Wholesome Diet Research Articles

Alcohol: a cardiovascular friend or foe?

This review comprehensively explores the multifaceted implications of alcohol consumption on health. While acknowledging the potential cardiovascular benefits of moderate alcohol intake, concerns arise with excessive use, especially related to some specific cancer types. The detailed evidence emphasizes the importance for healthcare professionals to convey a balanced message, advocating moderation for cardiovascular benefits while acknowledging potential cancer risks linked to excessive consumption. Regarding moderate consumption, the overall balance favors intake, supported by studies like the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020. The intricate risk-benefit ratio of alcohol use demands tailored explanations based on individual characteristics and habits, considering overall risk profiles for cardiovascular diseases, alcohol-related cancers (for example, breast cancer has been associated with moderate alcohol consumption, although the evidence is not conclusive), and other health issues. Factors such as age, pregnancy, cognitive tasks, and personal history influencing the likelihood of alcohol abuse should inform personalized advice on moderate alcohol consumption. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including government agencies and healthcare organizations are crucial for providing up-to-date, comprehensive information. Clinical guidelines stress the complexities of the alcohol-heart healthy relationship, advocating moderation and individualized advice. Within personalized advice, the significance of moderate alcohol consumption, particularly in the form of wine within a Mediterranean diet, is highlighted. Wine is seen as a fundamental component of a wholesome diet, aligning with healthy dietary patterns, rather than a medicinal remedy. Acknowledging wine's integration into sound nutrition contributes to heart-healthy lifestyles, in line with Mediterranean dietary traditions. Healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in guiding patients on alcohol intake, considering specific health status and risk factors. Public health campaigns focus on educating individuals to make informed choices about alcohol consumption in the broader context of cardiovascular health. In conclusion, achieving cardiovascular health without undue risks necessitates a balanced and personalized approach to alcohol consumption, guided by healthcare professionals and public health recommendations.

Sex-based Differences in Fatty Acids and Macro Elements Composition in Garfish, European Barracuda and Anglerfish from Aegean Sea, Türkiye

Background: Fish, owing to its nutritional attributes, serves as a pivotal component of a wholesome diet. The constituents found in fish, specifically macroelements and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), play a crucial role in promoting human health. This study investigates the fatty acid profiles and macro element contents of economically significant fish species, including garfish (Belone belone), European barracuda (Sphyraena sphyraena) and anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius), with a specific focus on gender-based differences. The research addresses a notable gap in existing literature, providing a comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of these species. Methods: In February 2023, marine fish species, were obtained from the Aegean Sea located between the western and southwestern shores of Türkiye and the eastern shores of Greece. A total of fifteen samples, representing each fish species and gender within the sampling area, were collected for the analysis of fatty acids and macro elements. Result: The findings of this study indicate that, regardless of fish species and gender, the major fatty acids in the SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs classes were palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n-9) and DHA (C22:6n-3), respectively. The examined species in this study exhibit average macro element levels. While PUFA, EPA and DHA values meet target levels of content for human health and quality food consumption, achieving these levels minimally implies that the studied species lack a rich fatty acid profile compared to those in prior research. Nonetheless, it is concluded that monitoring seasonal variations is essential for a comprehensive understanding of their fatty acid composition.

EXPLORING THE HOLISTIC APPROACHES FOR PROMOTING HAIR HEALTH FROM INSIGHTS OF AYURVEDA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Background: Hair health is a multifaceted aspect of human well-being, encompassing various physiological, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Numerous factors, including family history (heredity), hormonal changes during and after pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, and thyroid disorder, are known to contribute to hair illnesses in contemporary medicine. Owing to the limitations and adverse effects of modern treatment, some hopeful out-comes from Ayurveda are anticipated. According to the Ayurvedic view, disturbance of Trisdosa (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) is the main reason for common hair diseases, i.e. Aakal-Palitya, Khalitya and Darunaka with its curative and preventive methods like Pathya-Apathya, Nasya, Murdha taila, Lepa, etc. Ayurveda has a lot of potential in treating these illnesses. Aim: This abstract aim to elucidate the significance of holistic approaches in Ayurveda for promoting hair health, outlining the essential practices, routines, and lifestyle adjustments recom-mended for individuals to achieve vibrant and resilient hair. Methodology: To gather information on Ayurvedic perspectives on hair health, a comprehensive review of clas-sical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and Bhavprakash, as well as contemporary literature and clinical studies, was conducted. Discussion: Ayurveda considers hair health as a reflection of overall well-being, influenced by the balance of the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and the proper functioning of bodily tissues (Dhatus) and metabolic processes (Agnis). Daily regimens for hair care en-compass a range of practices tailored to individual constitutions and hair types. These may include oil massage (Abhyanga) of the scalp and hair with herbal oils, gentle cleansing using natural cleansers, such as herbal pow-ders (Shikakai, Reetha), maintaining scalp hygiene, nourishing the scalp, strengthening hair roots, preventing premature greying, treat conditions such as hair loss, dandruff, and scalp infections and following dietary and lifestyle guidelines conducive to hair health. Abhyanga (Massage) improves blood circulation, increasing nutri-ents to the hair roots and scalp. Conclusion: Ayurveda offers a comprehensive and personalized approach to hair health, addressing hair disorders’ symptoms and root causes. By restoring doshic balance, optimizing digestion, and nourishing hair follicles with natural remedies, i.e. Daily regimens, wholesome diet, Rasayana, Panchakar-ma, and Yogic practices, Ayurvedic interventions aim to promote long-term hair vitality and overall well-being.

Significance of Pathya - Apathya in Present Era

Ayurveda is not only a medical science it is a holistic science of life. The aim of Ayurveda is promoting and preserving the health of individual and to cure from diseases. Pathyas are food substance and lifestyle of Ayurveda management line. Those drugs and regimes which are not harmful to channels and please the mind are considered as Pathya, and Sadapathya dravyas are such food which are good for most of the healthy individuals. Wholesome diet or Pathya plays equal role in management of any disease, it is essential to follow dietetic rules and regimes in order to curing diseases so that keep their Dhatu in a healthy state and will not let them get vitiated more from Doshas. The food which is prescribed according to disease by physician plays important role in successful treatment and it’s also prescribed as prophylactic and interventional diet. The concepts of Pathya and Apathya ahara vihara (diet and lifestyle) are still relevant and significant in the modern period as they offer a holistic approach to health, disease prevention, immunity boosting, and personalized care based on Ayurvedic principles.

Digital Remote Monitoring Using an mHealth Solution for Survivors of Cancer: Protocol for a Pilot Observational Study.

Healthy lifestyle interventions have a positive impact on multiple disease trajectories, including cancer-related outcomes. Specifically, appropriate habitual physical activity, adequate sleep, and a regular wholesome diet are of paramount importance for the wellness and supportive care of survivors of cancer. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to support novel tailored lifestyle interventions. This observational pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of mHealth multidimensional longitudinal monitoring in survivors of cancer. The primary objective is to test the compliance (user engagement) with the monitoring solution. Secondary objectives include recording clinically relevant subjective and objective measures collected through the digital solution. This is a monocentric pilot study taking place in Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom. We plan to enroll up to 100 adult survivors of cancer not receiving toxic anticancer treatment, who will provide self-reported behavioral data recorded via a dedicated app and validated questionnaires and objective data automatically collected by a paired smartwatch over 16 weeks. The participants will continue with their normal routine surveillance care for their cancer. The primary end point is feasibility (eg, mHealth monitoring acceptability). Composite secondary end points include clinically relevant patient-reported outcome measures (eg, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System score) and objective physiological measures (eg, step counts). This trial received a favorable ethical review in May 2023 (Integrated Research Application System 301068). This study is part of an array of pilots within a European Union funded project, entitled "GATEKEEPER," conducted at different sites across Europe and covering various chronic diseases. Study accrual is anticipated to commence in January 2024 and continue until June 2024. It is hypothesized that mHealth monitoring will be feasible in survivors of cancer; specifically, at least 50% (50/100) of the participants will engage with the app at least once a week in 8 of the 16 study weeks. In a population with potentially complex clinical needs, this pilot study will test the feasibility of multidimensional remote monitoring of patient-reported outcomes and physiological parameters. Satisfactory compliance with the use of the app and smartwatch, whether confirmed or infirmed through this study, will be propaedeutic to the development of innovative mHealth interventions in survivors of cancer. PRR1-10.2196/52957.

Wholesome nutrition: halal and sustainable

Human subsistence is highly dependent on food. Food offers essential nutrients for the healthy growth and development of all cells in the body; as well as providing energy for day-to-day activities. A healthy diet focuses on balance. This refers to consuming the right foods in the proper proportions to maintain a healthy weight and optimize the body's metabolic processes. Today, the nutrition arena has evolved rapidly. In developed countries, nutritional deficiencies efforts have shifted to managing excessive calories, inactive lifestyles and stress. Nutritional and technological advances concurrently curbed nutrient deficiency diseases, while abutting the growing concerns on obesity, noncommunicable diseases and ageing. Acknowledging the nutritional guidelines worldwide, it is imperative to look at the “new-old” approaches to maintaining a wholesome diet to ensure a healthy lifestyle. In the 1980s, the University of Giessen came forward with the concept of ‘Wholesome Nutrition’ which is a concept of sustainable nutrition. It comprises health and the ecological, economic, social and cultural dimensions of nutrition. Later, sustainable nutrition incorporates the environment, economy, society, health and culture. On the other hand, past lessons and observing the good manners of the previous Muslims are recommended by Islamic principles. Among similarities in the core elements discussed by both are the preference for plant-based foods and minimally processed products. This article discusses the approaches by the West on the concept of sustainable nutrition; and eating habits by early Muslims in achieving wholesome nutrition.

Role of Prakruti (Constitution)-wise Pathya (Wholesome) in Disease Prevention for Children: A Narrative Review

Ayurveda, the Science of Life, not only utilises medications to cure diseases but also employs Anupana, Ahara (diet), and other techniques to preserve a person’s health and manage diseases. Ayurveda places strong emphasis on fundamental dietary principles such as suitable food, combinations of food, cooking techniques, storage, dining environment, hygiene, and manners. Pathya Ahara (Wholesome diet) Kalpana (Ayurvedic Dietetics) is a unique concept. Pathya (Wholesome) refers to that which provides relief to individuals through the use of diet and regimen. The primary goal of discussing Pathya (Wholesome) Ahara Kalpana (Ayurvedic Dietetics) is to highlight the importance of providing proper nutrition based on one’s constitution in preserving physical health and in balancing Dosha, Dhatu, Mala, and Agni to aid in curing various ailments. The term “Pathya” (Wholesome) refers to the diet and lifestyle that are compatible with a person’s channels, constitution, and strength, respectively. The key idea behind Pathya (Wholesome) Ahara (diet) serves as the foundation for both the preventive and therapeutic components of Ayurveda. According to Ashtavidha Ahara Vidhi Visesha Ayatana (Rules regarding Diet), there are various methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of paediatric disorders as described in Ayurveda. Therefore, utilising preventive measures can help in maintaining a disciplined lifestyle and promoting a healthy existence.

Effects of residential Yoga therapy on blood pressure and body mass index in women with hypothyroidism and obesity: A retrospective study

Abstract Background: Hypothyroidism is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Patients with hypothyroidism often develop obesity, which further increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Yoga has positive effects on hypothyroidism indices. Aim: This retrospective study evaluates the effects of a two-week residential Yoga intervention on blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) among women with hypothyroidism and obesity. Materials and methods: Data of 98 females with a clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism and obesity, aged between 18 and 60 years, who received two weeks of residential Yoga intervention between 2013 and 2020 at Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, India, was retrieved retrospectively. The residential Yoga intervention consisted of integrated Yoga sessions, breathing practices, devotional sessions, a simple and wholesome diet, and educational sessions every day. Data on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. Records of patients with cardiac disease, cardiorespiratory compensatory disease, hypertension, or patients on antihypertensive drugs were excluded. Results: There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI at two weeks compared to baseline. Conclusion: A two-week residential Yoga intervention has a positive impact on blood pressure and BMI in women with hypothyroidism and obesity. Future randomized controlled trials with larger samples and long-term follow-ups are warranted.

A systemic review on probable role of Pathya Apathya Aahar in Vaatrakta with special references to Gouty Arthritis

Pathya Aahar is a conducive diet which has beneficial effect over the body and mind without causing any untoward effect. Apathya Aahar is a deleterious diet which is harmful to physical and mental well being. In Ayurveda, Pathya has been described according to Dosha, Dushya, Deha Prakriti and Vyadhi.[1] When we choose a diet for a disease based on Pathya Kalpna that pacify vitiated Doshas, improve the action of the Aushadhi, fight against pathogens, and clear the Srotas. It is very much necessary for the patients to have the food which will keep their Dhatu in healthy state and will not let them get vitiated more from Doshas. Vatarakta is the disease which is caused by vitiation of Vata as well as Rakta. Aggravated Vata is blocked by vitiated Rakta, in turn leading to further aggravation of Vata. Gout[2] is a common form of inflammatory arthritis that is very painful. Gout[3] happens when urate, builds up and forms needle-shaped mono sodium urate crystals in the joints. Urate comes from purines, which are found in body’s tissues and many foods. Dietary adjustments based on nutrient composition should be an important component of routine care for gout. Wholesome Diet play a vital role in prevention and treatment of Vatrakta (Gout).

Improving Health Through Diet

In an era marked by quick fixes and instant gratification, the age-old wisdom of "you are what you eat" holds truer than ever. Our diet is the cornerstone of our well-being, influencing every aspect of our lives, from physical health to mental clarity. It is both a simple truth and a powerful tool for improving health, and yet, it often remains underutilized in our quest for a healthier life. This editorial underscores the importance of harnessing the transformative potential of a balanced and mindful diet to enhance our health and overall quality of life.
 It's abundantly clear that the modern diet has strayed far from the path of whole, nutrient-rich foods. The preponderance of processed, sugary, and heavily refined foods has left a trail of health issues in its wake. Obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and a plethora of other chronic conditions are now rampant, but they are not inevitable. By embracing a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, we can take charge of our health. A diet centered on these elements provides our bodies with the essential nutrients needed for growth, repair, and optimal function, while also reducing the risk of chronic illnesses.
 Moreover, the benefits of a wholesome diet extend beyond physical health. Research continues to demonstrate the strong connection between our diet and mental well-being. The foods we consume have a profound impact on our mood, cognitive function, and emotional resilience. By choosing a diet that includes brain-boosting elements like omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and a balanced intake of essential nutrients, we can significantly enhance our mental health. Additionally, practicing mindful eating – paying attention to what we consume and how it makes us feel – fosters a deeper appreciation for the nourishment we provide our bodies, reinforcing the notion that we have the power to make healthier choices.
 In conclusion, our diet is the bedrock of our health, affecting us in ways both seen and unseen. To embark on a journey toward improved well-being, we must recognize the profound influence of our food choices and commit to nourishing our bodies and minds wisely. By prioritizing whole, nutrient-dense foods and adopting a mindful approach to eating, we can not only prevent and alleviate health issues but also foster a greater sense of vitality and contentment. The path to improved health through diet is a choice, and it's a choice we all can make for a healthier, happier life.

A COMPARISON OF PATHAYA AND APATHYA RULES AMONG HYP, GS AND YTU

Hatha Yoga Pradeepika (HYP), Gherand Samhita (GS) and Yogattvopanishad (YTU) are very profound ‘WE ARE WHAT WE EAT’ Diet is an important aspect of our daily life. Life can not be sustained without adequate nourishment. Food has been much insisted upon by the scriptures of Hinduism, as the Physical, Mental and Spiritual. The present time science of food about nourishment has little, if any, knowledge about the contribution of food towards mental culture. It emphasizes merely the physical well-being. Yoga teaches us that the cause of disease is due to Under (Ajirnatvam), Over (Atijirnatvam), Wrong (Kujirnatvam) digestion.
 Yoga also teaches about the approach to food, the types of food as well as the importance of timing and moderation in diet. Pathya (wholesome diet and regimen) is defined as the Ahara (Diet) and Vihara (regimen) that give proper nutrition to body and mind, clear the micro channels of Body (Pantha/Marga/Srotas), and provide happiness; that opposite is Apathya (unwholesome diet and regimen).

Regulation of different nutrient-sensing pathways by Yogic diet and practice – A descriptive study

Overeating and eating unsuitable or unseasonable food reduces healthspan due to the gathering of toxins like Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, which are the cause of various diseases. This article shows how Fasting and Yogic diet/ mitahara can extends healthspan and longevity through regulating different nutrient-sensing ways: mTOR, AMPK, P53, and SIRTUINS, Boosting NAD+ level. From ancient times in various Yogic and Ayurvedic texts, there has been an emphasis on nutrition and diet, that a wholesome diet is essential for maintaining a healthy lifespan which provides a long life full of bodily and mental strength, with no illness or disease.

A Conceptual Study on Deerghayu According to Classics

“Life well spent is long”, is well stated by Leonardo Da Vinci. A person's quality of life throughout all of those years of survival, rather than how many years they live, is what defines a long-life span. Superior constitution, great bodily components, excellent soul, adoption of a wholesome diet, and living a healthy lifestyle are the factors of this longevity. The lifespan of the individual should be checked by the doctor before any other aspects such as ailment, season, bio-fire, age, mental agility, homologation, constitution, medication, and location are examined. The attributes of Deerghayu that is long life span, along with Aahara (eating habits) and vihara (routines) to preserve longevity of life with the highest quality, have been outlined by Acharya Charaka after the Namakarana (naming ceremony) and Sushruta in Jatisutriya adhyaya in their description of life span. The present study analyzes the characteristic features of Deerghayu and the maintenance of these characteristics playing an important role in a long and healthy life.

Analytical Study of Aaharaja Nidana of Madhumeha in Current Era

Madhumeha is a metabolic disorder in which a person passes honey-like (sweet) urine and is associated with the characteristic of urinary abnormality. The clinical conditions described in Madhumeha have much in common with diabetes mellitus which is recognized by hyperglycemia due to improper insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Diabetes mellitus lowers the quality of life, greatly increases medical expenses and increases the disease-related death rate. Excess indulgence in curd, the meat of domestic animals, aquatic animals, fish, dairy products, newly harvested grains, and jaggery products in recent lifestyle are leading causes of Madhumeha. Therefore, it has become necessary that in the present era, we should have proper information regarding wholesome diet along with its nutritional value so that we could avoid impending disease and manage it accordingly. Source: Various classical texts like Charaka Samhita, Astanga Hridaya, Shushrata Samhita, Madhava nidana, and modern medical textbooks and online databases. Conclusion- Diet having Madhur, Guru, Snigdha, Picchil, and Abhisyandi properties produces Kapha which vitiates the Tri-doshas & Kleda dusti that causes the disease. Aim: To study and analyze the Aharaja Nidana of Madhumeha in the present era and manage it accordingly by adopting a diet which is suitable for the Madhumeha Rogi, Objective: To study the Glycemic index, carbohydrate and other nutritional value of the food articles that are usually taken on daily basis. Material And Methods: The Bruhattrayi & Laghuttrayi, modern medical textbooks, journals and online database. Results & Conclusion: Ayurveda not only cures the disease but can also prevent it through the knowledge of Aharaj and Viharaja nidana. Nidana parivarajana helps to manage the disease.

Role of Pathyapathya Kalpana in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background : Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders among females. It includes oligo/amenorrhoea, hirsutism, obesity and enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts and thickened tunica. It is caused mainly due to Apathya Aahara (unwholesome diet) and Apathya Vihara (unwholesome lifestyle). Ayurveda states that even the best medicines will not be useful if Pathya Aahara (wholesome diet) is not consumed. Objective: The objective of the present study was to explore the role of Pathya Aahara in the management of PCOS. Methodology: It was a literary study. The available literature has been reviewed from ayurvedic texts, modern medicine, and research journals regarding Pathya Aahara with special reference to PCOS. The references were critically analysed to reach to conclusion. Results: Acharya Charaka mentioned Pathya as that which does not adversely affect the Patha (channels) related to body and mind; while Apathya is opposite of that. PCOS involves aggravation of Kapha and Vata Dosha along with Pitta Dosha. Being one of the Santarpanottha Vyadhi, Rasavaha, Medovaha and Artavavaha Srotas are involved in it. Laghu, Ruksha, Ushana Gunatmaka, Katu – Tikta - Kashaya Rasatmaka Aahara according to dietetic principles mentioned in Ayurveda should be advised along with Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa in PCOS. Conclusion: Use of Pathya Aahara according to Ayurvedic principles plays significant role in PCOS management.

Importance and Utility of Trisutra in Teaching, Research and Clinical Practice

The aim of Ayurveda is to maintain the health of individuals. It is accomplished through the two objectives; curing disease in the diseased and preventing disease in the healthy. For this purpose Ayurveda, the science of life is presented in the form of Trisutra (three aphorisms). They are Hetu (etiological factors), Linga (symptomatology) and Oushadha (therapeutics). The causative factors for the derangement of health and its reversal are coming under the purview of Hetu. Generally, excess, deficient and wrong union of sense objects, action and time result in diseases and health is the outcome of their proper union. Linga represents the clinical features of health and disease. Oushadha include drugs, therapies, wholesome diet and lifestyle which are intended to cure the disease and promote health. The entire Ayurveda is coded in these three aphorisms, hence it is known as Trisutra Ayurveda. The term Triskanda (three pronged) is synonymously used with Trisutra. The present knowledge of Ayurveda was evolved by the decipherment and elaboration of Trisutra through continuous research processes. Ayurveda compendia were designed in the order of Trisutra, Hetu, Linga and then Oushadha for the effective teaching and learning. Trisutra forms the ground for research in Ayurveda. Fundamental and applied researches in Ayurveda are primarily based on these three principles. Thorough understanding of Trisutra is essential for the accurate diagnosis of diseases and planning of effective management for them

Ayurvedic management of Ekakushtha (Chronic Plaque Psoriasis) – A Case Report

Psoriasis is one of the common skin diseases encountered in world population which is characterized by sharply demarcated erythematous papules and plaques. Prevalence of psoriasis is 0.1 to 3 per cent worldwide. Psoriasis occurs equally in both genders, most commonly in second to fourth decade of life. In this paper, a case report of patient with (Ekakushtha) Chronic Plaque Psoriasis is discussed with successful Ayurvedic treatment. A 25-year-old female patient came with complaints of reddish lesions over arms, forearms, legs, thighs and trunk region; itching and burning sensation over lesion and scalp; scaling over scalp region since five years. The condition was diagnosed as Ekakushtha according to Ayurved and the treatment was planned accordingly. The patient was treated with Ayurvedic oral medications, local applications and Pathya (wholesome diet) regimen without any Panchakarma therapy. Ayurvedic management has given her better results within 45 days from commencement of treatment.

Challenges Faced by Patients while Undertaking Treatment for Tuberculosis

Despite the immunisation of 92% of the Indian population against tuberculosis with the bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine (Statistica, 2019), India recorded 79,000 deaths due to this bacterial infection (The Times of India, 2020). Professionals in the field have tried to find the reason behind the high mortality and high infection rate in the country with the aim of eliminating tuberculosis in India by 2025 as part of the TB National Strategic Plan. A significant reason identified for this phenomenon is non-adherence to treatment due to challenges faced by the patients while undertaking treatment. The aim of the present research study is to identify the challenges faced by Indian tuberculosis patients visiting a dispensary in South Delhi undertaking treatment for tuberculosis and evaluating their relative importance in influencing their treatment experience through a mixed-method approach. The study was carried out by conducting a survey via phone with 35 Tuberculosis patients. Financial difficulties/loss of job/ school was found to have the highest mean rating which mirrors the trend in other developing countries such as Bangladesh. The study has implications for the government at different levels and private hospitals can be convinced that providing free-of-cost treatment is not enough and more budget should be allocated to tuberculosis treatment to ensure that patients receive a wholesome diet during and post-treatment. These changes combined would be a great step to improving public health crises such as the transmission of infectious diseases in developing countries like India.

Selenium Supplementation in Pregnant Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Practical Approach.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and a pivotal role in thyroid metabolism. Ensuring a sufficient Se supply is possible via a balanced, wholesome diet; however, Se content in foods may be different throughout geographical areas. Se supplementation is expected to improve inflammatory status in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis, especially in those with high activity, and has been demonstrated as effective in reducing the thyroid peroxidase antibodies titer. Se status seems to affect thyroid function in pregnancy, which prompts the potential role of Se supplementation in such patients. Few clinical trials have investigated the effectiveness of Se supplementation in pregnant women with thyroiditis, and their results suggest the safety and effectiveness of this element in reducing autoantibody levels and preventing postpartum thyroiditis development, although limited. Hence, more robust evidence is needed to confirm these data. The current study aims to summarize published data on the relationship between Se and thyroid status in pregnant women with thyroiditis and the potential use of Se. Moreover, an algorithm for Se supplementation is proposed for pregnant women with thyroiditis to help endocrinologists in daily clinical practice to consider Se status.

Time trends in socio-economic and geographic-based inequalities in childhood wasting in Guinea over 2decades: a cross-sectional study.

Today, an estimated 7.3% (50 million) of all children <5y of age suffer from wasting, with more burden in African countries including Guinea. Investigating inequalities in childhood wasting is essential for designing efficient programs and interventions, but no related evidence exists in Guinea. This study aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence of childhood wasting and the extent of sex, socio-economic and geographic-based disparities in Guinea. Data from the 1999, 2005 and 2012 Guinea Demographic and Health Surveys and the 2016 Guinea Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, with a total of 16137 children <5y of age were included for analysis. For inequality analysis, we used the 2019 updated World Health Organization Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software. Inequality was measured using four summary measures (difference [D], population attributable risk [PAR], ratio [R] and population attributable fraction [PAF]) for five equity stratifiers (economic status, education, place of residence, sex and subnational region). We computed 95% confidence intervals (CIs) around the points estimates to measure statistical significance. The findings revealed a pro-rich (R=1.68 [95% CI 1.11 to 2.24]), pro-urban (PAR=-1.04 [95% CI -1.90 to -0.18]) and subnational region (D=8.11 [95% CI 4.85 to 11.36]) inequalities in childhood wasting across all surveys. Except in 2005, education-based disparities (PAF=-18.2 [95% CI -36.10 to -0.26]) were observed across all survey years, but not sex-based disparities. An approximately constant inequality pattern was seen across all dimensions. This study showed inequalities in childhood wasting in Guinea with a disproportionately higher risk of wasting among children from disadvantaged subpopulations/mothers, including uneducated, poorest/poor, rural residents and regions. Policies that target disadvantaged populations need to be considered in order to ensure social protection, access to a wholesome diet and universal and quality health services.