Wild Passion Fruit Research Articles

Ecogeographical Characterization of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. and Passiflora setacea DC. Native to the Central-Southern Mesoregion of Bahia

Passiflora cincinnata and Passiflora setacea are two native species from the northeastern semiarid region, with wide distribution in the central-southern mesoregion of the Bahia state. These species are recognized for the production of bioflavonoids. However, although they have economic relevance, little is known about ecogeographic, morphological and ecophysiological aspects. Therefore, the goal was to characterize the physiochemical and granulometric attributes of the soil as well as the edaphoclimatic conditions in 12 locations of naturally occurring Passiflora cincinnata and Passiflora setacea in the central-southern mesoregion of Bahia. The results showed environments belonging to the ecotones of the Cerrado, Caatinga and Mata Atlântica biomes. In these phytophysiognomies, the soils varied between cambisol, oxisol and planosol and presented a sandy texture and acidic pH. They also have varied ecogeographic characteristics with altitudes between 481 and 929 meters, precipitation between 478 and 1.644 millimeters and average temperature ranging between 15 and 31 degrees. Sites with average temperatures of up to 28 degrees, altitude between 670 and 860 meters, pH between 4.3 and 5.11, base saturation smaller than 50 and H+Al between 2-5 favor both species. Temperatures up to 31 degrees, pH between 5 and 6, base saturation bigger than 50 and H+Al smaller equal 1.5 favor P. cincinnata. Environments with temperatures of up to 27 degrees, altitudes above 900 meters, average pH of 4.5, average base saturation of 30 and average H+Al of 3, favors P. setacea. Keywords: environmental adaptation; ecogeography; genetic resources; wild passion fruit; sleep passion fruit.

Comparative analysis of colchicine and bio-catharanthine as mutagenic agents for polyploid generation in wild passion fruit (Passiflora foetida)

Wild type Passiflora foetida or a bush passion fruit is unappealing plant with small fruit size (2-3 cm) to be cultivated as a fruit crop. Plant breeding by polyploidization may improve plant production including increase the fruit size. Many researchers have used colchicine as plant chromosome-modifying agent for polyploidization. However, this potent mutagen is very expensive in developing countries and toxic. Hence, an alternative mutagen needs to be considered, such as the natural bio-catharanthine. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of colchicine and bio-catharanthine mutagens in polyploidization of P. foetida plants. Experiment was arranged in split-plot design with three replications. Main plot was combination of the mutagens and concentrations, the subplot was soaking durations. Twenty-five seeds each were soaked for 1-, 2- and 3-days in distilled water as control, colchicine (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%) and bio-catharanthine (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) solutions. Result showed, bio-catharanthine concentration of 1% at immersion durations of 3-days and 1.5% at 1-, 2- and 3-days could only produce 89, 56, 74, and 71% grade 1 mixoploid plants accordingly. On the other hand, colchicine succeeded in obtaining tetraploid plants at concentration of 0.15% with 3-days soaking time even though at lower result (5%). Lower colchicine concentrations with shorter or the same soaking period could only produce 5% grade 2 mixoploid plants. Colchicine with one-tenth lower concentration than bio-catharanthine concentration is still more efficient in inducing polyploidy. Further research by involving bio-catharanthine concentration and varying the soaking time must be pursued to obtain higher-level ploidy.

Passiflora nitida Kunth fruit: Chemical analysis, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxicity

Passiflora nitida is a fruit-bearing species native to the Amazon region, considered an unconventional food plant, with its fruit commonly known as wild passion fruit. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant properties, chemical profile, phenolic composition, and cytotoxicity of pulps and teas based on the pulp of P. nitida, contributing to the exploration of this species. This study provides important information about the chemical composition, which will contribute to the development of products based on wild passion fruit. The production of nonalcoholic beverages from the pulp with seeds is a viable alternative for utilizing the fruits with greater results, potentially offering a product with higher bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity compared to seedless pulp. Moreover, P. nitida seed tea may constitute a significant source of nutrients for human consumption.

Utilization of passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) peel flour in sweet preparation

Utilization of passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) peel flour in sweet preparation

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrozincite Nanoparticles from Wild Passion Fruit

Abstract: Green synthesis of nano particles involves the use of whole plant or parts of plant for the bioreduction of metal ions into their elemental form. Hydrozincite nano particles were synthesized using the wild passion fruit. The fruit has got so many health benefits. The synthesized nano particles were characterized by X-Ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy(FT-IR), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy(UV), Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction(EDX). Using XRD the average particle size was found to be 14.032nm. The functional groups of the prepared sample were identified using FT-IR analysis. From UV the absorption peak was noticed at 302.199 nm which confirms the particle was in nano range. The surface morphology of the synthesized particles was noticied as bread spongy from the SEM analysis. The chemical compounds in the nano particles were identified using EDX analysis. Anti-microbial resistance is one of the greatest challenges to global health. The prepared nano particle shows a good effect for both gram-positive and gramnegative anti-bacterial activity.

Crescimento de porta-enxerto de maracujazeiro silvestre (Passiflora foetida L.) sob salinidades da água de irrigação

ABSTRACT Wild passion fruit species, due to the greater tolerance to environmental stresses, reveal potential as interspecific rootstocks. Passiflora foetida is a wild species potentially tolerant to salinity. Therefore, the objective with the study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on the growth of wild passion fruit (P. foetida L.) rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment. The treatments consisted of the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1), distributed in randomized blocks. The assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after transplanting and consisted of: stem height and diameter, number of leaves, average leaf size, leaf area, and dry matter of shoots, roots and total. In younger rootstocks, the deleterious effects of salinity on height growth and leaf components were observed under lower electrical conductivities, with tolerance increasing with age. However, dry biomass accumulation was more severely restricted by salinity with increasing rootstock age. P. foetida rootstocks are salinity tolerant and can be irrigated with water of up to 4.0 dS m-1.

Controlled Pollination to Assess Intraspecific Compatibility Among Passiflora incarnata Genotypes from Different Provenances

Passiflora incarnata L., commonly known as maypop, is a wild passion fruit native to many areas of the eastern and southern United States where the climate ranges from subtropical to temperate. Although P. incarnata has had little attention paid to it for breeding purposes, it could be used in breeding for fruit production and possibly contribute cold hardiness genes in combination with other Passiflora species. The study was performed in 2018, 2019, and 2021 at the Mississippi State University South Mississippi Branch Experiment Station in Poplarville, MS, United States. Passiflora propagules were collected from various locations: Florida (FL), Illinois (IL), Mississippi (MS), Missouri (MO), and Oklahoma (OK). Of the 122 flowers across the five P. incarnata genotypes from differing locations, none of them produced a fruit or had any indication of successful or partially successful fertilization when selfed, indicating strong self- incompatibility. If self-compatibility does exist in nature, it is likely to be rare. However, certain combinations of P. incarnata from different locations produced successful fruiting, including IL × MO (52% success), FL × MO (85%), FL × OK (80%), MS × OK (40%), MO × IL (50%), MO × OK (40%), and OK × MO (80%). The differences across provenances show that incompatibility exists within P. incarnata but can depend on location. Overall, fruit weight, fruit size, and soluble solids content measured in this study were similar to and, in some cases, greater than those previously reported. These differences help to illustrate the diversity within P. incarnata and the still-untapped potential for breeding improvements. The problem of self-incompatibility is complex and there is much to learn about how Passiflora species, especially P. incarnata, function. Much of the U.S. domestic market is not familiar with passion fruit, especially as a table fresh product. This could be a barrier to adoption, but it could also prove to be an opportunity to create a niche within the present market and expand it. Although maypop fruit quality is not equal to that of Passiflora edulis Sims, selecting superior wild genotypes with desirable attributes to be used in future intra- and interspecific breeding is possible based on the results of this study.

Passiflora guayaquilensis (Passifloraceae): a new species of wild passion fruit from coastal Ecuador

Passiflora guayaquilensis (Passifloraceae), a new species of wild passion fruit in subg. Decaloba from the seasonally deciduous dry forests of coastal Ecuador is here formally described and illustrated. The new species is similar to Passiflora morifolia, but differs notably in the morphology of the flower and fruit. The conservation status of P. guayaquilensis is assigned here as Vulnerable.

Resistance to diseases of sour, sweet and wild passion fruit genotypes

The cultivation of passion fruit is important for Brazil, since the country is currently the largest producer and consumer of fruit in the world. However, the fields of passion fruit still face important problems due to the incidence and severity of diseases in the field. Thus, the present study aimed to assess resistance to bacterial and fungal diseases in 13 genotypes of sour, sweet and wild passion fruit, in field conditions in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. For this, a field experiment was installed in a randomized block design, with four replications and 13 treatments (genotypes). The characteristics of incidence, severity and degree of resistance for bacteriosis, septoriosis, scab and anthracnose diseases were evaluated in 5 fruits per plot of each genotype. Genetic parameters of the evaluated traits were also estimated. High heritability values and CVg/Cve ratio were observed for most of the evaluated characteristics. The genotypes presented mean values of incidence and severity of bacteriosis, septoriosis, scab and anthracnose different among them, and the one that presented the best results in the degree of resistance for all diseases was F1 (MAR20 # 24 x ECL7 P1 R4).

Elaboration of wild passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) liqueur: a sensory and physicochemical study.

Liqueur is an alcoholic beverage composed of a mixture of water, alcohol, sugar and substances that add flavour and aroma. Wild passion fruit is a product with good agricultural and nutritional characteristics, and is a low-cost, regional fruit that could be used to elaborate new products. The goal of this study was to develop passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) liqueurs and evaluate their chemical, physical and sensory characteristics. 5 formulations were prepared with defined pulp and syrup concentrations (F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5). The following physicochemical parameters were evaluated: alcohol degree (ºGL), density, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), reducing and non-reducing sugars and colour parameters. A sensory acceptance test was applied. The formulations F4 and F5, produced with 640g pulp/70ºBrix syrup and 500g pulp/55ºBrix syrup, respectively, showed the highest acceptance scores, probably due to their acid pH, high acidity and soluble solids values. In general, the beverages developed were considered feasible, aimed at aggregating value to a regional fruit and increasing family incomes. The high sensory acceptance indicated market potential for this aggregated value product.

Physicochemical and sensory analyses of sequilhos produced with non-conventional food plants: arrowroot, licuri and wild passion fruit shell

The presented study aimed to produce sequilhos with Non-Conventional Food Plants (arrowroot and licuri), using different proportions of wild passion fruit shell powder (PFP). These products were analyzed with regards to the proximal composition (ash, moisture, proteins, lipids and dietary fiber) and water activity. The sensory aspects were evaluated by acceptability and purchase intention tests, in which 118 non-trained adult panelists participated of the study. All formulations produced in this study (containing 5, 10 and 15% of PFP) presented higher values for ash and dietary fiber, when compared with the control formulation (without PFP). However, all formulations presented a lower but acceptable performance in sensory analyses when compared with the control formulation, probably due to the flavor and aroma of wild passion fruit shell. Despite of that, the addition of 5 and 10% PFP is still encourage due to the increase of nutrients in the product, and as an strategy to expand and disseminate the knowledge on NCFP.

Anatomical characterization of Passiflora cincinnata Mast. fruit subjected to refrigeration

Abstract Passiflora cincinnata is a species of wild passion fruit whose fruit has potential for use by the food industry. In this context, an anatomical study of the pericarp may help in understanding the changes which occur during the postharvest period. The objective of this work was to anatomically characterize the P. cincinnata pericarp, focusing on the structural changes which occur during refrigerated storage. The selected fruits were kept in net-like packaging at 5°C and evaluated every 15 days for a period of 90 days. Pericarp samples were hand cut on these dates for structural description and to detect starch, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, polysaccharides, proteins, lipids and lignin through histochemical tests. Other samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The fruit is composed of three anatomically distinct regions: exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp. The mesocarp stands out for the presence of sclerified cells and the lax parenchyma, which increased its number of layers during the evaluated period. Idioblasts with prismatic crystals, drusen, silica crystals and raphides were identified, but the amounts reduced over time. This reduction and enlargement of the lax parenchyma were the main changes observed in the postharvest period of P. cincinnata pericarps.

Production of lipids and natural antioxidants from passion fruit seeds

The wild passion fruit species Passiflora setacea, Passiflora alata, and Passiflora tenuifila are native to the Brazilian biomass. The seed waste generated from the extraction of passion fruit juice contains functional polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolic compounds. The aims of this study were to obtain lipids and natural antioxidants from passion fruit seeds. Passion seed oils were extracted using a lab-scale continuous press and their oxidative stability was evaluated using the Rancimat® method. Higher antioxidant extract capacity was observed when using an ethanol-water solution (70:30) at 45 ºC. In these cases, the total phenolic contents expressed as gallic acid equivalents from P. setacea, P. alata, and P. tenuifila cakes were approximately 1800, 600 and 900 mg·100g−1 of extract. Induction periods increased up to two-fold when adding these extracts to their respective seed oil. Therefore, passion fruit seed extract can contribute to increasing the oxidative stability of polyunsaturated oils.

Novel and efficient transformation of wild passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) using sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

Passiflora cincinnata stands out among Passifloraceae because of its medicinal properties and its resistance to pathogens, which promotes its use as a rootstock for other Passiflora species. A valuable strategy for obtaining disease-resistant passion fruit plants is represented by genetic transformation; however, this requires efficient regeneration. Here, we aimed to establish an efficient protocol for generating transgenic passion fruit plants using sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of somatic embryos. The latter were obtained from anthers, sonicated, and exposed to an Agrobacterium suspension for 15 or 30 s. As a comparison, non-sonicated embryos were also exposed to the same bacterial treatment, whereas non-infected embryos were used as controls. Plant identity was confirmed by PCR, qPCR, and histochemical assay. Transgenic plants were obtained at higher rates in the treatments applying sonication. Overall, 171 plantlets were regenerated, 38 of which showed stable uidA reporter gene expression. Of these 38 transgenic plants, 22 (57.89%) and 13 (34.21%) were obtained by sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for 30 s and 15 s, respectively, whereas the remaining 3 (7.89%) were exposed for 30 s but without prior sonication. Our results indicate that sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for 30 s enhanced transformation efficiency in P. cincinnata. We believe that this system will allow for more efficient production of transgenic passion fruit plants.

Definição do protocolo e técnicas estatísticas para otimizar o estabelecimento in vitro de Passiflora foetida

Passiflora foetida, uma espécie de maracujá silvestre, tem sido pesquisado devido ao seu potencial farmacêutico e sua característica agronômica de resistência ao Fusarium spp., possibilitando a sua utilização como porta-enxerto para espécies de maracujá suscetíveis a morte prematura. Assim, visando a propagação dessa espécie, a micropropagação é uma das formas mais utilizadas, sendo necessário a utilização de acessos de uma planta matriz para, por organogênese, gerar novas plântulas com o mesmo genótipo. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estabelecer protocolo para a propagação in vitro de P. foetida pela indução de gemas por organogênese, testando-se duas concentrações de sais minerais do meio MS, sem adição de fitormônios. Para o estabelecimento in vitro foram utilizados gemas apicais e laterais obtidas a partir de plantas matrizes de P. foetida, cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Aos 60 dias após a inoculação dos explantes foram avaliados: número de gemas, comprimento da brotação, número de folhas, escore de coloração, escore de desenvolvimento e número de raiz. Para garantir a precisão dos resultados foram realizadas técnicas estatísticas aplicadas à análise de dados e otimização dos resultados. O desenvolvimento das plantas por organogênese apresentou valores estatisticamente similares em ambas as concentrações, podendo concluir que o meio MS com metade das concentrações de nutrientes foi o mais viável para o estabelecimento in vitro dessa espécie.

Bilayer goat’s milk yogurt with tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) and wild passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast) jam: Characterization and acceptability

The aim of this study was to develop a goat's milk-based yogurt with a layer of tamarind and passion fruit jelly on the bottom of the package (bilayer yogurt) as well as to carry out the physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory characterization. of product. For comparison purposes, goat's milk products were compared with the same cow's milk product. The physicochemical analyzes showed that the samples are within the standards of the legislation, both for yogurts and jams. Regarding microbiological analyzes, there was no microbial growth in any of the samples evaluated. Sensory tests were carried out with 60 tasters that were aged between 14 and 32 years. Sensory attributes related to “appearance”, “color”, “aroma”, “consistency” and “flavor” were evaluated, among them only consistency showed a significant difference due to the chemical characteristics of goat's milk, however, in percentage values goat's milk yogurt was rated with the highest grades. In the global impression and purchase intention, the analysis of the data obtained showed that the values attributed by the tasters are located in the highest scores of the hedonic scale. Thus, for bilayer goat's milk yogurts with tamarind or wild passion fruit jams, the results are favorable and highly acceptable. These results denote the possibility of insertion of these new products in the regional market in view of the acceptance of the product by the tasters as well as the intention to purchase, in addition to the appreciation of the regional fruits present in the jams elaborated.

Effects of coinfection with East Asian Passiflora virus and East Asian Passiflora distortion virus on Passiflora foetida

East Asian Passiflora virus (EAPV) and East Asian Passiflora distortion virus (EAPDV), members of the potyvirus genus, infect passionfruit (Passiflora edulis × P. edulis f. flavicarpa). We found EAPV and EAPDV coinfecting passionfruit in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan and here investigated the effects of coinfection with those viruses on P. foetida, a wild passionfruit. Coinfection with EAPV and EAPDV resulted in different symptoms and viral titers in P. foetida. Mixed inoculation (EAPV + EAPDV) and inoculation with EAPV and 6 days later with EAPDV (EAPV → EAPDV) caused the most severe leaf symptoms at 28 dpi, whereas inoculation with EAPDV then EAPV (EAPDV → EAPV) induced milder symptoms. Single infection with EAPDV caused the mildest symptoms. Quantitative analysis revealed that the log10 of EAPDV titer in EAPDV → EAPV, EAPV → EAPDV, and D + A, was 1.85-, 1.52-, and 1.56-fold higher, respectively, than after a single infection with EAPDV. EAPV titer was always lower than the EAPDV titer. In short, EAPV induced EAPDV propagation, and P. foetida is a potential reservoir for EAPV and EAPDV.

Transferibilidade de marcadores microssatélites para espécies silvestres de maracujazeiro

Molecular markers are tools that allow the monitoring of a breeding program progress. SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers are applied for genetic mapping studies, variability, assisted selection, crossing and backcrossing, because they are codominant, multiallelic and high polymorphic. However, the use of this type of molecular marker is limited, since primers are only available for commercially expressed species. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the transferability designed primers of Passiflora alata e Passiflora edulis to four wild species of Passiflora. The species used were: P. cincinnata, P. quadrangularis, P. mucronata and P. nitida. DNA extraction was done through the Promega Wizard® Kit. The amplification protocol used was the one proposed for P. alata and P. edulis with adaptations. Nineteen microsatellites designed for P. edulis and two designed for a genus P. alata were used. The amplicons were taken to horizontal electrophoresis in a 3% agarose gel, followed by staining with Nancy 520 buffer and the revelation was developed in a digital photodocumentator with UV light. The transferability was verified through the evaluation of band presence or absence. The microsatellites loci designed for P. edulis and P. alata were transferable for the examination of at least one species with high variable rate: P. quadrangularis (23.81%), P. cincinnata (33.33%), P. quadrangularis (23.81%), P. mucronata (19.05%) and P. nitida (14.28%). Markers PE13 and PE54 can be selected for molecular characterization studies because they are the only ones able to amplify all the wild passion fruit species tested.

Pre-harvest factors related to sensory profile of Passiflora setacea nectars, a wild passion fruit from Brazilian savannah.

Passiflora setacea DC. is a passion fruit species native from Brazilian savannah characterized by naturally sweet sensory characteristics. The sensory quality of the pulp can be affected by the growing environment. The effect of training systems (trellis or espalier), seasons (the weather conditions in periods of drought and rain) and addition of seeds to the juice (25%) were evaluated, with emphasis on the sensory quality of P. setacea nectars. Training systems of P. setacea plantation did not influence flavor or aroma of nectars. Season had an effect on texture attributes. Although training system and season had impact on pH, total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), polyphenolics and condensed tannins content, these environment factors had no influence on acceptance. Seeds addition had a negative effect on overall liking. Frequency of consumption of passion fruit and functional food did not influence nectar preference whereas being neophilic or having higher level of knowledge about functional foods favored greater acceptance of P. setacea nectars. Passiflora setacea nectar is a potential functional beverage, due its bioactive contents. Training system and season had no influence on acceptance as isolated factors. However, there was an interaction between these factors, which could be considered to market projection, as well as the addition of seeds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of aqueous leaf extract of Passiflora suberosa L.

Leaves of Passiflora suberosa L. (Family: Passifloraceae; common name: wild passion fruit, devil’s pumpkin) are used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for treating diabetes. The present study investigated the in vivo ability of P. suberosa leaves to manage blood sugar status and associated cholesterol levels. Mechanisms of action and toxicity were also determined. Phytochemical screening of aqueous extracts of P. suberosa leaves and carbohydrate content of the leaves were determined according to previously published methods. In two group of male mice (n = 9), effects on fasting and random blood glucose levels (BGLs) of different acute doses (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of the aqueous leaf extract (ALE) were evaluated at 1, 3, and 5 h post-treatment. In another set of mice, the fasting BGL was evaluated following treatment of 0 or 50 mg/kg ALE (dose prescribed in traditional medicine) for 30 consecutive days. The lipid profile, some mechanism of ALE action (diaphragm glucose uptake, glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles) and its toxicity (behavioural observation, food and water intake, hepatoxicity) were also assessed following 30-day treatment. However, sucrose and glucose tolerance tests and intestinal glucose uptake were conducted to determine portion of mechanisms of action following single dose of 50 mg/kg ALE. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and proanthocyanidins. Carbohydrate content of the leaves was 12.97%. The maximum hypoglycemic effect was observed after 4 h of 50 and 100 mg/kg ALE administration. The extract decreased fasting BGL (18%) following an oral sucrose challenge and inhibited (79%) glucose absorption from the intestine. Correspondingly, the levels of glycogen in the liver (61%) and in the skeletal muscles (57%) were found be higher than that of the control group. The levels of total cholesterol (17%) and tri-glyceraldehyde levels (12%) found to be reduced in treated groups. Furthermore, no significant toxic effects were observed in treated groups. The present results suggest that the leaves of P. suberosa can be used to manage blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Isolation of active compounds are recommended for further analysis.