Widespread Lockdowns Research Articles

Can We Detect Urban‐Scale CO2 Emission Changes Within Medium‐Sized Cities?

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a widespread lockdown during the spring of 2020. Measurements collected on a light rail system in the Salt Lake Valley (SLV), combined with observations from the Utah Urban Carbon Dioxide Network observed a notable decrease in urban CO2 concentrations during the spring of 2020 relative to previous years. These decreases coincided with a ∼30% reduction in average traffic volume. CO2 measurements across the SLV were used within a Bayesian inverse model to spatially allocate anthropogenic emission reductions for the first COVID‐19 lockdown. The inverse model was first used to constrain anthropogenic emissions for the previous year (2019) to provide the best possible estimate of emissions for 2020, before accounting for emission reductions observed during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The posterior emissions for 2019 were then used as the prior emission estimate for the 2020 COVID‐19 lockdown analysis. Results from the inverse analysis suggest that the SLV observed a 20% decrease in afternoon CO2 emissions from March to April 2020 (−90.5 tC hr−1). The largest reductions in CO2 emissions were centered over the northern part of the valley (downtown Salt Lake City), near major roadways, and potentially at industrial point sources. These results demonstrate that CO2 monitoring networks can track reductions in CO2 emissions even in medium‐sized cities like Salt Lake City.

P.058 Reasons for withholding tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) administration during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary stroke centre

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, including Canada. Treatments for stroke are time dependent and IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke decreases the chance of disability at 90 days if given within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic was initially associated with a decrease in acute stroke treatment with thrombolysis across North America. These decreases seemed transient, with a rebound in numbers seen in other provinces across Canada as widespread lockdown orders were lifted. However, a rebound in thrombolysis was not seen at Royal University Hospital (RUH) in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan during the same period. We will analyze documented reasons why thrombolysis was withheld. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients with ischemic strokes presenting within 4.5 hours of symptom onset to the RUH from March 2019 –January 2021. We received a waiver of consent from the Research Ethics Board. Results: 128 patients met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis is currently ongoing. Conclusions: Initial results suggest that there are similar reasons for withholding tPA before and after the Covid-19 pandemic. The main reasons include rapidly resolving/resolved symptoms and a documented tPA exclusion criterion.

COVID‐19: The disease, the vaccine and the heart

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has fundamentally affected the health, healthcare delivery and daily life in all populations and age groups in Australia. The aim of this report is to summarise how it has affected the paediatric population with an emphasis on, but not limited to, the cardiac manifestations. A literature review and appraisal of data relating to SARS-CoV-2 cardiac manifestations and vaccination in the paediatric population was undertaken.The majority of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection recover well. However, a very small proportion may develop severe acute disease. In the sub-acute phase, children may also develop a Kawasaki like illness, Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. Whilst not directly cardiac in nature, SARS-CoV-2 also affected children in other profound ways. Public health measures with widespread lockdowns appeared to disproportionately affect the paediatric population causing physical deconditioning and psychological harm. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has proven to be safe and effective, but the small rate of complications did disproportionately affect teenage children with risks of myocarditis and pericarditis. The long term outcomes following myocarditis related to SARS-Cov-2 vaccination are yet to be clarified. When treating children in the era of SARS-CoV-2, Paediatricians need to be well aware of the risks of infection in the acute and sub-acute phases, have a good understanding of the well-established recommendations for vaccination, and also be cognisant of psychological impacts.

Pandemic lockdown, isolation, and exit policies based on machine learning predictions.

The widespread lockdowns imposed in many countries at the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic elevated the importance of research on pandemic management when medical solutions such as vaccines are unavailable. We present a framework that combines a standard epidemiological SEIR (susceptible–exposed–infected–removed) model with an equally standard machine learning classification model for clinical severity risk, defined as an individual's risk of needing intensive care unit (ICU) treatment if infected. Using COVID‐19–related data and estimates for France as of spring 2020, we then simulate isolation and exit policies. Our simulations show that policies considering clinical risk predictions could relax isolation restrictions for millions of the lowest risk population months earlier while consistently abiding by ICU capacity restrictions. Exit policies without risk predictions, meanwhile, would considerably exceed ICU capacity or require the isolation of a substantial portion of population for over a year in order to not overwhelm the medical system. Sensitivity analyses further decompose the impact of various elements of our models on the observed effects. Our work indicates that predictive modeling based on machine learning and artificial intelligence could bring significant value to managing pandemics. Such a strategy, however, requires governments to develop policies and invest in infrastructure to operationalize personalized isolation and exit policies based on risk predictions at scale. This includes health data policies to train predictive models and apply them to all residents, as well as policies for targeted resource allocation to maintain strict isolation for high‐risk individuals.

Changes in consumption behavior in Mexico in relation to exercise, mental health and diet during the COVID-19 confinement

The impact of COVID-19 was felt immediately, due to the widespread lockdown and social distancing measures taken by all governments globally; manifesting different attitudes taken by people during confinement, the research aims to know if there are differences in the behavior of Mexican men and women specifically in relation to psychological factors such as exercise and mental health and cultural factors specifically regarding the diet that people had during a period of confinement due to COVID-19. A descriptive research was carried out with a quantitative approach, to a sample of 1007 subjects nationwide, 64% women and 36% men. Data analysis was done using the SPSS version 25 statistical package. For the descriptive analysis, each of the attitudinal phrases of the instrument that were evaluated under a Likert scale were taken, nested under the top two box and bottom two method, thus obtaining an ordinal scale variable. To verify the hypotheses, an analysis of variances was carried out, as well as a correlation analysis (Pearson). The study reveals that the daily coexistence to which individuals were subjected due to the isolation produced by the COVID-19 pandemic, has caused both men and women to have similar behaviors, modifying their consumption habits, in order to improve health and stay physically and mentally healthy, it can not be predicted if these behaviors will persist when the pandemic has ended and people return to their daily activities outside the home but yes, it gives a vision of how people have adapted to this situation.

TECHNOLOGY AS A COPING TOOL IN PANDEMIC: LEARNINGS FROM THE PRESENT, SUGGESTIONS FOR THE NEXT

Due to social conventions that encourage social isolation and widespread lockdowns, the Covid-19 pandemic had inevitably resulted in a rise in the usage of digital devices. Worldwide, individuals and organisations have had to adapt to new ways of living and working. We examine potential outcomes of the digital upsurge and the related research problems. Organizations and educational institutions are converting to work-from-home policies as a result of increased digitalization (WFH). Blockchain technology will grow in importance, necessitating design and regulatory studies. The number of contract workers and the collaborative economy is anticipated to grow, raising issues with how work is distributed, how people collaborate, how people are motivated, and how work overload and reduced absenteeism are affected. With more people online, issues like workplace surveillance and technostress will surface. The effects and causes of the digital literacy may be studied. Internet freedom and zero-rating proposals will also necessitate study. The impact and repercussions of internet shutdowns, which are often used by nations, will also be a major research topic. In times of crisis, electronic money also takes relevance; research will be done on its acceptance, effects, and manner. With more people using the internet, privacy and espionage issues are becoming more important. In light of this, we anticipate that information systems will be used in a similar manner for a while into the conceivable future as they were during the lockdown. Our evaluation of these effects is predicated on the idea that, prior to the pandemic, a digital transformation was already in progress, and that, as a result of the lockdowns, it will take certain shapes. Lockdowns had resulted in an increase in the use of networks and information systems, as well as substantial changes in usage patterns and attitude. The alterations also came quickly, giving organisations and people little opportunity to plan, get ready, and put new configurations and arrangements in place. We look at various situations the increase in information technology pre-& post pandemic.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia after COVID-19 infection: a coincidence or a second hit

Since the advent of COVID-19 in 2019, the virus has affected all age groups and has a very wide clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic infection to serious life-threatening complications including multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in children. The virus tends to affect all organ systems including the hematological system. There are many contradictory views on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of hematological malignancies. Some studies have shown an increased incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after COVID-19 infection supporting the Greaves two-hit hypothesis of leukemogenesis, while others have shown a decline in the incidence of ALL postulated to be due to widespread lockdown and decreased exposure to environmental pathogens. We report the cases of three children who were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia shortly after the initial diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or COVID related transient erythroblastopenia of childhood.

Trends in Screen Time Use Among Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic, July 2019 Through August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread lockdowns and school closures that may have affected screen time among children. Although restrictions were strongest early in the pandemic, it is unclear how screen time changed as the pandemic progressed. To evaluate change in children's screen time from before the pandemic to during the pandemic, from July 2019 through August 2021. This is a longitudinal cohort study with repeated measures of screen time collected before the pandemic and during 2 pandemic periods. Children aged 4 to 12 years and their parent were enrolled in 3 pediatric cohorts across 3 states in the US participating in the Environmental Influences of Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Data analysis was performed from November 2021 to July 2022. COVID-19 pandemic period: prepandemic (July 2019 to March 2020), pandemic period 1 (December 2020 to April 2021), and pandemic period 2 (May 2021 to August 2021). The primary outcomes were total, educational (not including remote school), and recreational screen time assessed via the ECHO Child Media Use questionnaire. Linear mixed-effects models were used for screen time adjusted for child's age, number of siblings, sex, race, ethnicity, and maternal education. The cohort included 228 children (prepandemic mean [SD] age, 7.0 [2.7] years; 100 female [43.9%]) with screen time measured during the prepandemic period and at least once during the pandemic period. Prepandemic mean (SD) total screen time was 4.4 (3.9) hours per day and increased 1.75 hours per day (95% CI, 1.18-2.31 hours per day) in the first pandemic period and 1.11 hours per day (95% CI, 0.49-1.72 hours per day) in the second pandemic period, in adjusted models. Prepandemic mean (SD) recreational screen time was 4.0 (3.5) hours per day and increased 0.89 hours per day (95% CI, 0.39-1.39 hours per day) in the first pandemic period and 0.70 hours per day (95% CI, 0.16-1.25 hours per day) in the second pandemic period. Prepandemic mean (SD) educational screen time was 0.5 (1.2) hours per day (median [IQR], 0.0 [0.0-0.4] hours per day) and increased 0.93 hours per day (95% CI, 0.67-1.19 hours per day) in the first pandemic period and 0.46 hours per day (95% CI, 0.18-0.74 hours per day) in the second pandemic period. These findings suggest that screen time among children increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and remained elevated even after many public health precautions were lifted. The long-term association of increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic with children's health needs to be determined.

Impact of COVID-19 on the Reported Case Volume of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellows in the United States.

The impact of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on reported case volume during orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship training remains poorly understood from a national perspective. It was hypothesized that reported case volume during orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship training would decrease during the 2019-2020 academic year, which corresponded to the COVID-19 outbreak. It was also hypothesized that there would be a subsequent rebound in case volume during the 2020-2021 academic year. Cohort study. Reported mean case volumes were extracted for 4 academic years (2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021), and year-over-year percentage changes were calculated. Parametric tests were used for interyear comparisons. There was a 7% decrease in mean ± SD case volume between the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 academic years (339 ± 123 vs 316 ± 108; P = .042). Case categories with the greatest percentage declines were foot and ankle (-20%), knee instability (-11%), meniscus (-8%), and glenohumeral instability (-7%). There was a 13% year-over-year increase in case volume between the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 academic years (316 ± 108 vs 357 ± 117; P < .001). There was a slight decrease in total orthopaedic sports medicine case volume during the 2019-2020 academic year, corresponding to widespread lockdowns during the COVID-19 outbreak. Certain case categories experienced the greatest negative impact. Results from this study may inform accrediting bodies and surgical educators on the impact of future disruptions to health care delivery.

Relationship between physical performance and mental health in community-living elderly people

BACKGROUND: Aging is a sensitive period in human life, in which people are at increased risk of developing chronic illness, isolation, and lack of social protection and their autonomy is threatened due to their physical and mental disabilities. Widespread lockdown and preventative measures have made elderly individuals homebound and experienced limited access to physical performance and mental health care. Mental health problems in the elderly are the result of a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between physical performance and mental health (stress, anxiety, and depression) in community-living elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physical performance was assessed by physical performance test (PPT) and mental health was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to find the relationship between variables. RESULTS: Twenty-eight urban and semi-urban community-living elderly people participated in this study. A statistically significant negative correlation was found (1) between PPT and anxiety (r = −0.386, P = 0.042) and (2) between PPT and depression (r = −0.376 and P = 0.045). There was also a weak negative correlation between PPT and stress level (r = −0.243 and P = 0.212), but the same was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that individuals with higher physical performance have less anxiety and depression symptoms among community-living elderly people.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the inflow of FDI into Indian economy

Covid-19 has battered the global economy causing the worst recession since The Great Depression of the 1930s. By the end of 2020, the worlds GDP maybe about 7.5% lower than it would have been without the pandemic. Globally more than 15% of the young people who were in work before the Covid-19 have lost their jobs. Widespread lockdowns have caused changes that were already affecting the world economy in technology, finance and trade. With great deal of uncertainty in the transactional space, investors are now more cautious before making any making any significant transactions. Global FDI flows fell by more than 49% in the first half of 2020 and even under the most optimistic scenario after the economic support policy measures by the governments, the numbers don’t seem to be getting better. The developing countries are hit even worse because the sectors attracting the largest shares of FDI such as primary and manufacturing sectors are hit the worst. FDI being a critical driver of the economic growth could play an important role in supporting the economies during and after the crisis.

Համավարակային և հետհամավարակային տնտեսաֆինանսական զարգացումներն ու մարտահրավերները / Pandemic and post-pandemic economic and financial developments and challenges

The 2020 pandemic had a shock effect on the economy and the stock market. Global GDP in 2021 surpassing the pre-covid level allows the 2020 recession to be described as a ``shock depression''. High short-term unemployment accompanied by widespread lockdowns has transformed into low natural unemployment and even labor shortages. Instead, sustained low inflation gave way to high, largely supply-driven inflation in the second half of 2021. Due to the large-scale injections of the economy, especially in the countries of the Anglo-American model, the progressive growth of the stock indices largely did not disrupt the long-lasting "bullish" trend. The pandemic did not stop the growth of global banking and non-banking financial assets, with some dominance of non-banking. From the second half of 2021, in connection with the increase in inflation and interest rates, accumulation of expectations of the "Minsk moment" was recorded in the stock markets. The main reason for the slowdown in global growth in 2022 is emerging challenges that have the potential to persist and deepen in 2023. In that regard, serious efforts are required from Armenia to maintain economic growth and capital market dynamics in the current year.

Identification of the similarity of urban mobility country patterns during the period of COVID restrictions: methodology and results

The term “Black Swan” by N. Taleb (Taleb, 2007) well illustrates a sudden, negatively manifesting itself in relation to the surrounding world factor. Actively used since 2015, this concept implies a shock impact on economic and production systems, which include transport and logistics systems. COVID-19 and its negative manifestations are a good example of such a 'black swan’. The serious crisis of the world economic system, which began in February-March 2020 and lasted about 450-600 days, was caused by a total restriction of elementary physical contacts between people and any manifestations of their pedestrian and transport mobility associated with it. The widespread lockdowns served this very purpose. However, lockdowns varied across countries in terms of timing, duration, methodological approaches, the strength of restrictions, and control measures. As a result, the mobility of the urban population varied with the influence of the external environment and was not identical in different cities. This paper presents the results of comparative studies of the urban population mobility dynamics in three European cities: two cities of one country – Moscow and St. Petersburg, and another European capital – Amsterdam. At the same time, the goal was to identify the urban mobility country patterns similarity during the period of COVID restrictions. Two tasks were solved: a cross-country comparison of trends in urban population mobility during 2020-2021 and a comparison of trends in population mobility in two cities of the same country.

Tracking Openness and Topic Evolution of COVID-19 Publications January 2020-March 2021: Comprehensive Bibliometric and Topic Modeling Analysis.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak highlighted the importance of rapid access to research.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate research communication related to COVID-19, the level of openness of papers, and the main topics of research into this disease.MethodsOpen access (OA) uptake (typologies, license use) and the topic evolution of publications were analyzed from the start of the pandemic (January 1, 2020) until the end of a year of widespread lockdown (March 1, 2021).ResultsThe sample included 95,605 publications; 94.1% were published in an OA form, 44% of which were published as Bronze OA. Among these OA publications, 42% do not have a license, which can limit the number of citations and thus the impact. Using a topic modeling approach, we found that articles in Hybrid and Green OA publications are more focused on patients and their effects, whereas the strategy to combat the pandemic adopted by different countries was the main topic of articles selecting publication via the Gold OA route.ConclusionsAlthough OA scientific production has increased, some weaknesses in OA practice, such as lack of licensing or under-researched topics, still hold back its effective use for further research.

Voluntary blood donations in Navi Mumbai, India

Introduction: In India, voluntary blood donation camps (VBDCs) are a key supply of blood and its products. Conducting blood donation drives was challenging in Navi Mumbai due to the widespread lockdown during the coronavirus disease (COVID) outbreak. Study Type: This was a retrospective study. Materials and Methods: To relieve the anxieties and apprehensions of the blood donor population, extensive confidence-building efforts were required. Various safety measures and standard operating procedures were also included, as well as training for VBDC organizers and medical personnel. We studied the blood donations done at our institute on a retrospective basis from blood bank records. Results: Our study showed a 7% increase in outdoor VBDC donations in 2021 over the previous year 2020. However, according to the advice of the local transfusion council, promoting in-house donations raised their number by a stunning 33% in 2021. Conclusion: Even during the COVID pandemic, confidence-building methods and precautions helped restore VBDC’s legitimacy and increase donation numbers by a marginal extent.

Covid-19-A Baleful Aftermath for the Stocks of Indian Pharmaceutical Companies

Covid-19 catastrophe has not spared any market across the world due to widespread disruptions in its supply chain operations. In today's world, however, stock markets serve as a catalyst for a country's economic and financial development. But, with the development of Covid-19 infection and widespread lockdown in the majority of countries, its stock market has plummeted even further into the depths. Therefore, to determine whether the Covid-19 outbreak has impacted the expected return of Nifty Pharma and stock return of 3 leading pharmaceutical companies Cipla, Dr. Reddy's, and Sun Pharma in the before-Covid-19 period (1 Jan 2019 to 20 Mar 2020) and the after-Covid-19 period (23 Mar 2020 to 20 Mar 2021) this study is being carried out. The study aims to uncertain whether there exists a meaningful link between the S&amp;P CNX Nifty index's forecasted market return and the expected security return of Nifty Pharma before and after Covid-19. To evaluate the relevant hypotheses, descriptive statistics event study technique, non-parametric testing, particularly the Wilcoxon Signed test, and regression analysis were used. It was discovered that the expected returns of Nifty Pharma and the expected security returns of Cipla, Dr. Reddy's, and Sun Pharma did not vary significantly before and throughout the Covid-19 epidemic period. However, for both before and throughout the Covid-19 era, there was a link between the predicted market return of the S&amp;P CNX Nifty index and the security return of Nifty Pharma, implying that the benchmark index S&amp;P CNX Nifty was influenced by Nifty Pharma's performance.

Santé mentale et Covid : toutes et tous concernés. Une revue narrative

The COVID-19 pandemic (caused by the Sars-CoV-2 coronavirus) led to unprecedented challenges to public health, the healthcare system, and our daily lives (including work and education), particularly during the first wave in early 2020. In order to control infection of the virus, many countries have imposed restrictive measures to promote social distancing, ranging from curfews and school closures to widespread lockdown. At the beginning of 2022, there were 135,000 deaths from Sars-CoV-2 in France (nearly 6 million worldwide). Beyond the possible impact of Sars-CoV-2 on the brain, the pandemic has created complex human situations, with a possible impact on the mental health of populations. In this narrative review, we summarize current data on the impact of the pandemic on mental health in the general population and identify the most vulnerable groups. The goal is to provide more targeted prevention for these populations. Our review has identified several subgroups of subjects at higher risk of disorder in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: those bereaved by COVID-19, adolescents, students, people with COVID (with potentially direct brain damages), and finally, health care workers. Gender disparities were accentuated, leading to more mental disorders in women. Longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to better identify the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of different populations, and also to define personalized prevention strategies. Screening and prevention measures must be taken to limit the impact of this pandemic on mental health. More generally, the “one health” approach, which places human health at the interface of environmental and animal health, seems essential to avoid the occurrence of this type of pandemic and its consequences in the future.

‘You need to be flexible normally, and here, even more flexible’: teaching academics’ experiences and perceptions of Covid-19 disruptions to teaching, learning, and assessment

ABSTRACT Alongside unprecedented shifts in health care, and widespread lockdowns and stay-at-home orders, the Covid-19 pandemic brought an almost immediate shift towards digitally supported remote delivery in higher education. This paper explores the experiences and perceptions of 15 teaching academics from five universities in Victoria, Australia during this time. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with academics after they had been delivering teaching, learning and assessment remotely for a six-month period. The analysis showed that while the remote delivery environment enhanced many aspects of teaching and learning, including agile and adaptable academic skill-sets, there were challenges. The academics’ sophisticated teaching skills and experience, that were intuitively relied upon in the face-to-face setting, did not always translate to the online environment. In particular, this was noticed in terms of the relational approach to teaching and learning, including relationships, rapport, and connectedness within classes, and the absence of social formative assessment cues to evaluate learners’ understandings. Students were not asking questions in class and required additional support from academics, which subsequently increased already overburdened workloads. After considering the findings of our work and others, we provide recommendations to support high quality teaching and learning in digitally supported remote delivery.

State Building in Crisis Governance: Donald Trump and COVID-19.

State Building in Crisis Governance: Donald Trump and COVID-19.

Impact of COVID-19 related lockdown on the metabolic profile of people with HIV infection in Argentina

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 required widespread lockdown to mitigate the pandemic. Argentine authorities imposed preventive social isolation for 234 days (March 20th to November 9th 2020). This measure led to major changes in the population's lifestyle. To examine the influence of COVID-19 lockdown measures on the metabolic profile of HIV-infected patients in Argentina. Retrospective cohort study of 10,239 HIV-infected patients under follow up in a private clinic for HIV care. Adult patients with ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and a baseline determination of blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides done before lockdown (BL: second semester of 2019) and a second determination during lockdown (DL: May 2020) were included. Patients with recent changes in ART that may have metabolic impact, those starting lipid/glucose lowering agents and pregnant women were excluded. Categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables using the t-test or the Mann-Whitney test. A two-tailed value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. 540 individuals were included, median of age was 47 years and 74.6% were male. Median body mass index was 26.1 and 94.6% had low cardiovascular risk. There was a significant increase in the percentage of patients that met criteria for hyperglycemia (BL 4.8% and DL 8.5%, p < 0.001). We also observed significant (p < 0.001) increase in median (IQR) BL vs DL values in LDL-cholesterol [109 (90-128) vs 118 (97-139) mg/dL]; and triglycerides [120 (87-172) vs. 132 mg/dL (96-184)]. The proportion of patients with hyper-LDL cholesterolemia according to individual cardiovascular risk increased from 12.6 to 17.2% (p = 0.04). Our results suggest that quarantine, at least in its initial phases, may have a negative impact on the metabolic profile of this population.