher notes that the collaborative format of cooperation has several disadvantages, namely: the impact of joint results on the procedural legitimacy of decisions, as well as the principle of determining the personal contribution of each of the involved stakeholders, remains uncertain. It would be worthwhile to take into account the existing network connections between the political actors of the Ukrainian parliament to calculate the potential risks of the transition to an interactive space of action.

Robots in Tourism and Hospitality: The Perception of Future Professionals

This research is aimed at analyzing the perception of future tourism professionals about the presence of robots in the hospitality industry. It was based on data obtained from undergraduate and master students in tourism and hospitality, through a questionnaire that sought to assess their perceptions regarding hospitality, novelty, culture, robot performance management in the tourism industry, and their willingness to work in a partially robotized environment in the future. The analysis of the perceptions of future tourism and hospitality professionals was performed based on a structural equation model and revealed that perceptions of novelty and performance management have a significantly positive impact on the willingness of participants to work in a partially robot environment in the future. When the intention to use robots in the future is included in the model, this positive effect decreases. The current existing research on the application of artificial intelligence in hospitality and tourism has, mainly, focused on the customer or the hotelier, making it important to understand how generations of future employees in hospitality and tourism view the use of this type of technology, anticipating any future less favorable situations.

Habermasian Discourse Theory for Educational Policymaking: Attending to Perspective Taking and Communicative Agency

This paper identifies and considers issues of perspective taking and communicative agency in applying Jürgen Habermas’s discourse theory to policymaking in educational settings. The central question is whether Habermas provides an epistemic framework that supports reciprocal and sincere expressions of the views and interests of individuals in a heterogeneous society. Examining this question leads to a discussion of “practical discourse” in light of a willingness of participants to reach mutual understanding and agreement, and the centrality of perspective taking and communicative agency in such discourses. Also examined is a conceptualization of “application discourses,” the implications of such discourses for perspective taking and communicative agency, and the role these discourses might play in further assuring the overall inclusivity and context sensitivity of applying education policies in specific circumstances. The paper then gives a brief re-analysis of an empirical study that used Habermas’s concept of the “ideal speech situation” as a normative framework for interpreting data. The re-analysis means to illustrate the practical value of practical discourse for guiding and assessing educational policymaking. The paper ends with a short justification of the necessity of attending to perspective taking and communicative agency when viewing education as a basic human right.

Pelatihan Aplikasi Canva untuk Membantu Kinerja Pegawai di Kecamatan Galesong Utara Kabupaten Takalar

Training in the use of Canva application to assist employee performance is a program aimed at enhancing employees' graphic design skills using Canva. This training provides benefits for beginners who want to learn graphic design with user-friendly features and ready-to-use templates. Research also indicates that Canva application training has a positive impact on employee performance. Therefore, a socialization of Canva application training is conducted at the Office of North Galesong District, Takalar Regency to assist employees in improving their graphic design competence and performance. The implementation method of this activity involves collaboration with relevant parties, field surveys, training material preparation, socialization, workshops, evaluation, and visits to participants. The results and discussion of this activity encompass preparation, administration, counseling, and delivery of materials. Supporting factors in this activity include participants' interest and willingness, as well as interactions with the resource persons. However, there are inhibiting factors such as participants' initial lack of understanding of the Canva application, which can be overcome by providing detailed explanations. From this activity, it can be concluded that the socialization of Canva application usage is essential for enhancing employee performance in graphic design. Participants are expected to apply the training materials, leading to an improvement in knowledge, graphic design performance, and the dissemination of engaging information for the community in North Galesong District.

Beyond Covid-19: The Future of Festivals in Calabarzon, Philippines

Purpose: This study aims to determine or forecast the willingness of regular participants of festivals to attend or join events festivals in the post-COVID-19 scenario. Specifically, it aimed to 1.) identify the perceived future of festivals in the post-pandemic scenario and if people are still willing to participate in or join in any of the festival's events, and 2.) discuss the role of festivals in the post-pandemic scenario. Theoretical framework: The researchers employed the stakeholder theory technique to predict the future of the festival's events. A stakeholder is "any group or person who may impact or is affected by the attainment of the institution's objective," Freeman (1984). Freeman contends that a person or group is a stakeholder if it has a sincere interest in a particular component of the institution's operations and, as a result, either can influence the company's performance or has a stake in that performance. Particularly, in this study, the stakeholders are the participants, the businessmen, and the organizers of the festivals. Ultimately, the perception of the stakeholders may be used by festival organizers as a basis for holding festivals in the post-pandemic scenario. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a qualitative design using phenomenological approach based on the lived experiences of the participants with the festivals they have attended. Snowball sampling was used to choose 32 participants, commencing with the tourist local government official that had control over the festival events. The researchers utilized key informant interviews and focus group discussions on obtaining data, guided by a semi-structured questionnaire to allow the researchers to adjust questions according to the participant's willingness and manner of answering. For data clustering and theme identification, the researchers utilized a qualitative research tool (NVIVO) with license key: (N-L-Z-7-7) and used the analytical framework by Moustakas (1994), as covered by Creswell (2007). The researchers began by outlining the subject's or participant’s encounters concerning the festivals being examined. Next, they created collection of noteworthy remarks and organized these into more substantial units of information (i.e., units or themes). Findings: As a result, every participant is eager to engage, be present, or take part in their respective festivals again, once the COVID-19 restrictions are removed, but some have a few reservations. Implications for research, everyday life, and society: In the Philippines, the COVID-19 restrictions were lifted in 2023. This is also a time for the local economy to recover. The series of lockdowns heavily hampered the local economy due to the pandemic. The local governments may use festivals to help small, medium, and microenterprises recover from the losses they took during the pandemic, and festivals. can kick start the local economy. Festival organizers may utilize the findings of this research as a foundation. Originality/value: All the data gathered in this research was at the peak of lockdowns and cases of COVID-19 in the Philippines. This made it very difficult for the researchers to collect data, thus resulting in an integration of in-person interactions, key informant interviews and online focus group discussions. It was a time when mass gatherings were hard to imagine, let alone the celebration of festivals uncertain. Nevertheless, the result was surprising since all the participants were still willing to join or attend festivals.

Team Recruitment of Collaborative Crowdsensing under Joint Constraints of Willingness and Trust

Collaborative crowdsensing (CCS) requires the recruited team to collaborate closely to complete sensing tasks with high quality of service (QoS). The team recruitment of CCS is mainly influenced by the subjective willingness of participants and the objective trust evaluation of the sensing platform; that is, the higher the subjective mutual willingness to work together and the objective mutual trust among participants, the more efficiency with which the CCS tasks will be achieved. However, the existing research lacks comprehensive consideration of mutual willingness and mutual trust among recruited participants. This results in poor QoS. To address this problem, we propose a novel team recruitment method for CCS that jointly considers the willingness and trust to recruit optimal teams. First, we build a graph convolutional network-based willingness-trust network (GCN-WTN) model for CCS to obtain mutual willingness and trust among participants more accurately. Second, we propose a willingness and trust-based team recruitment (WT-TR) method to recruit the optimal teams for CCS. This method introduces the consensus and similarity constraints into the willingness and trust networks to better meet the collaboration needs of CCS. Finally, we implement a recruitment simulation platform for CCS to simulate the team recruitment process and validate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The experimental results show that the teams recruited by the proposed method can significantly improve QoS for CCS.

Analyzing group communication dynamics and content in a common-pool resource experiment.

We study costly communication in a common-pool resource (CPR) experiment as a proxy for two different forms of participatory processes: as a public good and as a club good. A public communication meeting, representing centralized participatory processes, occurs when all group members' monetary contributions reach a specified threshold. Club communication meetings, representing networked participatory processes, follow only among those members of the group who pay a communication fee. We test whether the way costly communication is provided affects the willingness of participants to contribute to communication, as well as the dynamics of such payments, and the content of communication. This is done by analyzing contributions to communication and communication content of 100 real-life resource users participating in a lab-in-field experiment. We find that contributions towards communication are higher when communication is public, and that club communication features more frequent but less inclusive communication meetings. Also, communication content is more oriented towards addressing the collective action problem associated with the management of the resource when communication groups are attended by all participants. The identified differences between the two ways to provide for communication can inform policies and the design of participatory processes in natural resource governance.

Can Experience Determine the Adoption of Industrial Revolution 4.0 Skills in 21st Century Mathematics Education?

Teachers in secondary schools were studied to determine their readiness to adopt fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies to enhance their teaching practices and student learning. Through Industry 4.0, technologies are also becoming available as products for education, transforming the rules and norms of education. Secondary school mathematics teachers in Nigeria must prepare themselves to embrace digital skills so that they will be ready for new teaching and learning processes that are being introduced by these new digital tools. In this study, a cross-sectional quantitative approach was used. The data were collected using a self-developed instrument with a content validity index of 0.96 and a MacDonald Omega reliability index of 0.84. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 211 mathematics teachers in three Lagos State education districts. Analyses of the obtained data were performed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at a significance level of 0.05. Results indicate that mathematics teachers are ready to integrate 4IR skills and emerging technologies into their classrooms. In addition, the willingness of participants to adopt relevant 4IR skills across their years of experience was statistically significant. A new path is charted for school administrators, mathematics teachers, and stakeholders in the education sector to assist in policy design toward 4IR, thereby contributing to the existing literature on adopting emerging technologies to teach mathematics education in sub-Saharan Africa.

Anti-TNF (adalimumab) injection for the treatment of adults with frozen shoulder during the pain predominant stage protocol for a multi-centre, randomised, double blind, parallel group, feasibility trial.

The Anti-Freaze-F trial will assess the feasibility of conducting a large randomised controlled trial to assess whether intra-articular injection of anti-TNF (adalimumab) can reduce pain and improve function in people with pain predominant early stage frozen shoulder. We are conducting a multi-centre, randomised feasibility study, with an embedded qualitative sub-study. We will recruit adults ≥18 years with a new episode of shoulder pain attributable to early stage frozen shoulder, recruited from at least five UK NHS musculoskeletal and related physiotherapy services. Participants (n=84) will be randomised (centralised computer generated 1:1 allocation) to receive either: 1) intra-articular injection of anti-TNF (adalimumab 160mg) or 2) placebo injection (saline [0.9% sodium chloride]), both under ultrasound guidance. A second injection of the allocated treatment (adalimumab 80mg) or equivalent volume of placebo will be administered 2-3 weeks later. All participants will receive a physiotherapy advice leaflet providing education and advice about frozen shoulder and pain management. The primary feasibility objectives are: 1) the ability to screen and identify potential participants with pain predominant early stage frozen shoulder; 2) willingness of eligible participants to consent and be randomised to intervention; 3) practicalities of delivering the intervention, including time to first injection and number of participants receiving second injection; 4) standard deviation of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) score and attrition rate at 3 months (i.e. 12 weeks) post-randomisation in order to estimate the sample size for a definitive trial. We will also assess follow up rates and viability of patient-reported outcome measures and range of shoulder motion for a definitive trial. Research Ethics Committee approval (REC 21/NE/0214). ISRCTN 27075727; EudraCT number: 2021-003509-23; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05299242.

Framing Effects on Willingness to Participate in Geolocation-Based Research

The Internet’s widespread adoption and recent technological developments have provided researchers with the opportunity to capture new data types (e.g., images, passively collected data), which offer several advantages over conventional survey data. Nevertheless, the limited participation rate in projects requiring to share such data may limit their benefits, and even their feasibility. To estimate the willingness to participate in such projects in advance, researchers frequently rely on surveys. However, the way researchers describe what data should be shared and how, and the phrasing of questions asked to participants to obtain their agreement may result in different estimates. This study presents the results of a conjoint experiment that estimates the hypothetical willingness of participants to engage in two research activities that require sharing geolocation data. Three different descriptions of the activities were presented to participants: a neutral one, one emphasizing the necessity to commit to participate, and one emphasizing safe handling of shared data. The three descriptions elicited different levels of willingness, with a maximum effect of 7.0 percentage points (statistically significant). Additionally, the importance given by participants to the attributes of the activities (e.g., project duration or incentives) differed depending on the description. Notably, the description that emphasized data safety produced lower levels of willingness compared to the neutral one. This suggests that researchers should avoid overly emphasizing safety assurances when requesting the sharing of sensitive data, beyond the necessary information required for obtaining informed consent from participants.

Stuttering’s Effect on Job Efficacy in Five Participants

Stuttering also known as stammering is a speech disorder, in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations. Adults who stutter suffers with many problems at workplace due to speech disfluencies. To evaluate the effect of stuttering on job efficacy. A population both male and female between the age of 30 to 40 years were selected. Data for the stuttering patients were collected from different job places of Lahore. All these stutters were given the consent form. It confirmed their willingness to participate in interview. Interview guide was designed as per the criteria of research questions. Interview guide was evaluated and reviewed by two external members. Interviews were conducted on WhatsApp audio or video call, zoom meetings and face to face, according to the availability and willingness of participants. Interviews were recorded for further analysis. Recorded interviews were transcribed which were further coded, and subthemes were extracted. On the basis of subthemes, themes of the research were decided. Results shows that only those individuals who stutter doing their own business or running their own NGO’s (Non-Governmental organizations) are satisfied with their jobs/works. Individuals doing any kind of job in a private company are not satisfied with their jobs because of stuttering. Case Summary: Stuttering has a negative impact on their job performance and employment. Stuttering made them lose their confidence in front of any stranger, senior or boss. People usually mock them because of stuttering. These issues lead them towards anxiety, complexity and frustration.

Monday-Enhanced CEASE Program for Underserved Ethnic Minorities: a Mixed-Methods Study.

Due to the persistence of tobacco-related health disparities in the U.S., there is a need for innovative strategies to reach the underserved ethnic minority populations who are most at risk. As contemplations for health behavior modification tend to surge on Mondays, we explored the feasibility and effect of a Monday-enhanced smoking cessation program on quitting outcomes in a low-income ethnic minority community. To compare a Monday-enhanced with a standard Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-free Environment (CEASE) program and understand the overall experiences of participants in the program. In this mixed-methods study, affordable housing complexes (n = 4) and a church were randomly assigned either a Monday-enhanced (n = 3) or standard (n = 2) CEASE smoking cessation program. CEASE comprised twelve weekly group counseling sessions facilitated by trained peer motivators plus nicotine replacement products. Participants in the Monday-enhanced arm were encouraged to pick Mondays as a quitting day. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected during the program and at 3-month post-graduation. Seventy-seven participants were enrolled in the study arms. In both groups combined, tobacco consumption reduced from 7.7 to 5.6 cig/day (mean reduction, 2.1; 95% CI: 0.9 to 5.1, p = 0.08). Although no significant difference in quit rate was observed between the two arms, more participants completed the follow-up survey in the Monday-enhanced than standard CEASE program [82.4% vs. 36.0%, p < 0.05]. While qualitative data suggested an overall satisfaction of participants with the program, motivation for quitting was higher in the Monday-enhanced CEASE program compared to the standard CEASE program. The Monday-enhanced program is promising and may enhance participants' engagement and willingness to quit smoking, particularly in low-income ethnic minority communities. Further research should include larger sample sizes to better assess the efficacy of a Monday-enhanced program across diverse populations.

CONDUCTING CROSS-CULTURAL ONLINE AUDIENCE RESEARCH WITH TWO GENERATIONS: METHODOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES AND REFLECTIONS FROM THE PANDEMIC CONTEXT

This paper discusses methodological, ethical, and empirical problematics related to forced changes in the research design of a comparative project during the Covid-19 pandemic, and its wider implications for future online audience research. The larger project aims to understand media users’ attitudes towards corporate and state surveillance in countries with different historical surveillance regimes: Estonia, Portugal, and Sweden. In a mixed-methods design, comprising an online survey and focus groups (FGs), we sampled participants from two generational cohorts: born in 1946-1953 and in 1988-1995. In each country, we planned six face-to-face FGs with people from these generational cohorts, divided into three gender-balanced groups with different profiles: higher education; mixed education, living in small cities/countryside; secondary education. The paper discusses the challenges of conducing FGs online, namely the effects of the technological interface on the group size and interaction, the importance of digital skills, and ethics-related considerations. Although we encountered cultural differences between the three countries, our main methodological lessons and suggestions for further audience studies center on the need to consider the subtle facets of inter-generational differences when planning online research. As we witnessed, not all barriers were rooted in access to technology and connectivity. The level of digital skills and self-confidence in use also played a role in participants' possibilities and willingness for taking part in online research. Further research is needed to explore how age and online methods intersect, and the role online settings play, in the experience of focus group and interview participants with various social backgrounds.

Willingness to pay for social health insurance in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Ethiopia plans to introduce social health insurance with the aim of giving recipients high-quality, long-term universal health care. It was anticipated to be fully operational in 2014. However, due to strong opposition from public employees, the implementation has been delayed multiple times. As a result, more and more studies have been conducted to collect evidence about the issue. However, there is no national pooled evidence regarding the willingness to pay for the scheme. Thus, this review aimed to evaluate the willingness to pay for social health insurance and associated factors in Ethiopia. On September 1, 2022, database searches were conducted on Scopus, Hinari, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Based on this search, 19 studies were included in the review. The risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using Joana Briggs Institute checklists. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel. RevMan-5 was used to conduct the meta-analysis. The effect estimates assessed were the odds ratios at a p-value <0.05 with a 95% CI using the random effect model. The pooled willingness to pay for social health insurance was 42.25% and was found to be affected by sociodemographic, health and illness status, health service related factors, awareness or knowledge level, perception or attitude toward the scheme, and factors related to the scheme. The pooled result showed that the willingness of participants to pay for the scheme was 16% less likely (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.52-1.36). When the outlier was unchecked, the willingness to pay became 42% less likely (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.37-0.91). The lowest willingness to pay for the scheme was in the Oromia region, while the highest was in Harar. Professionally, teachers were 3.22 times more likely to pay for the scheme (OR = 3.22; 95% CI: 1.80-5.76) than health professionals. The willingness to pay for social health insurance was low, <50%, particularly among health professionals, which urges the Ethiopian health insurance service to deeply look into the issue.

Blocked or Unlocked: Recognizing the Benefits and Challenges of Digital Literacy Storytelling Projects

Increasingly, national standards require K-12 students to develop digital literacy practices. In literacy, teachers’ use of digital media platforms has unrecognized potential to impact students’ literacy engagement. Moreover, students gain English Language Arts skills and knowledge of the writing process when completing digital literacy storytelling projects. This study records the preparedness and willingness of participants in a graduate-level teaching English Language Arts to implement digital literacy storytelling projects in K-12 settings. Results indicate that some participants unlocked the possibilities of using the Digital Literacy. Storytelling Project as a learning tool for English Language Arts, while others remained blocked to the potential for the Digital Literacy Storytelling Project due to their challenges with technology. The study highlights the implications of supporting the digital development of K-12 teachers.