Wide Host Research Articles

INFLUENCE OF NUTRIENTS SOURCE ON RADIAL GROWTH OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA (TASSI.) GOID

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is oil seed crop of India and asian countries mostly preferred due to rich in its edible oil content (50%) and protein (23%) and having sufficient carbohydrate (15%). Macrophomina phaseolina is a soil borne phytopathogenic fungus having a wide host range of about 500 cultivated and wild plant species worldwide. In the present investigation nineteen nutrients were tested against Macrophomina phaseolina at 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm concentrations that enhanced mycelial growth but lowest mycelial growth was recorded on Monoammonium phosphate and Ferrous sulphate over control. All the nutrients significantly influenced growth of test fungi when compared with control under In vitro conditions.

Prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis in the Americas: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Cryptosporidiosis is a disease caused by the Cryptosporidium spp parasite. As some species of Cryptosporidium have a wide host spectrum, the characterization of the pathogen at the species or genotype level is of great importance to define the sources of infection for humans and the potential for public health. This study investigated the diversity of the genus Cryptosporidium spp. in humans from all over the American continent and observed whether the method used to search for the parasite influenced the prevalence found in the Americas. This systematic review was carried out using the Pubmed, Science direct, Lilacs, Scielo, and Scopus databases with publications from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020. For data synthesis, the PRISMA flowchart was used and for the meta-analysis we used the MetaXL program. Of the selected publications, 57, 9 and 16 belonged to the region of South, Central and North America, respectively. The prevalence found for South, Central, and North America was 7%, 7%, and 8%, respectively, when analyzing publications that used only the microscopy method. When we analyzed the publications that used immunological and molecular methods, we found prevalences of 10%, 9%, and 21% for South, Central, and North America, respectively. The C. hominis subtype IbA10G2 was the most reported in the American continent, followed by subtype IeA11G3T3 and, for C. parvum, subtype IIaA15G2RI was the most reported. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium spp. is present throughout the American continent and its prevalence is higher when immunological and/or molecular methods are used, in addition to direct microscopic examination.

The worldwide spread of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus and Q fever: risk factors and implications forcontrol strategies of a zoonotic disease

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) orthonairovirus and Q fever are zoonotic infections. CCHF is the dominant tick borne viral infection among livestock, with a serious threat to humans as well. Wide host range and asymptomatic traits has made infection eradication difficult. In addition, low infectious dose of the virus has made it a highly pathogenic agent. CCHF is recognized as a threat to public health and public health services for its epidemic potential, high fatality rate (up to 40%), its potential for nosocomial outbreaks and difficulties in treatment, prevention and control. Q fever is also a serious health threating disease. Knowledge of causative agent ( Coxiella burnetii ) remains limited until today. The rate of CCHF and Q fever as zoonotic infections has remained high in most of regions worldwide. Hence implementation of accurate control strategies can help prevent its spread. Use of ticks’ repellants, control of livestock and wildlife movements and multinational policies are also essential in this regard. Noticeably, it is necessary to establish and empower the international surveillance fulfills to better predict, investigate and control these infectious diseases, improve the international public health infrastructure, develop enhanced international guidelines, and recommendations to improve the international capabilities toward restriction of disease outbreaks with adequate medical and scientific resources and expertise. To predict and monitor the CCHF and Q fever, regional rather than countrywide scale cooperation is necessary. Immigration/travel also remains an important factor influencing the spread of these agents. Key words: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Q fever, Zoonoses, control strategies

Receptor-Binding Specificity of Influenza Viruses.

Influenza A virus infection begins with the attachment of virus particles to sialic acid-containing receptors on the surface of host cells. This attachment is mediated by the viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA). Influenza A viruses have a wide host range, meaning they are able to infect many mammal and bird species. Influenza pandemics have been caused by viruses that contain genes from avian influenza viruses. Therefore, the infection of humans with avian influenza viruses, including avian H5Nx and H7Nx viruses, poses a huge threat to public health. These avian influenza viruses can transmit directly to humans from infected poultry, but do not spread easily among people, in part, due to differences in the receptor-binding specificities of human and avian influenza viruses. Therefore, conversion from avian- to human-type receptor-binding specificity is widely believed to be necessary for the efficient transmission of avian influenza viruses among humans. Accordingly, constant monitoring of the receptor-binding specificity of avian influenza viruses is important. In this chapter, we describe the protocol for assessing the receptor-binding specificity of influenza A viruses.

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a major insect pest of maize in India and its management : A review

Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a major pest of maize which is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas and is the key insect pest of maize in tropical region. The Fall Army Worm (FAW) was first noticed in the Indian subcontinent at Bangalore and Chikkaballapur districts during May and June 2018 and South Karnataka during the first fortnight of July 2018. Since then, it has spread to different states of India on maize. Due to its migratory behavior, wide host range, high reproductive capacity, and the absence of diapause in tropical climate it is capable of damaging crops to a serious extent and may accelerate expansion of its geographical range within the country. It causes damage up to 30 per cent yield reduction in maize crop in 10 states of India. In the context of its economic importance and destruc-tive nature, their identification, biology and life cycle, nature of damage, extent of yield loss, and management through cultural practices, mechanical, botanicals, biological and synthetic pesticides have been reviewed in detail in the present manuscript. Early planting and intercropping with nonhost crops are essential cultural practices to reduce pest incidence. Several plant species (botanicals) have shown insecticidal properties against FAW. It is therefore necessary to create awareness about the pest and its management options which is ecologically sustainable, economically profitable and socially acceptable to mitigate the impact of the fall armyworm in India.

A Novel Real Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Didymella pinodella in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plant Hosts.

Didymella pinodella is the major pathogen of the pea root rot complex in Europe. This wide host range pathogen often asymptomatically colonizes its hosts, making the control strategies challenging. We developed a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of D. pinodella based on the TEF-1 alpha gene sequence alignments. The assay was tested for specificity on a 54-isolate panel representing 35 fungal species and further validated in symptomatic and asymptomatic pea and wheat roots from greenhouse tests. The assay was highly consistent across separate qPCR reactions and had a quantification/detection limit of 3.1 pg of target DNA per reaction in plant tissue. Cross-reactions were observed with DNA extracts of five Didymella species. The risk of cross contamination, however, is low as the non-targets have not been associated with pea previously and they were amplified with at least 1000-fold lower sensitivity. Greenhouse inoculation tests revealed a high correlation between the pathogen DNA quantities in pea roots and pea root rot severity and biomass reduction. The assay also detected D. pinodella in asymptomatic wheat roots, which, despite the absence of visible root rot symptoms, caused wheat biomass reduction. This study provides new insights into the complex life style of D. pinodella and can assist in better understanding the pathogen survival and spread in the environment.

Genetic variation of Austropuccinia psidii in some species of Myrtaceae as host plants in Java, Indonesia based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers

Abstract. Faradilla FA, Prihatini I, Suranto, Susilowati A. 2022. Genetic variation of Austropuccinia psidii in some species of Myrtaceae as host plants in Java, Indonesia based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Biodiversitas 23: 256-263. Austropuccinia psidii is pathogenic rust with a wide host and is considered a biosecurity threat to the Myrtaceae family in many countries. The genetic variation of this rust in Java, Indonesia is poorly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the genetic variation among A. psidii from different Myrtaceae hosts, namely Syzygium polyanthum, S. myrtifolium, and Melaleuca cajuputi from three different locations in Java using seven simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Data were collected from 28 A. psidiisamples from three different hosts and locations in Java. The genetic variations of A. psidii were found in six isolates in locus USYD_Pp168, PpSSR161, and PpSSR195*. The results showed that the expected heterozygosity value among 12 isolates of A. psidii is 0.312. The dendrogram illustrates two clusters constructed with cluster I consisting of subcluster IA (S1, S3, S4, S5, K1, K2, K3, K4, and P1) and IB (P2); and cluster II consists of isolates S2 and S6. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) was used to demonstrate the similarity and dissimilarity among isolates based on microsatellite sites. Axis 1 and 2 explained 87.7 % of the total variations and sep a rated isolate S1, S2, S3, S4, S6 from other isolates, and grouping the rest of isolates together. The dendrogram and PCo analysis demonstrated A. psidii isolates tend to have close genetic similarity based on their host.

Analysis of efficiency variations in ν-DABNA based thermally activated delayed fluorescence OLED devices

Recently, diboron based blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material, N7,N7,N13,N13,5,9,11,15-octaphenyl-5,9,11,15-tetrahydro-5,9,11,15-tetraaza-19b, 20b-diboradinaphtho[3,2,1-de:1′,2′,3′-jk] pentacene-7,13-diamine (ν-DABNA) has drawn attention from the researchers due to its good device performances as well as narrow full-width at half maximum (FWHM) in OLED devices. In this work, we report a detailed analysis to understand the exact reason behind the efficiency variations in ν-DABNA based TADF devices using different types of host materials. Interestingly, we found that triplet exciton density of ν-DABNA molecule is mainly located at the central region, so the triplet exciton energy transfer from the host material is hindered due to the presence of peripheral diphenylamine extensions. Hence, our analysis suggests that utilizing wide band gap host materials in ν-DABNA based TADF devices exhibit excellent device efficiencies with the support of trap assisted emission mechanism. This study brings an in-depth understanding of efficiency variations in the ν-DABNA based OLED devices.

First record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage to potato: a potential pest of the crop in Pakistan

The recent introduction of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into Pakistan has resulted in millions of dollars of losses for maize production. Due to the wide host range, high fecundity, and long-distance migrations favoring fall armyworm establishment, it has the potential to cause significant damage to several crops in Pakistan. In the maize cropping system, potato is another important crop that is cultivated on vast hectares. Okara is considered the hub of both maize and potato production in Pakistan. The existence of fall armyworm on maize could possibly threaten the potato crop. To ascertain the extent of possible damage from fall armyworm, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the potato growing area of the Okara District, Punjab, Pakistan. We collected twelve larvae from potato damaged plants from three different locations lat. 30.813979o, long. 73.533934o; lat. 30.725032o, long. 73.730319o and latitude 30.646966o, long. 73.786563o. Collected larvae were identified as fall armyworm. The plants from which the larvae were collected have a visible single hole at the base of the stem, which resulted in a sudden decline of feeding tiller. To our knowledge, this is the first report of fall armyworm occurrence and its damage on potato crop in Pakistan

Platypus quercivorus . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Platypus quercivorus (Murayama). Coleoptera: Platypodidae. Hosts: Wide host range but especially Quercus spp. and other Fagaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (India, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Japan, Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Ryukyu Islands, Shikoku, Laos, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam).

Replication initiator proteins of Acinetobacter baumannii plasmids: An update note

The bioinformatic analysis that we made of 492 Acinetobacter baumannii plasmid sequences identified 418 genes encoding Replication Initiator (Rep) proteins that fell into at least fourteen groups according to the protein domains that they contained. The most abundant group of Rep proteins contained a Rep_3 superfamily domain, followed by Rep proteins containing Replicase/PriCT_1 superfamily domains, and then by Reps possessing only an HTH_MerR-SF superfamily domain. The remaining eleven groups contain only a few members. To evaluate the diversity of these Rep proteins, we classify them using the current scheme of GR homology groups, which contains 34 groups. However, we needed to create 22 additional GR homology groups to capture all the Rep protein diversity of the plasmid collection. Finally, our bioinformatic analysis suggests that a large fraction of the plasmids seem to have a restricted host range limited to Acinetobacter species, except for those belonging to GR38 that have a very wide host range. To facilitate the future analysis of the Rep proteins, we included a list of the DNA and protein sequences, in fasta format, of the representatives of each one of the GR homology groups.

Towards Determining the Epitopes of the Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2.

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, an RNA coronavirus has impacted the health and economy of all the countries. The virus has wide host adaptability and causes severe diseases in humans and animals. The major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 include spike (S), envelop (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The current vaccines are based on the S protein. The emergence of variants of SARS-CoV-2 has renewed interest in the use of additional structural proteins for the development of diagnostics and vaccines. Knowledge of B cell epitopes and MHC-I binding regions of the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 is essential in the development of effective diagnostics and therapies. This chapter provides information on the epitopes of the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2.

Isolation and characterization of Salmonella phages and phage cocktail mediated biocontrol of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in chicken meat

The consumption of foods contaminated with Salmonella continues to be a serious public health concern that can be controlled by implementation of effective measures like application of lytic bacteriophages. In this study, 21 Salmonella bacteriophages were isolated from sewage samples. On transmission electron microscopy, 15 phages were identified as Myoviridae, 05 phages as Siphoviridae, and 01 phage as Podoviridae. Based on lytic spectrum, 15 phages have very wide while 06 phages wide host range. Before testing in the meat sample, all phages were further screened for sensitivity against S. Typhimurium, the strain frequently prevalent in meat and found sensitive against 22.03–81.36% strain. For testing the efficacy of phages as a biocontrol agent, phage cocktail was applied over raw chicken meat spiked with S. Typhimurium at 25 °C and 4 °C. At MOI of 100, 1000, and 10000 a significant reduction of 1.17, 1.26, and 1.31 log10 CFU/g in the viable count of S. Typhimurium was observed at 7 h post phage application, in comparison to phage-free controls. However, at 4 °C a significant reduction of 1.29, 1.91, 2.48 log10 CFU/g was achieved after 7 days of incubation. This work intimidates the use of phages for biocontrol of S. Typhimurium in chicken meat.

Inhibition of the Growth and Development of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary by Combining Azoxystrobin, Penicillium chrysogenum VKM F-4876d, and Bacillus Strains

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a plant pathogen with a wide host range, which causes significant yield and storage losses of edible roots and other plant products. Due to its ability to sclerotia formation, the efficient control of this pathogen is complicated. The study of five Bacillus strains (B. subtilis VKM B-3154D, VKM B-3155D, VKM B-3505D, VKM B-2998D, and B. amyloliquefaciens VKM B-3153D) showed their ability to produce polyene antibiotics suppressing the growth and development of plant pathogenic fungi. The maximum concentration of polyene compounds was revealed for B. subtilis VKM B-2998D. A high in vitro antifungal activity of a dry mycelium biomass (DMP) of Penicillium chrysogenum VKM F-4876D, B. subtilis VKM B-2998D, and their combination has been demonstrated in relation to S. sclerotiorum. A combined application of DMP (0.3 g/L) and azoxystrobin at low dosage (2.5 mg/L) showed a high suppressing activity towards S. sclerotiorum (100% growth inhibition) including inhibition of a sclerotia formation that may be useful for the development of efficient methods of crop protection against this plant pathogen. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of DMP revealed the presence of mevastatin suggesting the mechanism of the DMP antifungal activity is based on the blocking of the ergosterol (the main component of fungal cell walls) biosynthesis. The results of the study provide a prerequisite to the development of biopreparations to control S. sclerotiorum, whose use may provide a reduction of concentrations of fungicides used in agriculture and the corresponding reduction of their negative xenobiotic impact on the environment and recovery of the ecological balance in the soil.

Targeted mutagenesis in plants using Beet curly top virus for efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas12a components

Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas is rapidly being developed for gene targeting in eukaryotes including plants. However, gene targeting by homology-directed DNA recombination (HDR) is an infrequent event compared to the dominant DNA repair by non-homologous end-joining. Another bottleneck is the ineffective delivery of CRISPR/Cas components into plant cells. To overcome these constraints, here a geminiviral replicon from Beet curly top virus (BCTV) has been produced with a wide host range and high DNA accumulation capacity for efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas12a components into plant cells. Initially, a BCTV replicon was prepared after removing the virion sense genes from an infectious full-length clone for agrobacterium mediated infection. This replicon expressed a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene at a high level compared to T-DNA binary vector. In transient assay, the BCTV replicon produced a higher rate of mutagenesis and HDR in the GFP transgene in Nicotiana benthamiana through efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas12a components compared to the cognate T-DNA control. This was through a range of complete or partial HDR for conversion of GFP into YFP after exchange of a single amino acid (Thr224Tyr) in the target gene. In addition, induced mutagenesis and HDR in the target gene were heritable. Thus, the BCTV replicon provides a new tool for efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas12a components that could be used in a wide range of dicotyledonous plants. The established GFP to YFP system and the GFP mutant line produced also enable further optimization and understanding of HDR in plants via CRISPR/Cas12a system using geminiviral replicons.

Parasite intensity is driven by temperature in a wild bird

Increasing awareness that parasitism is an essential component of nearly all aspects of ecosystem functioning, as well as a driver of biodiversity, has led to rising interest in the consequences of climate change in terms of parasitism and disease spread. Yet empirical knowledge on the extent and ways in which climatic factors affect parasite prevalence and intensities remains scarce. In an 18-year, multi-site, correlative study we investigated the contributions of weather variables and other factors to spatio-temporal variation in infestation by blowfly parasitic larvae (Protocalliphora spp.) in nests of Corsican blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus). We found that ambient temperature during the nestling stage is strongly and positively related to parasite load (number of parasites per chick), both across broods when controlling for year, and across years. In addition, annual mean parasite load also increased with minimal spring temperature, and decreased with increasing average temperature in the previous summer. There was no indication of a dependence of parasite dynamics on host dynamics in this system, likely due in part to the wide host range of blowflies that do not solely rely on blue tit hosts. This suggests a major effect of temperature during the blowfly life cycle, with potential implications for blowfly host interactions across their geographical range as climate keeps warming up. Finally, given that ambient temperature increases throughout the breeding season and that blowflies negatively affect survival and recruitment of blue tits, these results also mean that parasites, along with caterpillar availability, can drive selection for breeding date in this system.

Investigation of Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) by Real-Time TaqMan RT-PCR in Hakkari province, Turkey

Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) belongs to the Nepovirus genus in the family Secoviridae. It has a wide host range and is listed as a quarantine virus in Turkey. In this study, 80 leaf samples were collected from tomato, pepper, cucumber and grapevine cultivation sites located in three different parts of Hakkari province: Şemdinli, Çukurca and Center districts. Real-time TaqMan reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was used for the detection of the virus. Amplification was carried out in reaction mix including QuantiNova Probe RT-PCR kit (Qiagen, Germany) using primers and TaqMan probe based on 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of virus, which amplified a 182 bp product of the genome. ToRSV was detected in 13 of the 80 samples and threshold cycle (CT) values ranged from 23.9 to 37.4. It was found that 16.25% of the samples collected from the districts of Hakkari province were found to be infected with ToRSV whereas no ToRSV was detected in the samples collected from the center of the city. The virus was detected on pepper and cucumber samples in Çukurca district, and it was also detected in tomato, pepper, cucumber and grapevine samples in Şemdinli district. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of molecular detection of ToRSV by real-time TaqMan RT-PCR in Turkey.

A case report of transmission and disease caused by Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium bovis in Lima, Peru

BackgroundThe Tuberculosis (TB) burden in Peru is significant with respect to both disease morbidity and mortality. Furthermore the recent diversification of farming enterprise to include a wide range of animal species has necessitated the consideration of members of the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) with the potential for zoonotic transmission. M. bovis and M. caprae, a lesser known member of the MTBC exhibit an exceptionally wide host spectrum in animals and are capable of causing disease in humans. M. bovis has a predictable resistance profile which includes resistance to pyrazinamide. Thus, failure to identify M. bovis as the causative agent in reported TB cases leads to higher levels of treatment failure and contributes to the transmission of drug-resistant TB.Case presentationReported here are the clinical presentations, investigations and treatment histories of two patients identified from a population level genotyping study in Lima, Peru that were at the time of treatment thought to be M. tuberculosis patients but in retrospect were spectated using whole genome sequencing as M. caprae and M. Bovis.ConclusionsThe cases reported here constitute convincing evidence that M. caprae and M. bovis are causative agents of TB infection in humans in Peru and underscore the importance of species-level MTBC member identification to effectively control and treat zoonotic TB. Furthermore these cases highlight the challenges of using clinical risk factors to identify cases of zoonotic TB in humans as their clinical presentation and transmission history is often difficult to distinguish from anthroponotic TB.

Whole-Genome Characterization of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Obtained from Metagenomic Analysis of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis in Iran: with Implications for the Genetic Structure of the Virus.

Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), an economically important pathogen, is present worldwide with a very wide host range. This work reports for the first time the infection of Vinca minor and Wisteria sinensis with AMV using RNA sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmation. De novo assembly and annotating of contigs revealed that RNA1, RNA2, and RNA3 genomic fragments consist of 3,690, 2,636, and 2,057 nucleotides (nt) for IR-VM and 3,690, 2,594, and 2,057 nt for IR-WS. RNA1 and RNA3 segments of IR-VM and IR-WS closely resembled those of the Chinese isolate HZ, with 99.23–99.26% and 98.04–98.09% nt identity, respectively. Their RNA2 resembled that of Canadian isolate CaM and American isolate OH-2-2017, with 97.96–98.07% nt identity. The P2 gene revealed more nucleotide diversity compared with other genes. Genes in the AMV genome were under dominant negative selection during evolution, and the P1 and coat protein (CP) proteins were subject to the strongest and weakest purifying selection, respectively. In the population genetic analysis based on the CP gene sequences, all 107 AMV isolates fell into two main clades (A, B) and isolates of clade A were further divided into three groups with significant subpopulation differentiation. The results indicated moderate genetic variation within and no clear geographic or genetic structure between the studied populations, implying moderate gene flow can play an important role in differentiation and distribution of genetic diversity among populations. Several factors have shaped the genetic structure and diversity of AMV: selection, recombination/reassortment, gene flow, and random processes such as founder effects.

Sequence Analysis of an Endogenous Plasmid from Enterococcus faecalis and the Construction of Shuttle Vectors

The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the DNA sequence of the endogenous plasmid pXW from Enterococcus faecalis EXW27, and to construct an Escherichia coli/Enterococcus faecalis shuttle vector based on its minimal replicon. The endogenous plasmid pXW was isolated from E. faecalis EXW27 with good probiotic properties. The DNA sequence of pXW was determined and analyzed, and then the replicon of plasmid pXW was used to construct an Escherichia coli/Enterococcus faecalis shuttle vector. The host range, transformation efficiency and stability of the Escherichia coli/Enterococcus faecalis shuttle vector were also studied. The results showed that plasmid pXW was 8617 bp in size and its GC content was 33.29%. It contained 8 ORFs and was assumed to be θ-type replicating plasmid. The copy number of plasmid pXW in E. faecalis EXW27 was up to 32.09±0.93, indicating that pXW was a high copy number plasmid. In this study, the minimal replicon of plasmid pXW was determined, and an Escherichia coli/Enterococcus faecalis shuttle vector was constructed based on this replicon. The shuttle vector had a wide host range and was successfully transformed into different types of lactic acid bacteria. The transformation efficiency was between 1.96×102~8.96×103 CFU/μg (plasmid DNA), and the plasmid loss rate was between 28.54% and 52.82%. In this study, we successfully constructed an Escherichia coli/Enterococcus faecalis shuttle vector with wide host range, high transformation efficiency and high stability, which provides a new tool for gene manipulation of lactic acid bacteria.