Assessment of Golden Proportion among Natural Maxillary Anterior Teeth of Global Population: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze studies, identify the existence of golden proportion between the perceived widths of the maxillary anterior teeth among the different geographical populations, and evaluate the range of dental proportion that exists regionally. An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The focused question was, “Does golden proportion exist in natural, aesthetically pleasing smiles among different populations around the world?” The search conducted included studies from January 2000 to September 2020, identifying articles in English with the specific combination of MeSH and other related terms. The title search yielded eight hundred and ninety-eight articles, and seventy-five articles were selected for full-text analysis. However, only fifty-two full-text articles were included in the systematic review. The mean predicted dental ratios were either larger or smaller than the successive widths of maxillary natural anterior teeth. Golden proportions were not found consistently among anterior teeth in different populations observed in the systematic review. The golden proportion is still a useful tool for the reconstruction of lost or damaged anterior tooth widths; however, it is not the only standard for restoring esthetic smiles worldwide, and anterior tooth proportions differ among populations based on their geographic, ethnic, and racial background. Moreover, consideration should also be given to an individual’s dentofacial variations in restoring anterior teeth.