Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Statistic Research Articles

Therapeutic Impact of Deep Balloon-assisted Small Bowel Enteroscopy on Red Blood Cell Transfusion

Abstract Objective Evaluate impact of balloon-assisted deep small bowel enteroscopy on red blood cell transfusion requirement in patients with obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Methods Retrospective study of patients, who underwent balloon-assisted deep enteroscopy with double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) at two tertiary care academic centers (University of Wisconsin and Aurora St. Luke’s Medical Center) over a 55-month consecutive period. Sixty-nine patients with reliable blood transfusion records were identified during this time period. DBE was preceded by small bowel capsule endoscopy (CE) within 1 year in 38 cases. Transfusion requirements 6 months prior and postintervention were measured to see if DBE had any impact on the need for blood transfusions. Results Sixty-nine patients (25 females and 44 males) were included. Mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 63 ± 17 years. Wilcoxon signed rank test statistics were used to find the difference in the rate of blood transfusion. There was a statistically significant decrease in rate of packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusion post DBE and endoscopic therapy with coagulation (p < 0.001). Argon plasma coagulation was used to ablate all arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) except in one (subepithelial lesion). Those that required > 5 units pRBC transfusions pre-DBE had the most benefit. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that transfusion requirements are significantly reduced in those undergoing therapy with DBE and coagulation for obscure GI bleed.

The Effect of Buzz Group Modification Method on Exclusive Breastfeeding Against Self Efficacy in Pregnant Women: A Quasi Experiment

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is an effort to increase the breastfeeding benefits and reduce infant mortality rate. Self efficacy is one of the factors that can influence the level of confidence exclusive in breastfeeding.Aim: This study aimed to identify the level of self efficacy before and after given modified buzz group method and to the influence of modified buzz group method about exclusive breastfeeding against self efficacy in pregnant motherMethod: This study was designed using quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted in the working area of the health center. The total population used in this study was 42 pregnant women. A total sample of 38 respondents was taken according to purposive sampling. BSES-SF (Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale Short Form) questionnaire was administered at pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and the Mann Whitney test.Results: The results showed that the Wilcoxon Signed Rank statistical test obtained p value of 0,000 in the treatment group and p value of 0.355 in the control group. The Mann Whitney statistical test obtained a significant value of p = 0,000 at the post-test. The modification of the buzz group method took effect to increased self efficacy about exclusive breastfeeding for pregnant mother because this method was organized by four sources of self efficacy that was direct experience, indirect experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional condition.Conclusion: With the modification of the buzz group method and self efficacy for pregnant mother can increase of value for breastfeeding exclusive coverage.

PENGARUH PELATIHAN KOMUNIKASI EFEKTIF TERHADAP CARING PERAWAT DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM BALI ROYAL

Caring is a factor that affects the quality of nursing services and patient satisfaction. Caring behavior is not innate, but can be learned and practiced. Communication as a basic capital in caring behavior, it is very important to provide effective communication training or therapeutic communication to all nurses. This study aimed at determine the effect of effective communication training towards nurse caring in the ward at Bali Royal Hospital.
 The research method used is quantitative with Pre-Experimental One-Group Pretest- Postest Design. The research sample consisted of 50 nurses in the ward at Bali Royal Bali Hospital with a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic test.
 The results of the study were obtained from 50 respondents, the majority of respondents experienced an increase in caring behavior after the intervention / treatment of effective communication training as many as 49 people and the results of statistical tests showed that there was an effect of effective communication training towards caring nurses in ward at Royal Bali Hospital. Suggestions to nurses to improve the ability of caring behavior to increase patient satisfaction with services. Nurses should actively participate in training and be active in finding information related to caring behavior.

Self-Efficacy Training To Improve Hardiness of Firefigthers in “Dinas Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana Kota Bandung”

The purpose of this research is to understand the increasing of hardiness in Firefighter of Dinas Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana Kota Bandung after given self-efficacy training. The theory used were self-efficacy theory from Bandura (2002) and hardiness from Maddi & Khosaba (2005). The research has 18 subjects as a sample taken by purposive sampling methods. The methods use was Quasi-experimental. Data was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic methods to make comparison between pre-test and post-test. As a result of this research: degree of hardiness in Firefighter of Dinas Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana Kota Bandung was increase after participate in self-efficacy training. Conclude that self-efficacy training could help to increase hardiness in Firefighter of Dinas Kebakaran dan Penanggulangan Bencana Kota Bandung.

EFFECTIVENESS OF EXTENSION WITH DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION VIDEO MEDIA ON ORAL HYGIENE AND SKILL CLEANING LEVELS IN DENTAL TUNAGRAHITA STUDENTS IN SLB BALI PROVINCE

Dental health is one of most important things for childrens growth, but in Indonesia there are not many parents who care about childrens dental health, especially in childrens with special needs (disabled children). Childrens with special needs have a higher risk of oral and dental health problems,because they have mental and physical shortcomings and limitations to perform optimal self-cleaning teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling with Dental Health Education video media on tooth brushing behavior and the level of oral and dental hygiene in middle-class mental retirement students in the province of Bali in 2019. This type of research is an experimental community trial with pretest-posttest control group design . The results of research on Tunagrahita students are in the medium category of SLB in Bali Province as many as 200 people. The education level of the respondents consisted of SDLB, SMPLB and SMALB. Students' skills in brushing their teeth before the intervention in the treatment group 100 (100%) need guidance, after the intervention 6 (6%) categories are good, 13 students in the sufficient category and 81 (81%) need guidance. The level of dental hygiene of retarded students was in the moderate category in the treatment group before the intervention with good criteria 15 people, moderate 68 (68%) and bad criteria17 (17%), after the intervention with good criteria 36 (68%), moderate 56 (56%) and bad criteria 8 (8%). The average level of dental hygiene in the treatment group before the intervention was 2.26 and after the intervention 1.87. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic results showed that the analysis results obtained a p value (Asymp.sig 2 tailed) of 0,000 less than 0.05. Conclusion there are significant differences in both the skills and oral and dental hygiene in the treatment group and the control group after the intervention is given.

Prevention of Stunting Through Health Education in Parents of Pre-School Children

This study aims to analyze the effect of pre-school age children's health education on stunting in the Setia Bakti Kediri Kindergarten.
 The design of this study used a pre-experimental pre-post test. Subjects were parents who had pre-school children with 49 respondents in the Setia Bakti Kediri Kindergarten. Retrieval of data from 29 - 31 May 2019. Randomization technique with purposive sampling. The variable of this study is parental knowledge. Measurement of knowledge with a questionnaire. Health education is carried out for 60 minutes using lecture methods, audio media, visual aids, and booklets. Research analysis technique with the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic test.
 The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of health education about stunting on the knowledge of parents of pre-school children in Setia Bakti Kediri Kindergarten.
 Health education about stunting increases parental knowledge

HAR-MI method for multi-class imbalanced datasets

Research on multi-class imbalance from a number of researchers faces obstacles in the form of poor data diversity and a large number of classifiers. The Hybrid Approach Redefinition-Multiclass Imbalance (HAR-MI) method is a Hybrid Ensembles method which is the development of the Hybrid Approach Redefinion (HAR) method. This study has compared the results obtained with the Dynamic Ensemble Selection-Multiclass Imbalance (DES-MI) method in handling multiclass imbalance. In the HAR-MI Method, the preprocessing stage was carried out using the random balance ensembles method and dynamic ensemble selection to produce a candidate ensemble and the processing stages was carried out using different contribution sampling and dynamic ensemble selection to produce a candidate ensemble. This research has been conducted by using multi-class imbalance datasets sourced from the KEEL Repository. The results show that the HAR-MI method can overcome multi-class imbalance with better data diversity, smaller number of classifiers, and better classifier performance compared to a DES-MI method. These results were tested with a Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical test which showed that the superiority of the HAR-MI method with respect to DES-MI method.

The Effect of Buzz Group ModificThe Effect of Buzz Group Modification Method on Exclusive Breastfeeding Against Self Efficacy in Pregnant Women:A Quasi Experimentation Method on Exclusive Breastfeeding Against Self Efficacy in Pregnant Women: A Quasi Experiment

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding for six months is an effort to increase the breastfeeding benefits and reduce infant mortality rate. Self efficacy is one of the factors that can influence the level of confidence exclusive in breastfeeding. Aim: This study aimed to identify the level of self efficacy before and after given modified buzz group method and to the influence of modified buzz group method about exclusive breastfeeding against self efficacy in pregnant mother Method: This study was designed using quasi-experimental design. The study was conducted in the working area of the health center. The total population used in this study was 42 pregnant women. A total sample of 38 respondents was taken according to purposive sampling. BSES-SF (Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Scale Short Form) questionnaire was administered at pre-test and post-test. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and the Mann Whitney test. Results: The results showed that the Wilcoxon Signed Rank statistical test obtained p value of 0,000 in the treatment group and p value of 0.355 in the control group. The Mann Whitney statistical test obtained a significant value of p = 0,000 at the post-test. The modification of the buzz group method took effect to increased self efficacy about exclusive breastfeeding for pregnant mother because this method was organized by four sources of self efficacy that was direct experience, indirect experience, verbal persuasion, and emotional condition. Conclusion: With the modification of the buzz group method and self efficacy for pregnant mother can increase of value for breastfeeding exclusive coverage.

A Permutation Test for Comparing Two Correlated Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves

The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) is a summary measure when comparing two ROC curves. However, this summary measure is less informative when two ROC curves cross and have the same AUCs. In order to detect differences between ROC curves and to be able to tackle the problem of exchangeability of the labels between two diagnostic tests within subject, an alternative permutation test based on between-subject permutations of the labels of the subjects within each diagnostic test is proposed for assessing a change in the AUCs in a continuous matched pair of data from two diagnostic test procedures having both non-diseased and diseased subject in each of the test. The Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic was modified as a permutation test under the null hypothesis of equality of AUCs. An algorithm for carrying out complete enumeration of all the distinct permutations of the paired test results was developed which provides exact p-values. Using simulated data, the proposed test compares in statistical power to the modified sign test proposed by Braun and Alonzo but the proposed test has better operating characteristics, that is greater statistical power to detect a crossing alternative and is less conservative in test size and in the range of parameters of at least 0.8 of AUCs on the average with a correlation of at least 0.4 and small to moderately large sample sizes. Similarly in applying real life data, the proposed test has the more likelihood of rejecting null hypothesis of equality of AUC1 and AUC2 at nominal level of 0.05 with the proposed test having a p-value of 0.0312 against the Braun and Alonzo’s test with a p-value of 0.0387. This is because the proposed test is modified to adjust for the presence of zero differences in values and considers the signs of values as well as the absolute ranks of values. Also the estimates of AUC1 and AUC2 for the two diagnostic tests are 0.668 and 0.887 respectively showing that AUC2, that is 2hour 100g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is superior to AUC1 (2hour 70g OGTT) at a time that the specificity is greater than 0.7.

The Efficiency of Multi-Faceted Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Perceived Behavior, and Practice Skills towards Pharmacovigilance among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students of India.

BACKGROUND:The primary reason for poor adverse drug reaction (ADR) signal detection worldwide is the under-reporting of ADRs by healthcare professionals. Multidisciplinary teams, including pharmacists, may play an essential role in targeting this issue.AIM:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of a multi-faceted educational intervention (MEI) on the knowledge, perception, and practice skills of pharmacovigilance among undergraduate pharmacy students.METHODS:A longitudinal, prospective study using a single group before-and-after intervention design was conducted among 100 undergraduate pharmacy students at Togari Veeramallappa Memorial College of Pharmacy, Ballari, India (TVMCP), affiliated to Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, India. The questionnaire was structured using previous studies and standardized. It had three groups of questions. Group 1 questions evaluated the knowledge (K1-K8), group 2 tested perceptions (A1-A6), and group 3 tested the practice skills of pharmacovigilance (P1-P5) of the participant. The participants were graded in 3 categories as poor, unsatisfactory, and satisfactory, depending upon the mean score. Matched pairs student t-test and The Wilcoxon Signed rank statistical test was used to assess the impact of the MEI on the participants’ knowledge, perception, and practice skills score, along with recording different factors preventing them from being actively involved in the pharmacovigilance program.RESULTS:The educational intervention improved the pharmacovigilance knowledge, perception, and practice skills scores of our pharmacy students.CONCLUSION:Our study showed that knowledge, perception, and practice skills scores increased after MEI highlighting the need for regular educational campaigns to healthcare professions.

Pengendalian Persediaan Obat dengan Minimum-Maximum Stock Level di Instalasi Farmasi RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

Inappropriate inventory control of medicines in hospital can lead to shortage or over stock, which is a problem faced by Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the Minimum-Maximum Stock Level (MMSL) method on efficiency and effectivity of medicine inventory at Hospital Pharmacy Dr. Sardjito. A quasi experimental nonequivalent without control group design was applied, and purposive sampling was taken from retrospective data in January-June 2018 and the application of methods prospectively i.e. August-December 2018. Thirty-five types of medicines which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained, i.e. high cost, high volume, clinicaly important, and supply focus. These types of medicines were included in category A of ABC Pareto Analysis. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on inventory value, stock out value, and Inventory Turn Over Ratio (ITOR) was analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistic. The effect of minimum-maximum stock level method on stock out incident was analysed using Mc Nemar Test statistic. This study found that minimum-maximum stock level method to impact the positively their efficiency of drug control marked by decreased of inventory value and ITOR ideal value. The effectiveness of drug control marked by decreased incidence of stock out in Hospital Pharmacy Departement Dr. Sardjito.

The Effectiveness of Playing Ball Stimulation to the Gross Motor Development of 24-36 months Children

Various research results reveal that early age is a golden period for the development of children in which 50% of the intelligence development occurs at the age of 0-4 years and 30% in the following 8 years. Early childhood education also needs to be considered since education plays an important role in the process of growth and development of the children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of playing ball stimulation to the gross motor development in children aged 24-36 months.This study used a pre-experimental design with posttest only control group design. The population was 150 children in all Posyandu in the working areas of the PKM Kanigoro. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The independent variable was playing ball stimulation, while the dependent variable was gross motor development. The instrument used KPSP.The results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank statistical test showed p = 0.005 (α = 0.05), indicated that playing ball stimulation could improve gross motor skills development of children. It is expected that the parents of the respondents more active in asking questions, watching carefully on how to provide stimulation to the children, especially in stimulating ball games, so that it could help them in increasing their children gross motor skills. The results of this study can also be used as an input for health workers to further improvement of counseling during posyandu activities, so that the gross motor development of children continues to increase well.

Acceptability of Robots to Assist the Elderly by Future Designers: A Case of Guangdong Ocean University Industrial Design Students

The development of robot technology provides many possibilities for the life support of the elderly. This study explored the acceptability of robots to assist the elderly from the perspective of future designers. A quantitative questionnaire (58 copies) and a qualitative one-to-one interview (10 people) were conducted to explore the attitude of future designers towards the use of robots to assist the elderly. One-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistic was used to analyze the data of the questionnaire. The results show that the mean and median of 11 of the 12 dimensions of the acceptability questionnaire are greater than 3 (3 represents uncertain and neutral attitude), and 10 have statistical significance (p < 0.05). Also, the interview results show the positive attitude of future designers. The research shows that future designers hold a positive and open attitude towards the use of robots to assist the elderly. The research findings can help people understand the attitude of future designers and provide some reference for subsequent robot design and development.

Optimal Allocation and Hourly Scheduling of Capacitor Banks Using Sine Cosine Algorithm for Maximizing Technical and Economic Benefits

ABSTRACT—This article introduces a problem solution of optimal allocation and hourly scheduling of capacitor banks (C-Bs) using the sine cosine optimization algorithm (SCA) to maximize the cost saving and enhance the system reliability. The impact of reliability enhancement reveals in the objective function as a reduction of energy not supplied cost. The optimal location and size of C-Bs are determined based on two strategies; strategy 1, loss sensitivity factor is used to select the candidate buses after that optimal size of C-Bs is determined by SCA while in strategy 2, the optimal location and size of C-Bs are determined by SCA. The proposed algorithm is tested on IEEE 33 and 69-bus radial distribution systems with different scenarios of single and multi-C-Bs installation. Also the daily load variations have been considered to optimally schedule switched C-Bs steps. The simulation results using Matlab programing environment have been verified using the non-parametric Wilcoxon signed rank statistical test. The superiority of proposed algorithm is also ensured by comparing its results with other optimization methods.

Novel meta-heuristic bald eagle search optimisation algorithm

This study proposes a bald eagle search (BES) algorithm, which is a novel, nature-inspired meta-heuristic optimisation algorithm that mimics the hunting strategy or intelligent social behaviour of bald eagles as they search for fish. Hunting by BES is divided into three stages. In the first stage (selecting space), an eagle selects the space with the most number of prey. In the second stage (searching in space), the eagle moves inside the selected space to search for prey. In the third stage (swooping), the eagle swings from the best position identified in the second stage and determines the best point to hunt. Swooping starts from the best point and all other movements are directed towards this point. BES is tested by adopting a three-part evaluation methodology that (1) describes the benchmarking of the optimisation problem to evaluate the algorithm performance, (2) compares the algorithm performance with that of other intelligent computation techniques and parameter settings and (3) evaluates the algorithm based on mean, standard deviation, best point and Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistic of the function values. Optimisation results and discussion confirm that the BES algorithm competes well with advanced meta-heuristic algorithms and conventional methods.

MOGSABAT: a metaheuristic hybrid algorithm for solving multi-objective optimisation problems

This study proposes a novel strength of multi-objective gravitational search algorithm and bat algorithm MOGSABAT to solve multi-objective optimisation problem. The proposed MOGSABAT algorithm is divided into three stages. In the first stage (moving space), a switch in a solution from single function to multiple functions that contain more than one objective to use the gravitational search algorithm GSA is determined. We established a new equation to calculate the masses of individuals in the population using the theoretical work found in the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm. In the second stage (moving in space), how to handle the bat algorithm BAT to solve multiple functions is established. We applied the theoretical work of multi-objective particle swarm optimisation into the BAT algorithm to solve multiple functions. In the third stage, multi-objective GSA and multi-objective BAT are integrated to obtain the hybrid MOGSABAT algorithm. MOGSABAT is tested by adopting a three-part evaluation methodology that (1) describes the benchmarking of the optimisation problem (bi-objective and tri-objective) to evaluate the performance of the algorithm; (2) compares the performance of the algorithm with that of other intelligent computation techniques and parameter settings; and (3) evaluates the algorithm based on mean, standard deviation and Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistic of the function values. The optimisation results and discussion confirm that the MOGSABAT algorithm competes well with advanced metaheuristic algorithms and conventional methods.

Adjusted Wilcoxon signed rank test tables for ratio of percentiles

ABSTRACTThe ordinary Wilcoxon signed rank test table provides confidence intervals for the median of one population. Adjusted Wilcoxon signed rank test tables which can provide confidence intervals for the median and the 10th percentile of one population are created in this paper. Base-(n + 1) number system and theorems about property of symmetry of the adjusted Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic are derived for programming. Theorem 1 states that the adjusted Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic are symmetric around n(n + 1)/4. Theorem 2 states that the adjusted Wilcoxon signed rank test statistic with the same number of negative ranks m are symmetric around m(n+1)/2. 87.5% and 85% confidence intervals of the median are given in the table for n = 12, 13,…, 29 to create approximated 95% confidence intervals of the ratio of medians for two independent populations. 95% and 92.5% confidence intervals of the 10th percentile are given in the table for n = 26, 27, 28, 29 to create approximated 95% confidence regions of the ratio of the 10th percentiles for two independent populations. Finally two large datasets from wood industry will be partitioned to verify the correctness of adjusted Wilcoxon signed rank test tables for small samples.

ITGO: Invasive tumor growth optimization algorithm

This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm named ITGO (Invasive Tumor Growth Optimization) algorithm based on the principle of invasive tumor growth. The study of tumor growth mechanism shows that each cell of tumor strives for the nutrient in their microenvironment to grow and proliferate. In ITGO algorithm, tumor cells were divided into three categories: proliferative cells, quiescent cells and dying cells. The cell movement relies on the chemotaxis, random walk of motion and interaction with other cells in different categories. Invasive behaviors of proliferative cells and quiescent cells are simulated by levy flight and dying cells are simulated through interaction with proliferative cells and quiescent cells. In order to test the effectiveness of ITGO algorithm, 50 functions from CEC2005, CEC2008, CEC2010 and a support vector machine (SVM) parameter optimization problem were used to compare ITGO with other well-known heuristic optimization methods. Statistical analysis using Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank statistical test with Bonferroni–Holm correction demonstrates that the ITGO algorithm is better in solving global optimization problems in comparison to the other meta-heuristic algorithms.

The Writing Performance of Elementary Students Receiving Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction.

Strategic and Interactive Writing Instruction (SIWI) has led to improved writing and language outcomes among deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) middle grades students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SIWI on the written expression of DHH elementary students across recount/personal narrative, information report, and persuasive genres. Five multiple-probe case studies demonstrate a relationship between implementation of SIWI and improvements in genre-related writing performance. The effect of instruction was most immediately demonstrated with information reports and persuasive writing, whereas several sessions of recount instruction were needed for students to satisfy performance criteria. Additionally, pre- and post-data from a larger group of students (N = 31) were compared. Wilcoxon signed-rank test statistics were statistically significant for each genre with medium to high effect sizes. Data suggest SIWI as a promising practice with elementary students, and comments regarding further development and research are provided.

Artificial cooperative search algorithm for numerical optimization problems

In this paper, a new two-population based global search algorithm, the Artificial Cooperative Search Algorithm (ACS), is introduced. ACS algorithm has been developed to be used in solving real-valued numerical optimization problems. For purposes of examining the success of ACS algorithm in solving numerical optimization problems, 91 benchmark problems that have different specifications were used in the detailed tests. The success of ACS algorithm in solving the related benchmark problems was compared to the successes obtained by PSO, SADE, CLPSO, BBO, CMA-ES, CK and DSA algorithms in solving the related benchmark problems by using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Statistical Test with Bonferroni-Holm correction. The results obtained in the statistical analysis demonstrate that the success achieved by ACS algorithm in solving numerical optimization problems is better in comparison to the other computational intelligence algorithms used in this paper.