WHO-5 Well-being Index Research Articles

Psychosocial stress and well-being in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction in a tertiary care center

BackgroundPsychosocial factors such as stress have been previously implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There is little evidence regarding the prevalence of stress among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MethodsA total of 903 patients with AMI enrolled in the North Indian ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NORIN-STEMI) registry were included in this study. Perceived stress in these subjects was evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 questionnaire while the World health Organization (WHO-5) Well-being Index was used to evaluate psychological well-being. All these patients were followed up for one month and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were determined. ResultsA majority of patients with AMI had either severe (478 [52.9%]) or moderate stress (347 [38.4%]) while low stress levels were observed in 78 [8.6%] patients. Additionally, most of the patients with AMI (478 [53%]) had WHO-5 well-being index <50%. Subjects with severe stress were younger (50.86 ± 13.31; P < 0.0001), more likely to be males (403 [84.30%]; P = 0.027), were less likely to have optimal level of physical activity (P < 0.0001) and had lower WHO-5 well-being score (45.54 ± 1.94%; P < 0.0001) as compared to those with low and moderate stress levels. On 30-days follow-up, subjects with moderate/severe stress had higher MACE however, the difference was non-significant (2.1% vs 1.04%; P = 0.42). ConclusionA high prevalence of perceived stress and low well-being index was observed in patients presenting with AMI in India.

Effects of Multimodal Physical and Cognitive Fitness Training on Sustaining Mental Health and Job Readiness in a Military Cohort

Drawing on the emerging area of workplace sustainability, this study sought to measure the effects of multimodal physical and cognitive fitness training on sustaining mental health and job readiness via impacts on subjective burnout, mental wellbeing, and resilience in a military cohort. Volunteer participants were block randomised into either a standard 4-week resilient mind program (RMP) intervention or an RMP combined with self-paced functional imagery practice (RMP+FI). Self-reported burnout, mental wellbeing, and resilience were measured at baseline and at the end of the 4-week intervention using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the World Health Organization’s WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5), respectively. A total of 78 participants were enrolled in the study and 72 (92%) completed the program. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant effects of the RMP intervention, with both the RMP and RMP+FI groups reporting improved resilience (F(1, 70) = 13.08, p &lt; 0.001, partial ω2 = 0.00086) and mental wellbeing (F(1, 70) = 41.86, p &lt; 0.001, partial ω2 = 0.36). Both groups also reported improved burnout markers for professional efficacy (F(1, 70) = 6.25, p &lt; 0.002, partial ω2 = 0.02), as well as reduced emotional exhaustion (F(1, 70) = 31.84, p &lt; 0.001, partial ω2 = 0.02) and job cynicism (F(1, 70) = 8.80, p &lt; 0.005, partial ω2 = 0.005). The FI practice produced no significant improvement in the RMP-only condition. Our results support the efficacy of RMP intervention in reducing burnout symptoms and improving self-reported mental wellbeing and resilience in a cohort of serving Navy aviators.

The impact of resilience on headache disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS).

Our objectives were to examine cross-sectional correlations of headache disability with measures of resilience, anxiety, and depression, and to determine if resilience modified the association between headache severity/frequency and disability. Resilience is associated with quality of life and functioning among patients with chronic conditions. We investigated whether resilience strongly mitigates headache-related disability as measured by the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). We prospectively recruited 160 patients with primary headache disorders seen in a tertiary headache medicine program between February 20, 2018 and August 2, 2019. Each participant completed the MIDAS, Conner Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRS-25), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and WHO-5 Well-Being Index. The CDRS-25 score was negatively correlated with the total MIDAS (r = -0.21, p = 0.009), GAD-7 (r = -0.56, p < 0.001), and PHQ-9 scores (r = -0.34, p < 0.001). Well-being inversely correlated with disability (r = -0.37, p < 0.001). Increases in anxiety and depression increased the odds of disability. A 1 point increase in the CDRS-25 score decreased the odds of being severely disabled by 4% (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99, p = 0.001). However, the CDRS-25 score did not significantly moderate the association between headache days and disability. Traits associated with resilience decreased the odds of severe disability from headaches, whereas anxiety, depression, and headache frequency were strongly associated with higher disability from headache.

Analysis of diabetes attitudes, wishes and needs in Switzerland, the Swiss DAWN2™ Study

Swiss DAWN2™ aimed to evaluate the difficulties and unmet needs of individuals with diabetes and stakeholders, based on the assessments of diabetes care and self-management: the individual burden of disease, the perception of the quality of medical care, and the treatment satisfaction of individuals with diabetes living in the Canton of Bern. The results of the Swiss cohort were analysed and compared with the global DAWN2™ results. 239 adult individuals with diabetes were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism at the University Hospital of Bern between 2015 and 2017. The participants completed validated online questionnaires regarding health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L) and emotional distress (PAID-5), diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA-6), treatment satisfaction (PACIC-DSF), and health-related wellbeing (WHO-5). Eligibility criteria were as follows: participants were aged >18 years, had a diagnosis of diabetes type 1 or 2 since at least 12 months and gave written informed for the participation in the present study. When compared globally, the Swiss cohort reported a higher quality of life (77.28 ± 16.73 vs. 69.3 ± 17.9 EQ-5D-3L score, p <0.001) and lower emotional distress (22.28 ± 20.94 vs. 35.2 ± 24.2 PAID-5 score, p = 0.027). Higher frequencies of self-measurement of blood glucose (6.43 ± 1.68 vs. 3.4 ± 2.8 SDSCA-6 score, p <0.001) and physical activity (4.40 ± 2.04 vs. 3.8 ± 2.7 SDSCA-6 score, p = 0.05) were reported. PACIC-DSF revealed higher satisfaction concerning organisational aspects of patient care (60.3 ± 1.51 vs. 47.3 ± 24.3, p<0.001) and higher health-related well-being as compared to the global score (71.38 ± 23.31 vs. 58 ± 13.8 WHO-5 Well-Being Index, p <0.001). HbA1c >7% correlated to emotional distress (PAID-5, 26.08 ± 23.37 vs. 18.80 ± 17.49, p = 0.024), unfavourable eating habits (4.28 ± 2.22 vs. 4.99 ± 2.15, p = 0.034) and decreased physical activity (3.95 ± 2.16 vs. 4.72 ± 1.92, p = 0.014). Sleeping problems were most commonly reported (35.6%). In total, 28.8% of respondents completed diabetes-related educational programs. In global comparison, Swiss DAWN2™ showed a lower burden of disease and yet a higher level of treatment satisfaction in patients who were treated in Switzerland. Further studies are required to assess the quality of diabetes treatment and unmet needs in patients treated outside of a tertiary care center.

Work-Family Conflict and Wellbeing in US Pharmacy Faculty with Children

ObjectiveObjectives of this study included characterization of the current landscape of work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), wellbeing, and childcare-related factors in United States (US) pharmacy faculty members with children, as well as relationship determination between faculty characteristics and WFC, FWC, and wellbeing indices. MethodsA survey was developed and administered to US pharmacy faculty members with children in February 2022. Questions included demographic and childcare-related factors and the validated Netemeyer WFC and FWC scales, and World Health Organization (WHO-5) Wellbeing Index. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance and t tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsThe survey was completed by 368 faculty members with children. Respondents were primarily married females who identify as White or European American, with>90% having children less than 18 years of age. Respondents scored an average of 24.1 ± 7.2 points on the WFC scale, 19.5 ± 7.5 points on the FWC scale, and 56.8 ± 17.5 on the WHO-5 Wellbeing Index. Having dependent children resulted in statistically significantly higher WFC and FWC and lower wellbeing scores. Linear regression models for WFC, FWC, and wellbeing explained 20%, 8%, and 9% of the variability in scores, respectively. ConclusionThis study identified the presence of WFC, FWC, and decreased wellbeing in pharmacy faculty members with children. Future research is needed to further qualify contributors to the indices and place findings into a larger context.

The effect of emotional freedom technique and music applied to pregnant women who experienced prenatal loss on psychological growth, well-being, and cortisol level: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionResearch has shown that application of emotional freedom technique and music ensures psychological growth, increases well-being, and decreases cortisol level. PurposeIn the study, it was aimed to determine the effect of EFT and music applied to pregnant women who had experienced prenatal loss on their psychological growth, well-being, and cortisol level. MethodsThe study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial in a city hospital in eastern Türkiye with 159 pregnant women, 53 of whom were in the EFT, 53 in the music group, and 53 in the control group. The study data were collected through Subjective Units of Disturbance Scale (SUDS), Subjective Units of Experience (SUE) Scale, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and WHO-5 Well-Being Index, and saliva samples were taken for cortisol evaluation. EFT was applied to the women two times every other week; the women in the music group listened to music two times every other week. Throughout the week following the first intervention, the women continued the interventions at home. ResultsIt was determined that EFT and music significantly decreased the participants' subjective anxiety and salivary cortisol median scores, the lowest anxiety was in the EFT group, and PTGI and WHO-5 Well-Being Index mean scores increased (p < 0.005). Further analyses showed that EFT was more effective in terms of increasing well-being than music (p < 0.001; a > b > c). It was determined that the anxiety levels and salivary cortisol median values of the control group were statistically significantly higher compared to the EFT and music groups (p < 0.001). ConclusionIt was found that EFT and music applied to the women who had experienced prenatal loss decreased anxiety, ensured psychological growth, improved well-being, and decreased salivary cortisol level.

The well-being of Iranian adult citizens; is it related to mental health literacy?

Subjective well-being (SWB) is a fundamental concept in the definition of mental health and is a significant health indicator for individuals and societies. Mental health literacy (MHL) is a modifiable variable with known effects on mental health, but its relationship with SWB is not recognized. In this study, the SWB is measured, and its relationship to MHL is investigated. In this cross-sectional study conducted in Iran in 2019, 1,682 individuals participated using a convenient sampling method. Participants with a basic ability to use internet were included. A simple online form was used to collect data. SWB and MHL were measured with three questionnaires: WHO-5 Well-Being Index, Mental Health Literacy Scale, and Mental Health Positive Knowledge. Most of the participants were young (mean age 25.99, SD 9.14), female (71.9%), and had a university degree (78.5%). The mean SWB was 50.19 out of 100 (SD 20.92). More than half of the participants (50.4%) were screen-positive for clinical depression regarding their low well-being. Significant but very small correlations were detected between SWB and both MHL measures. The well-being of half of the educated Iranian citizens who participated in this study was poor and lower than previous measurements. No strong correlation is detected between SWB and MHL measures in this study. This suggests that people's well-being cannot be improved by merely implementing mental health educational programs.

Sleep-related problems as a mediator in the association between depression and work-family conflict in middle-aged female workers: A population-based study.

To investigate the mediating effect of sleep-related problems on the relationship between depression and work-family conflicts (WFCs) among middle-aged female workers. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional study. Overall, 15,718 female workers aged 40-65 years from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) were included. Depression was assessed using the WHO-5 wellbeing index; sleep-related problems and WFCs were measured with five items on a Likert scale. The mediating effect of sleep-related problems between depression and WFCs was analysed using model 4 of Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS. There was a significant positive correlation between depression and both sleep-related problems (r = 0.225, p < 0.001) and WFCs (r = 0.124, p < 0.001). Depression also had a significant effect on sleep-related problems (β = 0.221, p < 0.001) and WFCs (β=0.061, p < 0.001). Sleep-related problems had a significant effect on WFCs (β = 0.282, p < 0.001). The indirect effect of depression on WFCs by mediating sleep-related problems was β = 0.062 (95% bootstrap confidence interval = 0.057-0.068). The study also confirmed the significance of the mediating effect of sleep-related problems in the relationship between depression and WFCs.

Is the meaning of subjective well-being similar in Latin American countries? A cross-cultural measurement invariance study of the WHO-5 well-being index during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThere is an urgent need to assess changes in well-being on a multinational scale during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus culturally valid scales must be available.MethodsWith this in mind, this study examined the invariance of the WHO well-being index (WHO-5) among a sample of 5183 people from 12 Latin Americans countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay).ResultsThe results of the present study indicate that the WHO-5 is strictly invariant across samples from different Latin American countries. Furthermore, the results of the IRT analysis indicate that all items of the WHO-5 were highly discriminative and that the difficulty required to respond to each of the five items is ascending. Additionally, the results indicated the presence of moderate and small size differences in subjective well-being among most countries.ConclusionThe WHO-5 is useful for assessing subjective well-being in 12 Latin American countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, since the differences between scores can be attributed to differences in well-being and not in other characteristics of the scale.

Study Protocol of Death Anxiety, Perceived Stress, Sleep Quality, Cardiac Illness Denial and Subjective Well-being among Stable Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background:&#x0D; It has been seen that negative affective states (e.g., depression, anxiety, anger), social isolation, and social insecurity are specific psychosocial determinants that adversely influence ischemic heart diseases, and these patients experience higher levels of death anxiety. Hence, studying death anxiety, perceived stress, sleep quality, and illness acceptance among myocardial infarction (MI) patients will give insight into their psychosocial management.&#x0D; Method:&#x0D; The study will be conducted on patients (18-60 years) with a diagnosis of Acute MI hospitalized in the Cardiology Unit of King Georges' Medical University and clinically stable at the time of assessment. The participants will be assessed via semi-structured proforma for sociodemographic and clinical details, the scale of Death Anxiety (SDA), perceived Stress scale, single Item Sleep quality Index, Cardiac Denial of Impact Scale and WHO wellbeing index- 5.&#x0D; Result:&#x0D; This study will measure death anxiety, perceived stress, sleep quality, Cardiac Denial of Impact Scale and subjective wellbeing among stable patients with acute Myocardial Infarction (MI), to study their association with acute Myocardial Infarction (MI), and their change with time during follow up (10-12 weeks after the initial event).&#x0D; Conclusion:&#x0D; It is expected that death anxiety and perceived stress will be high among patients with acute myocardial infarction, affecting their sleep quality and subjective wellbeing.

Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and mental health outcomes in firefighters: A cross-sectional study

This study in firefighters aims to explore correlations between physical activity (PA), sedentary levels, PTSD symptoms, psychological distress and well-being. We also compare PTSD symptoms, psychological distress and well-being in those who meet the 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week recommendation versus those who don’t. Finally, we compare PA levels in those with PTSD versus without. Self-reported PA and sedentary levels [Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire, Physical Activity Vitals Sign], PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PCL-5), psychological distress (Kessler-6, K-6) and well-being (WHO-5 Well-being index) were collected in 87 firefighters (77 men, age = 43.1 years; SD = 10.3). Spearman Rho correlations were used to explore associations and Mann–Whitney U tests to examine differences between subgroups. Time spent exercising correlated with PTSD symptoms (ρ = −0.220; p = 0.041). Those with significant PTSD symptoms spent less time exercising (U = 102.5; p = 0.018) and more time sedentary (U = 375; p = 0.027). Physically inactive firefighters scored 5.4 points higher on the PCL-5, 1.5 points more on the K-6, and 5.2 points less on the WHO-5. Participants with PTSD (n = 6) were more sedentary (U = 375.0; p = 0.027) and exercised less (U = 102.5; p = 0.018) compared to those without. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior could be considered in prevention and treatment programs for psychological distress and PTSD in firefighters.

Deep phenotyping towards precision psychiatry of first-episode depression — the Brain Drugs-Depression cohort

BackgroundMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogenous brain disorder, with potentially multiple psychosocial and biological disease mechanisms. This is also a plausible explanation for why patients do not respond equally well to treatment with first- or second-line antidepressants, i.e., one-third to one-half of patients do not remit in response to first- or second-line treatment.To map MDD heterogeneity and markers of treatment response to enable a precision medicine approach, we will acquire several possible predictive markers across several domains, e.g., psychosocial, biochemical, and neuroimaging.MethodsAll patients are examined before receiving a standardised treatment package for adults aged 18–65 with first-episode depression in six public outpatient clinics in the Capital Region of Denmark. From this population, we will recruit a cohort of 800 patients for whom we will acquire clinical, cognitive, psychometric, and biological data. A subgroup (subcohort I, n = 600) will additionally provide neuroimaging data, i.e., Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Electroencephalogram, and a subgroup of patients from subcohort I unmedicated at inclusion (subcohort II, n = 60) will also undergo a brain Positron Emission Tomography with the [11C]-UCB-J tracer binding to the presynaptic glycoprotein-SV2A. Subcohort allocation is based on eligibility and willingness to participate. The treatment package typically lasts six months.Depression severity is assessed with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) at baseline, and 6, 12 and 18 months after treatment initiation.The primary outcome is remission (QIDS ≤ 5) and clinical improvement (≥ 50% reduction in QIDS) after 6 months. Secondary endpoints include remission at 12 and 18 months and %-change in QIDS, 10-item Symptom Checklist, 5-item WHO Well-Being Index, and modified Disability Scale from baseline through follow-up. We also assess psychotherapy and medication side-effects.We will use machine learning to determine a combination of characteristics that best predict treatment outcomes and statistical models to investigate the association between individual measures and clinical outcomes.We will assess associations between patient characteristics, treatment choices, and clinical outcomes using path analysis, enabling us to estimate the effect of treatment choices and timing on the clinical outcome.DiscussionThe BrainDrugs-Depression study is a real-world deep-phenotyping clinical cohort study of first-episode MDD patients.Trial RegistrationRegistered at clinicaltrials.gov November 15th, 2022 (NCT05616559).

Development of well-being after moving to telework: A longitudinal latent class analysis.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking suddenly became a reality for many individuals. Previous research shows that there are contradictory consequences of telework on well-being: while workers have the opportunity for self-directed work, intensified work behavior as well as longer hours being worked might occur at the same time. We expect that the effects of telework vary over time and may be able to explain these contradictions. Moreover, from the perspective of the job demands-resources model besides job resources, personal resources may be relevant. The aim of this study is to investigate how the mental well-being of workers unfolds over time after the onset of the pandemic and the role of telework in this process. Additionally we seek to identify the impact of available job resources and personal resources in this extraordinary situation. Data were collected online from 642 participants in Germany beginning in March 2020, with 8 weekly followup surveys. Mental well-being was measured using the WHO-5 well-being index. For personal resources we looked at occupational self-efficacy; job resources were flexible working hours, job autonomy, and social support. Job demands were telework and work intensification. First we used a group-based trajectory analysis approach to identify different well-being trajectories. Second we applied multinomial regression analysis to identify T1 predictors of well-being trajectory group membership and their interactions. We found three groups of mental well-being trajectories: low, medium, and high. Their progress through the investigation period was rather stable: we observed only slight improvements of mental well-being for the high well-being group and a slight deterioration for the other two groups. Only the job demand work intensification and the personal resource occupational self-efficacy had a significant relationship to group assignment. Additionally we found interactions of telework with work intensification and occupational self-efficacy indicating a buffering mechanism of telework on the consequences of high work intensification; and low occupational self-efficacy. Telework appears to be a useful resource that buffered high work intensification and compensated for low personal resources during the pandemic. Since data were from self-reports of a convenience sample we can't assume generalization of our results nor absence of common-method bias.

Is even a probable premenstrual dysphoric disorder diagnosis associated with more severe anxio-depressive symptoms and lower well-being? A preliminary cross-sectional exploratory study

IntroductionPremenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a newly introduced category in the 5th version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and is highly underdiagnosed worldwide, despite its strong connections to anxiodepressive symptom severity and perceived well-being.ObjectivesFirstly in Hungary, our aim was to: (a)assess whether even a probable PMDD diagnosis is associated with elevated levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and decreased perception of well-being on an adult women sample; (b)to evaluate whether women with a probable PMDD diagnosis report greater fluctuation of their affect during the different phases of their menstrual cycle; (c)to examine whether the elevated levels of anxiodepressive symptoms and lower well-being increase the statistical likelihood of having a probable PMDD diagnosis.MethodsAn online test battery was designed to examine probable PMDD diagnosis, severity of anxiodepressive symptoms and well-being. 393 adult women were screened for eligibility in the study (exclusion criteria involved: irregular cycle; use of hormonal contraceptives), from which 112 were included in the final analyses. DSM-5-Based Screening Tool for Women’s Perceptions of Premenstrual Symptoms, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory, and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index were assessed.ResultsBased on the DSM-5-Based Screening Tool, the sample was divided into 1)women with probable PMDD diagnosis (PMDD group,n=67) and 2)women without probable PMDD (nonPMDD group,n=45). Menstruation cycles were sorted into menstrual, from-menstruation-to-ovulation, early luteal and late luteal phases. The PMDD group exhibited significantly higher depressive (F(1;56,2)=19.394, p≤0.001) and anxiety (F(1;35,6)=17.714,p≤0.001) symptom severity and lower scores of well-being (F(1;44,3)=4.288,p=0.0442) compared to the nonPMDD group regardless of which menstrual cycle they were in. Binomial logistic regression model was used to test whether higher anxiodepressive symptoms and lower scores of well-being increase the likelihood of having PMDD: the model was significant (χ2(2)=27.287, p≤0.001), and it explained 29.2% of the variance in PMDD. Elevated levels of anxiety (B=0.058, S.E.=0.022, Waldχ2(1)=7.142, p=0.008,OR=1.060) and depressive (B=0.085,S.E.=0.031,Waldχ2(1)=7.480,p=0.006,OR=1.089) symptoms increased significantly the likelihood of having a probable PMDD diagnosis.ConclusionsWomen with even a probable PMDD diagnosis exhibited significantly elevated levels of anxiodepressive symptoms and lower scores of well-being regardless of which menstrual phase they were assessed in compared to women without meeting the criteria of the PMDD screening tool. These preliminary results underscore the need for prospective clinical studies of differences in affective symptoms exhibited in PMDD.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Well-being among Nursing Students: Relationship between Lifestyle Behaviours, Sleep Quality and Resilience

Well-being is considered a positive state influenced by one’s mental, physical, emotional and cultural factors. High-level well-being enables a person to live at full potential. In this study, we investigated the level of well-being and its associated factors among nursing students studying at a selected university in Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates. A quantitative descriptive study was conducted among undergraduate nursing students enrolled in this university. A convenient sampling technique was used to recruit the participants. Measures included the WHO-5 well-being index, a lifestyle behaviour questionnaire, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and a brief resilience scale. Nearly two-thirds (65.4%) of the study participants reported good well-being, whereas the remaining 34.6% reported low well-being. In general, better well-being was found to be associated with moderate or vigorous physical activity for at least 30 minutes three or more times a week (p &lt; 0.05), and a habit of skipping breakfast (p &lt; 0.05). It was also found to be associated with better subjective sleep quality (p &lt; 0.001), less sleep latency (p &lt; 0.01), fewer sleep disturbances (p &lt; 0.001), and less daytime dysfunction (p &lt; 0.001). These results support the need to improve the well-being of nursing students. We recommend interventions that promote physical activity and sleep quality to improve the well-being of undergraduate nursing students.

Intergenerational communication and elderly well-being

BackgroundMental fitness and well-being are essential elements of human life. They help humans overcome hardships and fulfill their desires successfully. This study looked at the effects of interaction with children on well-being among the elderly. MethodsA quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed, and the institutionalized elderly were selected using a purposive sampling method. They were then allocated equally into experimental and control groups. Children included in the study were selected based on a validated rating scale that measured their attitude towards the elderly. The WHO (five) well-being index was used to gather data. The elderly in the experimental group had an opportunity to interact with the children once a week for 12 weeks whereas the control group didn't have access to the children. ResultsThere was a significant difference (P <0.001) in the mean posttest scores of well-being among the elderly in the experimental group (81.76±11.56) when compared to the control group (37.02±14.13). ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that the interaction with children promotes well-being among the elderly. Interaction of children with the elderly residing in the elderly homes can be included as a part of the curriculum in schools and it may contribute to the holistic development of children's attitude.

“I do not hear you!”: hearing-impaired cancer patients report their communication experiences

PurposeHearing impairment has a high impact on communication between cancer patients and their oncologists. What is the patient’s perspective on this problem and how can physicians draw lessons from it?MethodsTogether with otorhinolaryngologists and hearing-impaired patients, we developed a questionnaire including the sections: WHO (Five) Well-Being Index (5 items), Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) as established self-estimation of hearing function (24 items), use of hearing aid (4 items) as well as patients’ experiences (15 items), difficulties (9 items) and wishes (7 items) regarding the communication with physicians. The experiences, difficulties, wishes, and life satisfaction of cancer patients were analyzed between groups based on participants' APHAB scores, well-being and use of hearing aids. A total of 104 cancer survivors (median age 76.5 years, range 32–90 years) were included.ResultsBetween the groups of subjectively hearing-impaired and normal hearing participants, we registered a significant difference in difficulties in conversation, wishes for physician–patient communication and psychological well-being. Depending on participants’ well-being, wishes and difficulties differed. Differences were also found between participants with and without hearing aids in terms of difficulties in conversation, but not in terms of their wishes and well-being. A large proportion of participants classified as subjectively hearing-impaired according to APHAB already had a hearing aid.ConclusionsCancer patients with hearing loss are very restricted in their understanding of given information and hearing aid use cannot completely compensate for this. Consequently, communication guidelines should be considered and specific educational tools need to be developed for these groups.

A Multi-Site Survey Study on the Association Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and United States Anesthesiology Residents' Mental Health.

At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic, anesthesiology residency programs were impacted differently due to various factors such as the local severity of COVID-19, exposure to patient suffering, and inability to complete rotations. We sought to investigate the impact of local-level pandemic severity on the well-being of anesthesiology residents. This multi-site study surveyed postgraduate year two residents from 15 United States (US) anesthesiology programs using the Perceived Stress Scale, Mini-Z, Patient Health Questionnaire-9,WHO-5 Well-Being Index,and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support before the pandemic (baseline survey) and during the first COVID-19 surge (post survey). A total of 144 (65%) residents responded to the initial baseline survey; 73 (33%) responded to the post survey, and 49 (22%) completed both surveys. There was not a statistically significant difference in any well-being outcomes of participants between the surveys, nor was there a significant difference based on the severity of COVID-19 impact at the program's hospital. Male participants had higher perceived stress scores (β = 4.05, 95%CI: 0.42, 7.67, P = 0.03) and lower social support from family (β = -6.57, 95%CI: -11.64, -1.51, P = 0.01) at the post survey compared to female participants after controlling for baseline scores. Additionally, married participants or those with domestic partners reported higher perceived social support in the post survey (β = 5.79, 95%CI: -0.65, 12.23, P = 0.03). The local COVID-19 severity at a residency program did not disproportionately impact well-being scores among anesthesiology residents. Those most vulnerable to diminished well-being appeared to be male and single participants. As a result, targeted well-being interventions, including those aiming to increase social support, to higher-risk resident groups may be indicated. Future work is needed to assess the longstanding COVID-19 pandemic impacts on resident well-being.

Patient-reported well-being in value-based care using tildrakizumab in a real-world setting: protocol of a multinational, phase IV, 1-cohort prospective observational study (the POSITIVE study)

IntroductionPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that negatively impacts the quality of life of patients and their families. However, the most commonly used decision-making tools in psoriasis, Psoriasis Area...

Mediterranean-Style Diet and Other Determinants of Well-Being in Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Women.

Due to the lack of studies comparing the determinants of well-being in omnivores and vegetarians, we examined associations of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, including adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, in relation to well-being in omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan women. Well-being was assessed using a validated WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet was determined using a modified Mediterranean diet score. The study was conducted on 636 women (23.9 ± 5.7 years), of whom 47.3% were omnivores, 33.2% vegetarians, and 19.5% vegans. The good well-being group (WHO-5 Index ≥ 13 points) comprised 30.9% of the omnivores, 46.0% of the vegetarians, and 57.3% of the vegans. The remaining participants were classified as belonging to the poor well-being group (<13 points). Compared to the omnivores, the vegetarians and vegans had a 1.6-fold (95% CI: 1.04-2.42) and a 2.4-fold (95% CI: 1.45-3.99) higher probability of having good well-being, respectively. In omnivores, the predictors of good well-being were adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet (a 1-score increment was associated with a 17% higher probability of good well-being, P-trend = 0.016), higher self-perceived health status, and lower levels of stress. In vegetarians and vegans, it was older age, higher physical activity (≥3 h/week), 7-8 h sleep time, and similarly to omnivores' higher self-perceived health status and lower stress level. Our findings indicate that following a Mediterranean-style diet was associated with better well-being in omnivores. Furthermore, we identified that different determinants were associated with well-being in omnivorous and vegetarian and vegan women.