Width Of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Research Articles

Evaluating the validity of recurring esthetic dental proportion in young adults

Objectives: An important aspect of cosmetic dentistry is developing a geometric or numerical proportion to associate the consecutive width of maxillary anterior teeth. New hypotheses in this area include the Golden proportion, golden percentage, and the recurrent esthetic dental (RED) proportion. This study used digital photos and computer analysis to examine the existing RED proportion associated with the widths of maxillary anterior teeth in people with permanent dentition. Material and Methods: Sixty young adults (28 males and 32 females) were photographed from the front. Digital measurements were taken of all maxillary anterior teeth. Results: To determine whether the RED proportion exists in the permanent dentition, the mean width proportion of the maxillary lateral incisor to central incisor and maxillary canine to lateral incisor was established. The average lateral incisor to central incisor width proportion of the right and left side was determined to be 70% and 71%, respectively. The average canine to lateral incisor width proportion was determined to be 80% and 78%, respectively. Conclusion: The maxillary anterior teeth’s consecutive widths did not exhibit RED proportions in the data that were examined. People’s anterior tooth proportions differ based on their race and ethnicity. Thus, the RED ratio is not the only standard for rebuilding aesthetically acceptable smiles globally.

Correlation between different points on the face and the width of maxillary anterior teeth

Statement of problemThere is currently no consensus on the relationship between maxillary anterior teeth and different facial anthropometric measurements. Additionally, whether these relationships vary by age and sex remains unreported. PurposeThis clinical study aimed to investigate the relationship between the intercanine distance (ICaD) and intercanthal distance (ICD), interpupillary distance (IPD), interalar width (IAW), and intercommissural width (ICW), and to compare whether these relationships differ between different age and sex populations. Material and methodsParticipants (n = 409) were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria, and their standardized digital images were taken to measure facial and oral segments through an image processing program. The differences between ICaD and four facial measurements and the sexual differences for all measurements were compared using the 1-sample t-test. The differences among different age groups for all measurements were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and a least significant difference (LSD) test was used for multiple comparisons. The association between ICaD and the four facial measurements was evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation between ICaD and four facial measurements was evaluated using linear regression. Differences in regression equations among the subgroups were evaluated through subgroup regression analysis and the significance test of the difference between the two regression coefficients. Tests of significance were two-sided, with alpha level of 0.05. The reliability of the results was evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. ResultsThe ICD, IPD, ICW, and IAW significantly differed from the ICaD in both sexes (P < 0.01). All measurements were significantly greater in men than in women (P < 0.01). The differences among the age groups were statistically significant for all measurements except IPD (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between all facial measurements (r = 0.258 [ICD], r = 0.334 [IPD], r = 0.389 [ICW], and r = 0.393 [IAW]) and the ICaD in both sexes. The highest correlation was found between ICW(r = 0.345) and ICAD in men and IAW (r = 0.285) and ICAD in women. Except for the 20–29 and 50–59 age groups, the mathematical equations of ICaD and facial anthropometric measurements differed among the other age groups and sexes. ConclusionsICD, IPD, ICW, and IAW cannot be directly used to determine ICaD in both sexes. Nevertheless, when observed from the frontal aspect, by the use of digital images, all facial measurements correlated to the intercanine distance, with a high probability. The mathematical formulae combined with facial anthropological measurements can help ensure the combined width of the six maxillary anterior teeth, but the effects of sex and age differences should be considered.

Evaluation of the relationship between the interpupillary distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth in Nepalese population

Introduction: For pleasing aesthetic appearance, the maxillary anterior teeth must be in proportion to facial morphology. Among the different facial measurements used to determine mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth, the interpupillary distance remains constant irrespective of age changes. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the inter-pupillary width and mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. Methods: This was a hospital-based cross sectional study conducted at outpatient department of College of Dental Surgery, Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. The study comprised of 199 participants of age group 18 to 35 years. The inter-pupillary distance and mesiodistal width from maxillary right canine to left canine (R3L3) were measured with a digital vernier caliper (Aero-space company, India) with accuracy of 0.01mm. Independent t-test was used to compare inter-pupillary distance and R3L3 between males and females while Pearson correlation was used to see the inter-relationship between these two parameters. Regression analysis was used to predict the mesiodistal width of right central incisor and R3L3. Results: The overall IPD was 66.09 + 4.00 mm and R3L3 was 54.27 ± 4.47 mm. There were no significant differences in IPD and R3L3 in males and females. The IPD and R3L3 showed moderate positive correlation, r=0.47, p-value &lt;0.001.Prediction equation was calculated to predict the R3L3 and mesiodistal width of right central incisors. Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between inter-pupillary distance and mesiodistal width of maxillary six anterior teeth. Prediction equation will be useful to determine the mesiodistal width of the maxillary six anterior teeth based on interpupillary distance.

An Analysis of the Esthetic Proportions of Anterior Maxillary Teeth in a School of Dentistry in Ar Rass.

There are several facets of esthetic dentistry, such as the shade and color of teeth, but the geometric or mathematical proportion aspect is among the most crucial. Theories such as the golden percentage, golden proportion, and recurring esthetic dental are presented in esthetic dentistry. The present prospective observational research was undertaken between January 2022 and January 2023. The volunteers' cohort included individuals aged 18 to 45 years without periodontal disease, free of carious cavities and restorations in the anterior teeth, with a complete set of anterior teeth and at least one quadrant of well-aligned anterior maxillary teeth. We utilized an iPhone mobile lens (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA) to take photos. The maximum circumference on the mesial and distal contacts of anterior teeth was used as a reference point for measurements. After data collection, a customized Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) was formulated to facilitate mathematical analysis. This study was conducted on 60 dental students, 43 being male subjects and 17 female subjects. The best results in this study were seen in relation to perceived central incisor width and perceived lateral width as seen from the front. It was found that the unidentified group appears to be the most relevant group with 33 participants (52%), and Preston's proportion was the least frequent with 0 participants (0%). As expected, males appeared to have larger anterior teeth dimensions than females. The actual correlation between maxillary teeth width as perceived from the front view is unidentified. Golden percentage and modified Golden percentage ranked second and third. Preston's proportion did not exist. Based on our study, a new formula for calculating the relation between maxillary anterior teeth width could be raised and should be tested on a wider population.

Correlation of Inter-Canine Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth with Interpupillary Distance and Inner Inter-Canthal Distance

Introduction: The selection of proper sized maxillary anterior teeth poses a challenge and numerous efforts have been made to develop methods for estimating the inter-canine width of maxillary anterior teeth. In this clinical study, the objective was to investigate the correlation between interpupillary distance (IPD), inner inter-canthal distance (ICAD) and inter-canine width of maxillary anterior teeth (ICW). Methods: The subjects were comfortably seated on a dental chair in a relaxed state in an upright position with the head resting firmly against the headrest. The parameters were measured using a digital caliper. To determine IPD, the midpoint of the pupils was marked and measured. Likewise, the width of ICAD was assessed by measuring between the medial angle of the palpebral fissure of the eyes. The inter-canine width of maxillary anteriors form the distal surface of left and right canines were measured with a dental floss, which was then sectioned and measured. Each parameter was measured thrice, and the average value was calculated and recorded. Results: Mean IPD, ICAD and ICW were 60.8 mm, 31.5 mm and 49.7 mm respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference between IPD and ICW teeth of male and female respectively. Spearman's rho analysis showed statistically significant correlation between ICW and IPD (r=0.156, p =0.006). Similarly, Spearman's rho analysis in male group also showed statistically significant correlation between ICW and IPD (r= 0.374, p=0.00025). Conclusion: This study concluded that there was significant correlation between interpupillary distance and ICW. The measurement of IPD can serve as a valuable reference for guiding the selection and placement of artificial maxillary anterior teeth.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERCANTHAL WIDTH, INTERALAR WIDTH, COMBINED WIDTH OF FORE FINGER, MIDDLE FINGER, AND RING FINGER OF RIGHT HAND TO THE INTERCANINE WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION- AN IN VIVO STUDY

Purpose-The objective is to evaluate the relationship between Intercanthal width, interalar width, combined width of fore finger, middle finger, and ring finger of right hand to the intercanine width of maxillary anterior teeth in south Indian population Materials and Methods- one hundred thirty six patients were evaluated for innercanthal, interalar, combined width of fore finger, middle finger, and ring finger of right hand to the intercanine width of maxillary anterior teeth, the studys statistical test was done by one-way ANOVA test. Result-the values of Mean ± SD were Intercanine distance 40.510 ± 1.954, inter alar width 40.672± 1.785 eye width 37.969 ± 2.37 and combined finger width 40.397 ± 1.969 and df: 2, F: 11.578, p-value : 0.001(p&lt;0.05) were obtained which implies statistical significance. Conclusion-Within the limitation of the study, it was concluded that there is a significant correlation between intercanine width and inter alar and combined width of three fingers. There is statistically significant difference has been noticed between intercanine and inter canthal distance.

The relationship between bizygomatic width and mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in a Javanese population

The selection of the mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth is the key to success in prosthodontic treatment. Determining anterior teeth width when there is no existing pre-extraction record can be done through bizygomatic width measurement. The purpose of this study was to look at the relationship between bizygomatic width and mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth in the Javanese population. This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted on 32 Javanese subjects who met the following criteria: being 18-25 years of age, having Angle class 1 malocclusion, having complete maxillary anterior permanent teeth, not using dentures, currently not undergoing any orthodontic treatment, and having no abnormalities found in the facial area. The bizygomatic width was measured with a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm from the marked right and left bizygomatic points. The mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth was measured using dental floss looped from the distal left canine to the right canine. Dental floss marked with a pen was stretched horizontally on paper and then measured with a digital caliper with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The measurement was done in triplicate. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and the simple linear regression test. This study’s analysis revealed a strong and positive correlation (r = 0.538 and p &lt; 0.05) between the bizygomatic width and mesiodistal width of the maxillary anterior teeth. The result of the simple linear regression test showed a significant result (p &lt; 0.05). It can be concluded that there was a relationship between the bizygomatic width and the mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth in the Javanese population. The mesiodistal width of the six maxillary anterior teeth in the Javanese population can be measured by multiplying the bizygomatic width by the multiplier factor, i.e., 0.427.

The Analysis of Facio-Dental Proportions to Determine the Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth: A Clinical Study.

The present study aimed to analyze mid horizontal facial third proportions, those being the interpupillary, inner intercanthal, and bizygomatic distance modified with golden proportion, The Preston proportion, golden percentage and 70% recurring esthetic dental proportion were used for determining maxillary anterior teeth width. A total of 230 participants took part in this study. The front dental and facial photographs along dental stone cast which were converted to three-dimensional (3D) models were used for evaluation. The mid horizontal facial third proportions showed no significant relationship with maxillary anterior teeth width without modification with dental proportions. Whereas, with modification, no statistically significant difference was found between inner-intercanthal distance by golden percentage and width of central incisors. The bizygomatic distance was greater than intercanine distance. While the interpupillary distance by golden proportion was found to be consistent with intercanine distance in female participants. The modified anterior teeth width was significantly different from measured values, when determined by using the three mid facial proportions with Preston and 70% recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion. Furthermore, the measured width of maxillary anterior teeth showed no difference when plaster dental casts widths were compared with 3D models. The interpupillary, inner-intercanthal, and bizygomatic distance should not be directly used to determine maxillary anterior teeth width. While maxillary anterior teeth width can be determined by modifying the inner inter-canthal distance with golden percentage and interpupillary distance with golden proportion. Moreover, the midfacial third proportions modified with Preston and 70% recurrent esthetic dental proportion were found to be unreliable for the determination of maxillary anterior teeth widths.

CORRELATION OF INTERALAR WIDTH AND MAXILLARY INTERCANINE WIDTH IN DENTATE SUBJECTS OF GANDHARA UNIVERSITY, PESHAWAR

Objectives: The present study aims to fi nd out the correlation of maxillary anterior teeth and the nose width in a dentate study population of Gandhara University, Peshawar.Methods and materials: The study population was the students of Gandhara University, Peshawar. Out of these a total of 211 students were invited to participate in the study. Both male and female were included in the sample population. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institution of the University. Informed consent was also obtained from the participants of the study. Interalar width was measured with Vernier caliper and the Intercanine distance was measured on a cast obtained from impression of the arch.Results: A correlation was found between the interalar widths and combined mesio-distal dimensions of anterior 6 maxillary teeth; however, when compared in males and females the diff erence was not signifi cant.Conclusion: Although nose can be used as guide for selection of maxillary anterior teeth width, however more than one guide must be used for predictable results.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF INNER-CANTHAL DISTANCE AND INTERALAR WIDTH TO THE INTER-CANINE WIDTH AMONGST THE POPULATION OF Chitwan

Background: There are many techniques and methods for estimating the maxillary anterior teeth in edentulous patient. Inner-canthal and inter- alar width are one of the methods to establish inter-canine width. The objective of our study is to assess the relation of inner-canthal distance and inter-alar width with inter-canine width and canine-to-canine distance. Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 161 participants were selected. Four parameters, Inner-Canthal Distance, Inter-Alar Width, Inter-Canine Width and Canine tip to Canine tip were measured using digital Vernier caliper. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and data analysis on SPSS 21. Descriptive statistics and independent t-test were used. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to find association between continuous variables like Inner-Canthal Distance and Inter-Alar Width with Inter-Canine Width and Canine tip to Canine tip width. Results: Strong positive correlation was found between Inner-Canthal Distance and Canine tip to Canine tip (+0.065) among males. the multiplying factor of Inter-Alar Width and Inner-Canthal Distance was 1.002 to obtain Inter-Canine Width. Similarly, the multiplying factor of Inter-Alar Width was 1.006 and Inner-Canthal Distance was 1.003 to obtain Canine tip to Canine tip. Moderate positive correlation was found between inner canthal distance and canine tip to canine tip among Mongolians and weak positive correlation among Aryans. Conclusions: Study showed that Inner-Canthal Distance and Inter-Alar width can be used to determine combined width of maxillary anterior teeth and tip of canine-to-canine distance in absence of pre-extraction records during complete denture fabrication.

CORRELATION OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PTERYGOMAXILLARY NOTCHES AND THE COMBINED WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH IN DENTATE SUBJECTS - AN OBSERVATIONAL ANALYTICAL STUDY

Purpose: The objective of this study was to find the correlation of the distance between pterygomaxillary notches and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth.Material &amp;Methods:One hundred and twenty-six maxillary dentulous impressions were made (18-50 years old) using metallic stock tray and irreversible hydrocolloid impression material, then poured in dental stone. The distance between Pterygomaxillary notches and the mesiodistal width of six maxillary anterior teeth were measured by digital vernier calliper on a dental stone cast. The mean of the measurements was statistically analysed using Pearsons correlation co-efficient. Results: The mean distance between pterygomaxillary notches was 39.5 ± 3.7mm and the mean of combined width of six maxillary anterior teeth was 45.5 ± 2.A moderately significant correlation was found for the distance between pterygomaxillary notches and the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth (p&lt;0.01, r=0.335).Only 11.2 percent of the samples showed a correlation between the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth and the distance between the pterygomaxillary notches. Conclusions: The relation between the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth and distance between the pterygomaxillary notches was significant (p&lt;0.01). The distance between pterygomaxillary notches can influence the size of maxillary anterior teeth along with other factors.It was concluded that for every 1mm increase in the distance between the pterygomaxillary notches, there will be a 0.18mm increase in the dimension for the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth.Distance between pterygomaxillary notches is a reliable method for the selection of maxillary anterior teeth. Clinical Relevance To Interdisciplinary Dentistry: 1. This can be used for teeth selection in patients with nasal, eye defects where inter-alar/ inter-pupillary width is not reliable. 2. This correlation can be applied to any restorative procedures involving rehabilitation of maxillary anterior teeth.

Assessment of Golden Proportion among Natural Maxillary Anterior Teeth of Global Population: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze studies, identify the existence of golden proportion between the perceived widths of the maxillary anterior teeth among the different geographical populations, and evaluate the range of dental proportion that exists regionally. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The focused question was, “Does golden proportion exist in natural, aesthetically pleasing smiles among different populations around the world?” The search conducted included studies from January 2000 to September 2020, identifying articles in English with the specific combination of MeSH and other related terms. The title search yielded eight hundred and ninety-eight articles, and seventy-five articles were selected for full-text analysis. However, only fifty-two full-text articles were included in the systematic review. The mean predicted dental ratios were either larger or smaller than the successive widths of maxillary natural anterior teeth. Golden proportions were not found consistently among anterior teeth in different populations observed in the systematic review. The golden proportion is still a useful tool for the reconstruction of lost or damaged anterior tooth widths; however, it is not the only standard for restoring esthetic smiles worldwide, and anterior tooth proportions differ among populations based on their geographic, ethnic, and racial background. Moreover, consideration should also be given to an individual’s dentofacial variations in restoring anterior teeth.

Esthetic proportions of maxillary anterior tooth among 300 normal occlusion college students in Shanxi province

Objective: To explore the relationship between the width ratios of maxillary anterior teeth, the width/height ratios of maxillary central incisor and the esthetic proportions among individual normal occlusion, and to provide reference for the esthetic design of anterior teeth. Methods: A total of 300 Shanxi Medical University students who were residents from Shanxi province with normal occlusion (110 males, 190 females, aged 18-30 years) were recruited in this study from October 2020 to March 2021. Standardized digital photographs of the maxillary anterior tooth in natural head position were obtained, the perceived width of the maxillary anterior teeth (maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines) on the left and right sides and height of maxillary central incisor were measured on the standardized digital photographs, then the width ratios of adjacent maxillary anterior teeth including the lateral incisor/central incisor width ratio (LI∶CI), the canine/lateral incisor width ratio (C∶LI), and the width/height ratios (W/H ratio) of the maxillary central incisor were calculated. The independent sample t test was used to compare the sex differences of each measurement project, Single sample t test was used to compare the difference of adjacent maxillary anterior teeth width ratios with golden proportion (0.618 and 0.618), Preston proportion (0.66 and 0.84), the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion (0.70 and 0.70). The percentage of anterior tooth width/intercanine width was calculated, the number and proportion of teeth conforming to golden percentage (25%, 15%, 10%)±1% or modified golden percentage (22.5%, 15.0%, 12.5%)±1% were calculated. The number and proportion of width/height ratio of maxillary central incisor ranged from 0.75 to 0.85 was counted. Results: The widths of maxillary central incisor, lateral incisor and canine were (8.50±0.52), (6.23±0.53) and (5.18±0.55) mm, respectively, the corresponding tooth of male [(8.74±0.49), (6.37±0.52), (5.41±0.47) mm] was significantly higher than that of female [(8.37±0.50), (6.15±0.52), (5.04±0.54) mm] (t=6.40, 3.55, 6.23,P<0.05). The width ratio of maxillary lateral incisor/central incisor was 0.73±0.05, and there was no significant difference between genders (t=-1.06, P>0.05). The width ratio of canine/lateral incisor was 0.84±0.10, and it was significantly higher in male (0.85±0.10) than in female (0.82±0.10) (t=2.42, P<0.05). Two width ratios of maxillary anterior teeth were significantly different from golden proportion and the RED proportion (t=38.50, 35.74, 11.48, 22.20, P<0.05). The lateral incisor/central incisor was significantly different from that of Preston proportion (t=24.66, P<0.05), while the canine/lateral incisor was not significantly different from that of Preston proportion (t=-0.92, P>0.05). In this study, a total of 0% (0/600) of central incisors, 63.0% (378/600) of lateral incisors and 5.8% (35/600) of canines met the golden percentage±1%. There were 42.8% (257/600) of central incisors, 63.0% (378/600) of lateral incisors and 56.7% (340/600) of canines met the modified golden percentage±1%. The width/height ratio of maxillary central incisors was 0.86±0.08, and there was no significant difference between genders (t=-0.88, P>0.05). Only 36.3% (218/600) of the subjects in this study ranged from 0.75 to 0.85. Conclusions: Gender differences should be considered in the esthetic design of anterior teeth; for the width ratios of maxillary anterior teeth, the golden proportion, the RED proportion and golden percentage do not accord with the natural tooth morphological characteristics of Shanxi nationality college students in normal occlusion. Preston proportion and modified golden percentage are of more reference value. The width/height ratio of maxillary central incisors is different from 0.75-0.85.

Analysis of Lower Facial Third and Dental Proportions to Predict Maxillary Anterior Teeth Width in the Pakistani Population

Obtaining the size of the maxillary anterior teeth when performing an esthetic smile rehabilitation can be a difficult task. Metrics based on dental proportions to assist in the process are required. This study aimed to evaluate the lower facial third proportions i.e., the interalar, interphiltral, and intercommisural distance with dental proportions in predicting maxillary anterior teeth width in Pakistani citizens. This analytical study was conducted on 230 participants. Front face and retracted smile photographs were captured for all the participants, followed by maxillary impression making. The cast was then converted to 3D models for analysis. The data were entered into SPSS-25. Descriptive statistics were carried out for frequency, mean, standard deviation, and percentage calculation of gender, teeth widths, horizontal mid facial proportions, and age of the participants. Independent t-test was applied for analysis of gender and arch side disparity. Regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between independent variables (gender, age, weight, and height) and dependent variables (horizontal facial proportion, dental proportion). A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. The interphiltral distance (IPLD) modified with Preston proportion (PRP) showed no significant difference with combined central incisor width, whereas a significant difference was found with golden proportion (GP), 70% recurrent esthetic dental (RED) proportion, and golden percentage (GM) modification. However, the interalar (IAD) and intercommisural distance (ICoD) modified with dental proportions showed a significant difference with maxillary anterior teeth width. The width of maxillary anterior teeth determined by plaster dental cast and 3D dental cast showed no significant difference. The ICoD, IAD, and IPLD could not be used to determine combined central incisor and intercanine width directly. The interphiltral distance modified with Preston proportion is a reliable method to predict combined central incisor width in the population studied. There was a significant difference in gender disparity when ICD, IAD, and IPLD were modified with dental proportions, except in the case of IPLD by the Preston proportion group. The golden proportion, 70% RED proportion, and golden percentage by lower facial third facial proportions are not reliable methods to predict maxillary anterior teeth width.

Evaluation of Golden Proportion in Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2020 -2021

Introduction: Some dentists use the golden ratio to balance the dimensions of the teeth and create a harmonious transverse ratio when reconstructing the maxillary anterior teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of golden ratio in the visible width of maxillary anterior teeth in students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.&#x0D; Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, 100 students (average age of 22 years) were selected from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences whose anterior maxillary teeth met the inclusion criteria. Photographs of the teeth in normal position of head and social smile were taken from a distance of 30 cm. The apparent width of teeth was measured with a digital ruler. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normal distribution of data, independent t-test was used to compare the width of anterior teeth and t-1 test was used to evaluate the golden ratio in transverse ratio of teeth. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.&#x0D; Results: Measurements showed that the visible width of maxillary anterior teeth on the right and left as well as between men and women was not significantly different. Golden ratio was only established between the visible width of the right lateral to the right central teeth (P&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The golden ratio was not established between any of the teeth, except for the right central to the right lateral. Therefore, the golden ratio cannot be a permanent criterion for the reconstruction of maxillary anterior teeth.

Relationship of Interalar and Intercommissural Distance with the Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth

Introduction: The anterior teeth are primarily selected to satisfy esthetics. Their selection requires the dentist’s artistic skill and scientific knowledge. This clinical study was conducted to explore the relationship of interalar and intercommissural distance with the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Measurements of the parameters was made using a Digital caliper. The patient was seated up right position and asked to look straight; the intercommisural and interalar width were measured between commissures and ala without applying pressure. The combined width of maxillary anteriors form the distal surface of left and right canines were measured with a dental floss, which was then sectioned and measured. Each parameter was measured three times and the average value was computed and recorded. Results: Mean Interalar, intercommisural and intercanine distance were 34.72 mm, 48.9 mm and 49.61 mm respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant difference between the interalar width, intercommisural width and intercanine width of male and female respectively. Spearman’s rho analysis showed a highly significant correlation between Inter canine and both inter alar width (r=0.098, p &lt;0.04) and Intercommisural width (r=0.234, p &lt;0.05). Similarly, Spearman’s rho analysis in both sexes showed a highly significant correlation between intercanine and intercommisural width however such correlation was not seen between intercanine and inter alar width. Conclusions: This study concluded that there is significant correlation between interalar and intercommissural width with the combined width of maxillary anterior teeth. The inter alar and inter commissural width may be a useful guideline for the selection and replacement of maxillary anterior artificial teeth.

Determination of biometric relationship between cranial circumference and the mesio distal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth.

ABSTRACT:&#x0D; Objective: To evaluate biometric relationship between cranial circumference and the mesio distal dimensions of maxillary anterior teeth.&#x0D; Methods: A randomly selected 150 subjects comprising equal number of males and females were evaluated for the craniometric and odontometric measurements were obtained with the help of a non-stretchable measuring tape and a sliding digital stainless-steel Vernier caliper. The tests used were Oneway ANOVA, correlation and linear regression analysis. The confidence level for this study was 95% and the p-value for statistical significance was set at less than 0.05.&#x0D; Result: Males had a greater mean head circumference compared to females. showed a highly statistically significant Gender Dimorphism for cranial circumference. Also Males had a statistically significantly greater mean Combined Mesio Distal Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth compared to females. The Pearson test showed weak negative correlation for males, and weak positive correlation for females and combined data.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study result could be used as a base data for further studies with larger sample size.&#x0D; Key words: Edentulous, Esthetics, Denture, Craniometry , Odontometry.

Estimation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Width with Golden Proportion in Undergraduate Students

Aim: To estimate the frequency of coinciding width of maxillary front teeth and golden proportion ratio in undergraduate students.&#x0D; Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Liaquat Medical University Hospital from June 2019 to January2020.&#x0D; Methodology: Total numbers of 96 students with maxillary anterior teeth were selected in this study. Appropriate size of upper maxillary impression of maxillary arch was made using alginate impression material with manufacturer prescribed instructions. The cast was retrieved between one and three hours of pouring. Digital caliper was used to measure for the spaces in the. The final recordings were entered in proforma. The data was analyzed by SPSS version-20.&#x0D; Results: Among the participants 65% were males and 35% females. The mean age of the participants was 21.02±1.88 years. Rate of coinciding was significantly high in 18 to 20 years of age (p=0.032).Coinciding width of maxillary anterior teeth and golden proportion ratio was significantly high in 1st year student (p=0.038)&#x0D; Conclusion: It was concluded that esthetics in dentistry cannot be justified mathematically and individuals should not be standardized. Whereas the dentists should follow few fundamental guidelines in the planning for esthetic treatment, it should be acknowledged that esthetics alters from person to person. That’s why it is important to consider the dento-facial specificities of every person and the inconstant natural tooth proportion during restoration or replacement of the maxillary front teeth.

Analysis of Geometric Proportions on Maxillary Anterior Teeth for Esthetic Smile Design: An In vivo Study.

Background and Objectives:The maxillary central incisor is the dominant element of anterior dental composition and hence should be restored or replaced with proper proportion of width and length for better aesthetic results. However, the literature is not clear regarding verifiable guidelines for the determination of proportions of the teeth. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence and suitability of Golden Rectangle, Recurring Aesthetic Dental Proportion, and Golden percentage between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth in individuals with natural dentition, with the aid of digital photographs and computer analysis.Material and Methods:Frontal full-face digital photographs of the subjects (in smile) were made under standardized conditions using a digital camera and a tripod stand was used to place and orient the camera in the standardized position (camera was positioned 1 meter away from the patient; and the lens of the camera was adjusted at the patients' lip level). Imaging software (Adobe Photoshop CS5; Adobe Systems, Inc, San Jose, Calif.) was used to mark the anatomic landmarks and to digitally analyze the photograph. The entire process of proportion analysis was done by a single observer.Results:The RED proportion was not found to exist between the six maxillary anterior teeth. The values suggested in the golden percentage were not applicable on the subjects of this study. However, a slight modification of these percentages can be adopted taking into consideration the ethnicity differences of the subjects in this study. The values obtained were 24%, 15%, 11% in males and 23%, 15%, and 11% in females. Golden rectangle concept can be used for choosing dimensions of maxillary central incisors which are esthetically pleasing.Conclusion:RED proportion is an unsuitable methods to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth. The golden percentage theory seems to be applicable to relate the successive widths of the maxillary anterior teeth if percentages are adjusted taking into consideration the ethnicity of the population. Golden rectangle concept is suitable for choosing dimensions of maxillary central incisors which are esthetically pleasing.

A 2D Photographic and 3D Digital Dental Model Analysis of Golden Percentage in Maxillary Anterior Teeth.

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the existence of golden percentage in natural maxillary anterior teeth with the aid of 3D digital dental models and 2D photographs. And to propose regional values of golden percentage for restoration of maxillary anterior teeth. For this purpose, one hundred and ninety dentate subjects with sound maxillary anterior teeth were selected. Standardized frontal images were captured with DSLR, and the apparent width of maxillary anterior teeth was measured utilizing a software on a personal laptop computer. Once the dimensions were recorded, the calculations were made according to the golden percentage theory (GPT). The data were analyzed by independent and paired T-test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. The golden percentage values were not found in this study. The values obtained were 16%, 15%, 20%, 20%, 15%, and 16% moving from the right canine to the left canine teeth. There was no significant gender difference in the golden percentage values. Thus, golden percentage should not be used solely for the correction of anterior teeth or for determining dental attractiveness. Emphasis should be given to a range of dental proportion on regional basis.