Widodo's Administration Research Articles

The Dilemma of the Global Maritime Fulcrum: Challenges in Implementing the Global Maritime Fulcrum During President Joko Widodo's Second Term

Purpose: The aim of this article is to reviews the literature related to the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) policy initiated by President Joko Widodo at the beginning of his administration in 2014. The research identifies the challenges faced by the transition of President Joko Widodo administration from 2014 to 2019 to cover maritime policy. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: This article employs a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Literature sources such as journal articles, opinion pieces, books, and documents from relevant ministries and agencies are utilized to analyze the trends in the development of PMD policy during the second half of President Joko Widodo's administration. Findings: The findings indicate that most recent literature suggests a shift in priorities during President Joko Widodo's second term (2014-2019) concerning the GMF policy. This shift is evident from the decreasing focus on GMF in various speeches and governmental policies, alongside a greater emphasis on land-based infrastructure and economic development rather than maritime. The article categorizes the factors contributing to this shift into two major groups: external challenges and internal challenges. The primary external challenge currently faced by Indonesia is the increasing aggressiveness of China in the South China Sea. Meanwhile, the internal challenges include the limitations of military budgets, the COVID-19 pandemic, the allure of China's economic incentives, and a lack of coordination among related ministries and agencies. Originality/Value: The study underscores the need on GMF issues should focus more on the prioritization of GMF programs. Additionally, relevant ministries and agencies need to establish realistic priorities within the GMF program, considering current budgetary constraints and the socio-political and economic landscape, to effectively achieve the GMF vision

Indonesia's Strategic Interest in High-Speed Rail Cooperation with China: Analyzing the Jakarta-Bandung Project Under Jokowi's Infrastructure Vision

This study examines Indonesia's strategic interests in cooperating with China on high-speed rail development, focusing on the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway project initiated under President Joko Widodo's administration. Using a national interest as a theoretical framework, the research analyses how this flagship infrastructure project aligns with Indonesia's broader development goals and foreign policy objectives. This research uses qualitative approach through a comprehensive review of government policies, official statements, and expert analyses, the study explores the economic, political, and technological motivations behind Indonesia's engagement with China's Belt and Road Initiative in the railway sector. The study reveals that the project serves as a linchpin for Indonesia’s infrastructure-driven development agenda under President Joko Widodo, embodying ambitions of modernization and economic growth. By significantly reducing travel time between Jakarta and Bandung, the project aims to boost economic activities and regional connectivity, aligning with Indonesia's goals to foster development in its urban and industrial sectors. In addition, strategically, partnering with China under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) reflects Indonesia's geopolitical balancing act, where it leverages international partnerships to access advanced technology and substantial funding. The collaboration not only facilitates technology transfer, thereby building local expertise, but also contributes to Indonesia’s regional aspirations, positioning the country as a leader in modern infrastructure within Southeast Asia. The findings reveal a complex interplay of domestic infrastructure needs, regional strategic considerations, and aspirations for technological advancement driving Indonesia's decision-making. This research contributes to the understanding of emerging economies' approaches to large-scale infrastructure partnerships and the evolving dynamics of Sino-Indonesian relations in the context of China's growing influence in Southeast Asia.

An integrated food management framework: A preventive measure for food scarcity during the Prabowo Subianto administration

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reported in 2024 that Indonesia is at risk of facing a future food crisis if adequate food supply is not ensured. A critical aspect of food management in Indonesia lies in its management systems. Thus, this study aims to review the extent to which food management under the Joko Widodo administration has been integrated to address food shortages. Further, this study will develop an integrated food management system as an alternative to prevent food scarcity during the Prabowo Subianto administration. The methodology involves a literature review and in-depth interviews with stakeholders involved in managing the national food reserve. Findings indicate that food management in Indonesia remains fragmented and lacks integration between central and local governments, hindering effective food management during periods of scarcity. Based on an online website, the proposed integrated food management framework aims to simplify national food management and prevent food shortages.

Anti-Corruption Activism on Social Media: Public Voices against the Weakening of the Corruption Eradication Committee (KPK) in the Joko Widodo Era

Joko Widodo's commitment in terms of eradicating corruption in Indonesia is very low, this is shown through the neglect of public voices on social media in the discourse of weakening the KPK. This study aims to explain the widespread public rejection of all efforts to weaken the KPK and analyze the factors that cause the government to choose to be ambiguous and lead to neglect. This research uses observation methods, documentation, literature studies and big data analysis. The study presents a different perspective from research that has discussed social media activism towards the weakening of anti-corruption institutions in Indonesia. The results of this study found that anti-corruption activism on social media was effective, such as the use of hashtags, coherent logic and credible actors, contributing to the rejection of the revision of the KPK Law and the dismissal of KPK employees through the National Insight Test. However, the massive anti-corruption movement on social media has no impact on the Joko Widodo administration's policymaking in the field of eradicating corruption, this paper also reveals the strong dominance of the political elite in policy making. The conclusion of this article is that the effectiveness of movements on social media to cause public unrest does not necessarily have an impact on decision-making made by state organizers.

Waqf Exchange in Four Mazhabs of Jurisprudence: A Case Study of Infrastructure Projects in Indonesia

The infrastructure development program planned by the Joko Widodo administration in several regions, especially in Purbalingga and Tegal, displaced several waqf lands. This study analyzes the process of waqf exchange in the project from the perspective of the four madhhabs. This research uses a comparative approach by comparing several opinions of the scholars of the fiqh schools of thought on waqf swaps on the same side and, at the same time, also explaining the different sides. What is interesting in the discussion is the solution offered by replacing the waqf land with other land, even though Waqf has a primary principle in its administration, namely, the principle of Waqf must remain eternal (ta'bid al-asl). The theory of benefit becomes an analytical tool for developing a mindset regarding waqf exchange. This research yields the following conclusions. First, waqf management can change according to the public interest as long as the purpose of the Waqf is still to the expectations of the Waqf. Second, waqf exchange is the best solution when there is no other way, as long as the replacement is at least the previous Waqf.

Regulatory Capture by Corporations, Liberalization of Industrial Forest Sector and Deforestation in Indonesia

This study was motivated by the proliferation of forest management businesses for industrial interests. The issuance of the Industrial Plantation Forest policy has benefited pulp and paper corporations, which can be observed from both the rapidly increasing amount of production and the area used under corporate land management, which has even exceeded the amount of land used as regulated by existing regulations.There were three problems that this study seeks to address. Firstly, how had the Industrial Plantation Forest policies during the administrations of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo impacted P.T. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper and local communities. Secondly, in what ways the policy had caused deforestation, especially on peatlands. Thirdly, how had the state, as the policy maker, maintained the social life of the communities to reduce conflicts that would disrupt production, particularly in Riau. This study show that the industrial plantation forest policies had benefited pulp and paper corporations, that rely on wood as raw materials, by providing various facilities and subsidies from the government. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration issued a lot more policies that benefited corporations than Joko Widodo's administration. Meanwhile, Joko Widodo in its first period administration attempted to make amendment by making a moratorium policy that temporarily suspended the issuance of new forest and land management permits. In addition, the Joko Widodo administration also introduced a social forestry policy that allowed communities to own forestry management land. However, during the second period of his administration, forestry policies, again, had benefited corporations, especially with the issuance of the Job Creation Law which gave rise to many protests from the public.Fred Block’s in his book “the Revising State theory” to the conclusion that the business community has a strong influence on the formation of state policy and that business people seek government’s assistance to support their profit-seeking activities through various policies. The policies are in the form of trade protection, subsidy programs, tax benefits, punitive treatment of strikers, contracts from the government, and so on. However, Block also believes that other than providing support to corporations to accumulate capital, the government must also maintain social stability both as a protection for business confidence and because the government wants to maintain its power. Social forestry policy, for example, is aimed at reducing social conflicts by providing access to communities with cultivated land to improve their welfare.

Religious Moderation in the Presiden Joko Widodo Administration: Tools for Religious Harmony or Politics?

Religious moderation has always been promoted and socialized by the government to all elements of society, especially by the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia since 2016. However, repression continues against a certain religion and group. This article discusses whether religious moderation is successful or not as an effective tool for strengthening interreligious tolerance and confusion in order to create a just and peaceful state in the era of the Joko Widodo administration. The research used content analysis methods from eleven online news media outlets with a historical case study approach. The results showed that the religious moderation under President Joko Widodo is contrary to the spirit of tolerance and anti-violence, which is the main principle of moderation. There is a considerable amount of persecution, violence, and disobedience directed towards individuals or groups that associate with Islamists or apply Islamic rules to themselves or their groups due to the top-down approach of implementation design, lack of human resources, and lack of monitoring of religious moderation indicators. Furthermore, there is a call for religious moderation to be exercised in a more balanced and impartial manner towards certain groups while at the same time being more restrictive towards certain other groups.

Policy construction of the Constitution of the Republic Indonesia political system rergarding the implementation of the president's prerogative in the appointment of ministers in the era of Joko Widodo administration

The prerogative of the President in appointing a minister is defined by the 1945 Constitution. The research uses an empirical legal approach method to analyze the practical implications and real-world applications of constitutional provisions, examining the political and legal impacts of these appointments, and exploring the broader socio-political context of such decisions within the framework of Indonesia's evolving political landscape under President Joko Widodo's administration. This paper focuses on the theoretical and practical implications of the 1945 constitution and the concept of a legal state as the law that serves as the foundation of governance and must be complied with in exercising power, bridges the gap between despotic absolutism and the advanced development of constitutionalism, thus leading to the formation of constitutional law.

Analysis of Elite Contestation and Political Base of the GOLKAR Party during the 2014-2016 Joko Widodo Administration

This study aims to examine the elite contestation and political base of the GOLKAR Party during the 2014-2016 Joko Widodo administration. From this analysis, the following novelties are observed. Firstly, elite contestation often evaluates the power struggle only, although it is presently analyzed with its socio-political base. Secondly, the existing study of elite cooperation and competition prioritizes the experience of liberal democracies in the Western tradition, requiring elite autonomy from the state. In this case, the elites in the GOLKAR competition and cooperation are interrelated with the state. Thirdly, elite theory is presently used with contestation in political party organizations despite relevant implementation not being performed after tracing and exploring bibliometrics with the VOSviewer application. These three studies show that only strong party institutions and elite adaptation are required in the new system during a political transition. In the qualitative study, the elites successfully build networks and cooperate with government elites and organizations, which also possess the popularity, leadership, reputation, and capital to succeed in contestation using quantitative data.

Fast-Track Legislation: The Transformation of Law-Making Under Joko Widodo’s Administration

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Since the end of 2019, the President and the House of Representatives had performed different legislative functions. Since the Law on the Commission Eradication Commission was amended, legislation had dramatically been transformed. Several laws have been passed and amended quickly. This study discusses three legal issues. <em>First,</em> the conceptual limitation of fast-track legislation in Indonesia. <em>Second</em>, the rationale behind fast-track legislation under Joko Widodo's administration. <em>Third</em>, the impact of fast-track legislation under Joko Widodo's administration. In this <em>socio-legal</em> study, a qualitative analysis is conducted. This study has identified that (1) fast-track legislation in Indonesia can only be adopted through <em>Perpu</em> with all its exemptions and exceptions; (2) the transformation of law-making under Joko Widodo's administration is associated with political pragmatism, political personalization, the elimination of the opposition, and cartel parties; and (3) the transformation of law-making under Joko Widodo's administration is detrimental to the future of Indonesia's democracy. The transformation has degraded the quality of deliberation in law-making. Besides, it does not adhere to law-making procedures, resulting in elitist and conservative laws.<em></em></p></div><p><em><br clear="all" /></em></p>

Unraveling Indonesia's Diplomacy in the Pacific Region

This research aims to examine Indonesia's diplomacy in the Pacific Region, specifically during the Joko Widodo administration, focusing on the period spanning the last two decades. Emphasizing the significance of the Pacific Region in Indonesia's current foreign policy, the study employs qualitative research methods, utilizing international relations analysis, to explore diplomatic and cooperative efforts. Data for this study are derived from extensive literature reviews, including journals, books, regulations, and internet sources. The findings indicate that Indonesia, through its "look east" policy, has increasingly considered the Pacific Region pivotal for economic development, connectivity, and security. Notably, Indonesian diplomacy in the Pacific has evolved, with recent efforts showcased during Indonesia's chairmanship in Asean and the Asean-43 Summit. The latter has positioned the Pacific/Indo-Pacific Region as the Epicentrum of Growth, emphasizing its centrality for development and connectivity with ASEAN member countries and dialogue partner nations, such as China, Japan, and South Korea. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the evolving nature of Indonesia's diplomacy in the Pacific Region, offering insights into the country's strategic approach to fostering relations, economic development, and regional cooperation.

Indonesia's Foreign Policy Towards Malaysia And Thailand Regarding Rohingya Refugees In Indonesia During The Early Years Of President Joko Widodo's Administration

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki bagaimana Indonesia menanggapi Malaysia dan Thailand terkait pengungsi Rohingya selama awal kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo. Dalam menganalisis permasalahan ini, konsep pengungsi dan politik luar negeri digunakan sebagai kerangka penelitian. Pendekatan kualitatif diambil dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa politik luar negeri Indonesia menerapkan pendekatan multilateral dengan mengadakan pertemuan bersama negara asal, negara transit, dan negara tujuan untuk mengatasi masalah migran tidak teratur, khususnya dengan Malaysia dan Thailand. Indonesia memutuskan untuk secara aktif berpartisipasi dalam pertemuan yang diselenggarakan oleh Malaysia, Thailand, dan Indonesia sendiri. Meskipun pertemuan tersebut tidak sepenuhnya menyelesaikan permasalahan pengungsi Rohingya di Indonesia, namun setidaknya membantu mengurangi jumlah pengungsi Rohingya yang memasuki wilayah perairan Indonesia. Selain itu, bantuan yang diberikan oleh Amerika Serikat dalam pertemuan di Bangkok turut berkontribusi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan dasar pengungsi Rohingya di Aceh. Abstract: This study aims to explore Indonesia's diplomatic approach towards Malaysia and Thailand concerning Rohingya refugees in Indonesia during the early tenure of President Joko Widodo. To analyze this issue, the research employs the concepts of refugees and foreign policy. Utilizing secondary data, this qualitative study reveals that Indonesia's foreign policy adopts a multilateral strategy by engaging in meetings with countries of origin, transit, and destination to address the challenges of irregular migration, particularly with Malaysia and Thailand. Indonesia opted to actively participate in meetings organized by the governments of Malaysia and Thailand and its own government. Although these meetings did not entirely resolve the issues related to Rohingya refugees in Indonesia, they contributed to alleviating the problem by reducing the influx of Rohingya refugees into Indonesian waters. Furthermore, the assistance provided by the United States during the Bangkok meeting played a role in meeting the basic needs of Rohingya refugees in Aceh.

Dynamics between Actors and Interest Groups in an Environmental Politics Perspective: Case Study of Food Estate Development in Kalimantan

This research is aimed at understanding the dynamics between actors in the national food barn project during the Joko Widodo administration in Central Kalimantan for the 2020-2023 period. Through qualitative research, the research focus was carried out by analyzing several indicators using actor and interest group theory from a political ecology perspective. This research reveals that the food estate policy carried out by the government in Central Kalimantan was carried out without clear regulations and was carried out haphazardly, the actors and interest groups involved, namely the government, the private sector, civil society alliances. Based on field findings, there is a relationship between the private sector and political elites who occupy positions in government. . This research reveals the pattern of relations between government and the private sector in implementing food estate policy and also the main issues at play. Meanwhile, civil society alliance groups act as opposing groups that play an important role as critics of this policy. There are two issues on the main agenda which are strong reasons for this group to have a different attitude to the government

The Epistemic Discourse of Religious Moderation (Moderasi Beragama) in Indonesia

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="ZH-CN">Since its early beginning, the “Religious Moderation” <i>(Moderasi
 Beragama)</i> has been a disputed controversy in the making of its epistemic
 discourses among parties of religious authorities of Islamic organisations,
 particularly <i>Nahdlatul Ulama</i> <i>(N.U.)</i>, <i>Muhammadiyah</i>, and
 Islamic-based political parties. The issues following controversies are
 political bias due to the principles of Religious Moderation that are close to
 the characteristics of <i>Islam Nusantara</i> (Archipelagical Islam) of
 Nahdlatul Ulama, the close ally of the ruling regime. This research discusses
 the epistemic discourse of Religious Moderation based on the genealogical
 studies of Michel Foucault. Joko Widodo's administration constructed
 "Religious Moderation" as a system of knowledge and political ethics,
 even a “state ideology” in maintaining a </span>peaceful<span lang="ZH-CN"> religious life and
 articulating Indonesian Islam. This research reveals that "Religious
 Moderation" epistemically refers to ethical values for Indonesian politics
 concerning the nature of Indonesian history and its societal identities of
 diversity <i>(Kebhinekaan)</i>, ethnicity, religion, languages, and beliefs,
 including varieties of Indonesian Islam. <i>Nahdlatul Ulama </i>and Joko
 Widodo's administration share the same interests in maintaining a peaceful
 religious life and nationalism. </span><o:p></o:p></p>

Major Power in the Making: Analisis Komprehensif Status Indonesia dalam Hirarki Politik Internasional, 2014-2024

Indonesia’s status as a middle power has become a commonsense in contemporary International Relations (IR) literature. Existing scholarships on this topic rely on a behavioral approach, emphasizing foreign policy characteristics in defining Indonesia’s status. Other scholars employ a material approach, measuring Indonesia’s economic as well as military capabilities. Previous studies have tended to overlook social and psychological elements of Indonesia’s international standing. This paper argues that Indonesia’s status cannot be determined by partial perspectives. Rather, it requires a comprehensive analysis by incorporating material, behavioral, social, and psychological elements to determine Indonesia’s status at the global level. Based on a comprehensive analysis of Indonesia’s foreign policy during Joko Widodo administration (2014-2024), this paper contends that Indonesia can be classified as an intermittent major power, that is, a country that not only aspires to be a major power but also asccending the hierarchy of international politics. In other words, Indonesia is a major power in the making. This idea supports the claim that Indonesia has a great power mentality stemming from its glorious past. This explains why Indonesia’s foreign policy frequently exhibits great power aspirations.

Not So Ambitious? Indonesia’s Coal Dependence Amidst The Era of Energy Transition

Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement to combat climate change and pledged to reduce its carbon emissions. This commitment, however, contrasts Indonesia's development plan under Joko Widodo's administration. His policy has enabled the development of additional power plants, hence perpetuating Indonesia's reliance on coal. Thus, it is essential to examine why Indonesia is still struggling to break free from its dependence on coal, despite its ambitious goal to tackle climate change. This paper will apply the Copenhagen School's securitisation theory to explore how security is defined and shapes Indonesia's energy transition process. Furthermore, this research will use distributive and procedural justice theory to examine the decision-making process and climate change policy implementation. In order to accomplish so, we will employ qualitative methods such as desk studies, which will comprise academic literature as well as government statements and regulations. This paper argues that Indonesia's energy transition is impeded by how other security issues are prioritised above climate change. In addition, the lack of justice principles in the climate policy formulation and implementation has contributed to Indonesia's reliance on coal. Since Indonesia is the world's largest coal exporter and one of the top ten global polluters, this study intends to contribute to identifying challenges in the transition to renewable energy.Keywords: Indonesia; coal dependence; energy transition; securitisation; distributive and procedural justice

Maneuvering between two interests: Islam and Indonesia’s global identity the Joko Widodo Administration in 2014-2019

This article discusses how the leadership of the first era of Indonesian President Joko Widodo (2014-2019) managed Islam as one aspect of his country’s identity in the global arena. The authors argue that two things influenced the image of Indonesian Islam in the Widodo era. First is the domestic pressure to reclaim the trust of Islamic political groups. Second is a global interest to maintain the status quo as a country with moderate Islamic characteristics that is also active in pursuing world peace. To do this, the authors use a two-level game point of view that sees the constellation of domestic politics and then relates it to how theWidodo government carries out its foreign diplomatic strategy. This article finds that the Widodo administration in the first era could balance the interests of creating an image of a friendly government to Islamic groups. On the other hand, it can also fulfil its commitment to engage in diplomacy as a middle power through strategies dominated by results oriented bilateralism.

GREEN HOTELS DEVELOPMENT POLICY AS A LOW CARBON TOURISM DEVELOPMENT EFFORT IN INDONESIA

This research analyzes the implementation of the green hotel development policy as a low-carbon tourism development effort in Indonesia during the era of President Joko Widodo's administration. This paper discusses what is meant by green hotel development, low carbon tourism development, and climate change risk management. This research is qualitative descriptive research that analyzes secondary data with a cross-sectional study design. The results of this study show that the Government of Indonesia has called for four strategic steps in dealing with climate change. Ensuring that all countries contribute to tackling climate change; mobilizing the potential of the community to raise awareness in dealing with and implementing actions related to climate change; Strengthening global partnerships by prioritizing capacity building cooperation in dealing with climate change for countries in the Pacific region; besides that, there are also four other efforts that have been carried out, namely the government targeting greenhouse gas reduction, the law on environmental protection and management, and the development plan national medium term, or RPJMN; establishing the management agency for environmental funds; national economic recovery; and food estate. Examples of hotels implementing green hotels in Indonesia are Borobudur Hotel Jakarta, Greenhost Boutique Hotel Yogyakarta, etc.

HARMONIZING THE CONCEPT OF OMNIBUS LAW AS A REGULATORY SOLUTION FOR EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION

The quality of human resources is one of the factors that hinder the improvement of the competitiveness of education. Regulatory issues are related to several fields of education that often transform rules that do not improve intellectual quality in the midst of a pandemic. Based on changes in President Joko Widodo's administration, the Working Cabinet separated the Ministry of Education and Culture from the Higher Education Education and merged under the Ministry of Research and Technology under Minister Nadiem Makarim. Therefore the higher education cycle in tertiary institutions is now under the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Often it may have implementation problems and conflicts between agencies and law enforcement starting with the quality of the applicable regulations. As a result, the regulations and rules of the authorities do not accommodate an increase in the climate of competitiveness of domestic education, but this article conveys a message that the government needs to work out a solution to improve laws through the Omnibus Law. The existence of Omnibus Law is well known in legal theories that are studied in the introduction of legal science in the flow of existing legal systems. The Omnibus Law theory originates from a country that adheres to a common law system even though the Indonesian state itself adheres to a civil law system. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to understand the Omnibus Law and its use to fix regulatory problems in Indonesia.

Sentiment Analysis of Public Responses on Indonesia Government Using Naïve Bayes and Support Vector Machine

Many people are interested in knowing how the public views President Joko Widodo's administration. Text Mining analysis can be one way to collect and analyze text data about Joko Widodo's administration and extract relevant information from the data. Data was obtained by collecting tweet data about Joko Widodo's government in 2022 on Twitter using Netlyitic. Then the Text Mining analysis of Joko Widodo's government was carried out using the Navie Bayes (NVB) classification and Support Vector Machine (SVM). This classification can be used to predict sentiment or public views of the government based on the tweets collected. Based on a case study of the classification results of President Joko Widodo using Naive Bayesian classification, we obtained a precision value of 79%, a recall value of 91% and a precision value of 82%. And by using SVM, we get 85% precision, 95% recall, and 83% precision. Due to the high accuracy, recall, and precision, it can be said that SVM classification is more accurate than NVB.