Whitehead's Theory Research Articles

Sense and Symbolic Sensibility: The Rise of Amphibians and the Roots of Language in Whiteheadian Perspective

Abstract Perspectives on the difficult topic of the evolution of language can be differentiated to a large extent based on how much relevant continuity or discontinuity they see between humans and nonhuman animals. In general, biologists and psychologists tend to have a broad definition of “language” that highlights significant continuities, whereas linguists tend to define “language” more narrowly, in accord with their emphasis on the uniqueness of human capacities. This article examines the value of Whitehead's innovative theory of language, which is grounded in his account of the fundamental symbolic element in basic perceptual processes, mainly for understanding the continuities between animal and human perceptual and symbolic activity but also for accommodating the discontinuity, or at least the pivotal difference, evident in the full flowering of human language. It will focus particularly on applying Whitehead's approach to gain a new understanding of the emergence, with the rise of amphibians, of the first vocalization in the history of life.

Происхождение современной китайской экологической эстетики из процессуального понимания природы А.Н. Уайтхеда, марксистской диалектики и концептуальных позиций традиционной китайской философии

Environmental aesthetics, or aesthetics of environment represents one of the most recent in constitution and one of the most dynamic subdisciplines of contemporary aesthetic discourse. Chinese ecological aesthetics has become a complex and original set of ideas, which is of great importance for other cultures, including Russian, due to the scale of environmental problems that China has recently faced in connection with economic growth, as well as the applicability of ways to solve them in Russian conditions. For these reasons, the author of this article offers a historical and theoretical analysis of the content of the concepts of modern Chinese ecological aesthetics, developed on the basis of A.N. Whitehead's theory of procedural understanding of nature, Marxist dialectics and traditional Chinese philosophy.

화이트헤드(A. N. Whitehead)의 ‘상징활동’에서의 자아-발달과 정신적 자각의 교육적 의미

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning of self-development and mental awakening in A. N. Whitehead's ‘Symbolism’ and to explore its educational implications. Whitehead calls symbolism including direct recognition(ie, causal efficacy, presentational immediacy) and symbolic reference. According to him, symbolism through direct recognition is infallible, but errors arise from symbolic reference that connects two types of perceptual experiences to symbols and meanings.
 He argues that self-development and mental awakening occur in symbolic reference and criticizes two errors in education based on this. One is the education of inert ideas, which is caused by the lack of self-development in knowledge education, and the other is that there is an error in the claim that the purpose of knowledge education is to sharpen the mind. The cause of the claim is due to putting knowledge ahead of mental awakening.
 Therefore, this study analyzed Whitehead's theory of symbolism and explained self-development and mental awakening. The concept of self-development and mental awakening in symbolism analyzed in this study can be used as a theoretical basis for the constrution of subjective learning focusing on the interest and curiosity of learners.

Whitehead’s Resistance to Scepticism in Relation to Santayana

Without ever becoming central, the refutation of scepticism constitutes one of the pervading themes of Whitehead's philosophy of perception. His way of resisting scepticism about the external world was the doctrine of the two pure modes of perception, presentational immediacy and causal efficacy, and of the mixt mode of symbolic reference. In the present study, I try to evaluate Whitehead's theory of perception as a rampart against scepticism. First, I expose, in relevant outline, Whitehead’s theory of perception as it first appears in S, with the necessary refinements adduced in PR, and I find it wanting. Next, I show that Whitehead’s doctrine of subjective forms works as a patch for the theory, and allows it to counter some varieties of scepticism.

Whitehead's 1925–1927 View of Function and Time

Abstract Whitehead's 1925–1927 Harvard lectures (HL2) are too rich in content to easily summarize. Consequently, I limit myself in the present article to giving an account pivoting around Whitehead's functional theory of reality and his epochal theory of time.

The Flutter Stability of Mistuned Bladed Disks Subjected to the Coriolis Effect

Abstract Intentional frequency mistuning referred to as detuning is known to be an effective mean to prevent aeroelastic flutter in gas turbines. The Coriolis effect, which is usually discarded, can reduce the mistuning effects and therefore compromise the stabilizing effect of detuning with respect to flutter. This paper presents an original study of the influence of the Coriolis effect on the aeroelastic stability of a single-piece bladed disk (blisk), which made it possible to highlight for the first time the complex interactions between flutter, mistuning, and the Coriolis effect. The blisk is modeled with a lumped parameter model and the aeroelastic self-excitations using Whitehead's theory. A genetic algorithm is used to determine the best detuning pattern to stabilize the flutter-prone blisk. The results show that if the detuning pattern is identified without taking the Coriolis effect into account, the detuned blisk can still be prone to flutter. The key driver of this loss of stability is the frequency separation of the modes resulting from the Coriolis effect, which decreases the mode interactions that are required to stabilize the system. This article demonstrates the need to consider the Coriolis effect when studying the aeroelastic stability of cyclic structures with flexible disk and blade-disk coupling. By doing so, it is shown that a higher level of detuning is needed to compensate the adverse effects of Coriolis and ensure stability to flutter.

Process and Aesthetics: An Outline of Whiteheadian Aesthetics and Beyond

Process and Aesthetics: An Outline of Whiteheadian Aesthetics and Beyond

Keber’ada’an Lgbt (Lesbian, Gay, Biseksual, dan Transgender) Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Proses Whitehead

The rise of LGBT cases is becoming a hot subject in the world as well as Indonesia, attracting researchers to see how it exists as an object as well as a subject. In addition, by knowing the existence of LGBT, it will also be known that its existence is a subjective, objective or relative phenomenon. This research is a type of library study research using the relevant theory reference, namely Whitehead's theory of Process Philosophy. From Whitehead's perspective, experiencing yourself intensively preoccupied with the conflict between oneself and all others in a harmonious union. Because values are determined by different things, the more an actual entity in the process of self-embodiment can distinguish itself from the other, the more intensive the actual entity experiences the subject, the more intensive it is to experience itself From the results of the literature study above showing that LGBT is the abnormality of sexual orientation influenced by the various factors that make it an independent subject. As a subject, LGBT is also an object for other subjects to form new subjects

Simple homotopy theory and nerve theorem for categories

We study a combinatorial homotopy theory for small categories without a loop (loopfree categories) which is closely related to Whitehead's simple homotopy theory for regular CW-complexes with triangular cells. Quillen's theorem A and the nerve theorem for loopfree categories are considered from the viewpoint of the simple homotopy theory. Moreover, we extend the classical nerve theorem and discuss an application to the topological data analysis for data-sets lying in a non-convex field.

Whitehead and Media Ecology

This article brings media ecology into conversation with Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy of organism in an effort to lure the former beyond its normally anthropocentric orientation. The article is divided into two parts. Part 1 spells out the way Whitehead's approach can aid media ecology in developing a less anthropocentric theory of communication. Part 2 engages more specifically with Mark B. N. Hansen's Feed-Forward: On the Future of Twenty-First-Century Media. Hansen's work is an example of the exciting new directions opened up for media theory by Whitehead's panexperientialist ontology, but I argue that Hansen's attempt to "invert" Whitehead's theory of perception is based on a terminological confusion

The future as proposition ― the scope of Whitehead's theory of proposition

The future as proposition ― the scope of Whitehead's theory of proposition

Aeroelastic instability analysis of a turbomachinery cascade with magnetorheological elastomer based adaptive blades

Torsional aeroelastic analysis of a turbomachinery cascade comprised of three-layered sandwich blades embedded with Magnetorheological Elastomer (MRE) core layer is carried out in this paper. The MRE material is used as a constrained damping layer between two elastic skins in order to investigate its effects on the aeroelastic stability of a blade cascade. To formulate the structural dynamic of the blades, torsional theory of rectangular laminated plates is used and the unsteady Whitehead's aerodynamic theory is employed to model the aerodynamic loadings. Assumed modes method and the Lagrange's equations are used to derive the governing equations of motion of the coupled aeroelastic system. Then, the effects of different parameters on flutter stability of the blades cascade are studied in details. It is found that the magnetic field and MRE layer thickness have significant influences on the flutter boundary of the system and the mistuning of the magnetic field intensity has beneficial effect on the flutter stability. Additionally, the results confirm that the concept of sandwich blades provided with MRE core has capability to utilize as a passive treatment in turbomachinery applications for improving the flutter characteristics of the blades.

Influence of various design parameters and unsteady flow on the fluid–structure interaction of a lightly cambered blade in a cascade

The aim of this paper is to report the results of the fluid–structure interaction study of a lightly cambered blade in a cascade under the influence of various inflow conditions and structural parameters, in a cost–effective manner. This work could be viewed as a preliminary design tool that provides the behavioral trend of the blade motion which will be useful when a detailed analysis has to be performed. The methodology employed to formulate the aerodynamic model for lightly cambered airfoils follows the Whitehead's aerodynamic theory for a cascade of flat plates. The aerodynamic loads acting on a blade in a cascade of airfoils are computed to provide the required conditions for the structural model. The aeroelastic model thus formulated is employed to predict the structural response of a blade in a cascade subjected to both steady and unsteady flows. The possibilities of a blade undergoing pure bending or torsion, or coupled bending–torsion flutter are investigated in the present study. The utility of the already developed aerodynamic model is demonstrated by investigating the structural behavior of three different blade curvature profiles – Double Circular Arc (DCA), NACA 65, and NACA a=1.0 mean lines. The effects of various blade structural parameters such as mechanical damping, center of gravity and elastic axis offset, and cascade geometric parameters such as stagger angle and blade spacing on the blade aeroelastic response are analyzed. The flutter boundary for a range of frequency ratios is then examined. It has been found that compressor blades with frequency ratios close to unity are vulnerable to coupled bending–torsion flutter under the influence of an incoming steady flow. The growing torsional vibrations are in general registered for higher values of air velocity compared to the range of velocities favoring bending flutter. The influence of different compressor unsteady flows – rotating stall and surge, on the aeroelastic behavior of a lightly cambered blade is also examined in the present study.

화이트헤드의 감각론과 그 미적 함의

화이트헤드의 감각론과 그 미적 함의

English

According to Whitehead, the things of world are at the same time strange and provoking. We do not perceive them, but rather prehend them; they occupy us before we occupy them. The prehension happens at first as affection and only afterwards as cognition. Therefore, its approach is before anything else aesthetic, not ethical. Even so, beauty does not exist, for we are the ones who attribute beauty to a rose, for instance. In epistemology, his main concern is to understand how a subject feels the world which constantly provokes him. This essay wants to demonstrate the importance and the application of Whitehead's ideas to theory of communication. A provoking thought, which makes us think outside box and lose our grounds. In Whitehead's theory of events, the author argues that nothing dies and things reach a “final satisfaction”, a realization which, when realized, becomes datum to other living things. Thus, his philosophy is of the novelty, of the moment and of the concrescence. Key words: Philosophy of organism, prehension, event, concrescence, superject, theory of communication.

Quasi-Steady Prediction of Coupled Bending-Torsion Flutter Under Classic Surge

In this paper, a quasi-steady method is developed for predicting the coupled bending-torsion flutter in a compressor cascade during classic surge. The classic surge is one of the major compressor flow field instabilities involving pulsation of the main flow through the compressor. The primary reason for the occurrence of the classic surge is the stalling of the blade rows and if the conditions are favorable this can trigger flutter, which is a self-excited aero elastic instability. The classic surge flow is modeled by using the well-established model of Moore and Greitzer and the obtained flow condition is used to determine the aerodynamic loads of the cascade using the linearized Whitehead's theory. The cascade stability is then examined by solving the two dimensional structural model by treating it as a complex eigenvalue problem. The structural stability is analyzed for a range of values of the frequency ratio and primary emphasis is given for the frequency ratio value of 0.9 as many interesting features could be revealed. The cascade shows a bifurcation from bending flutter to the torsional one signifying that only one of the flutter modes are favored at any instant in time. The torsional flutter is found to be the dominant flutter mode for a range of frequency ratios during classic surge whereas the bending flutter is found to occur only for some values of frequency ratio very close to unity as the torsional loads acting on the blades are found to be orders of magnitude higher than the bending loads. A rapid initiation of torsional flutter is seen to occur during classic surge for frequency ratio values very close to unity and it is perceived that during blade design, frequency ratios should be kept below 0.9 to prevent the flutter possibilities. An estimate of structural energy variation with time indicates that even if the total structural energy is negative one of the modes can go unstable during classic surge.

Whitehead's Benedictine Ideal in Education: Rhythms of listening, reading and work

The article attempts to clarify the appeal to the Benedictine ideal that Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947) makes in The Aims of Education and Other Essays as a way to renew the life of the spirit in education. In particular, the essay will consider St. Benedict's three central themes of Whitehead's philosophy: freedom and discipline, the teacher as artist and the art of life, and universities as workshops or homes of creative energy. The aim is to bring about a harmony of thought and action, the mind to the feelings of the heart, to subordinate scientific or critical pedagogy to aesthetic‐spiritual instruction. This deserves our attention because today's educational theories and practices emphasize the technical, the critical, and the social sides to the neglect of the aesthetic‐spiritual side. On both its practical and theoretical side, the educational theory of Whitehead falls within the Benedictine tradition of ora (meditative reading) and labora (work).

Theoretical Maximum Limits on Power-Handling Capacity of HVDC Cables

In the case of an ac cable, power transmission is limited by the length of the cable due to the capacitive reactive current component. It is well known that high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables do not have such limitations. However, insulation-related thermal problems pose a limitation on the power capability of HVDC cables. The author presents a viable theoretical development, a logical extension to Whitehead's theory on thermal limitations of the insulation. The computation of the maximum power-carrying capability of HVDC cables subject to limits on the maximum operable temperature of the insulation is presented. The limitation on the power-carrying capability is closely associated with the electrothermal insulation failure. The effect of environmental interaction by way of external thermal resistance, an important aspect, is also considered in the formulations. The Lagrange multiplier method has been used to handle the ensuing optimization problem. The theory is based on an accepted theory of thermal breakdown in insulation and is an important and a coherent extension of great significance.

Deserted histories: The Lumière Brothers, the pyramids and early film form

When Alexandre Promio reached the shores of Alexandria in 1897, he began a voyage to capture Egyptian sites cinematically for the Lumière Brothers' film company. Among a number of these early films, his 50‐second shot of the pyramids at Giza, Les Pyramides (vue générale), is now understood as a monument within early film history and a testament to the international spread of the new medium. What the film offers, however, is less the novelty of seeing the pyramids, which were often depicted in paintings, lithographs and photography, than the novelty of seeing them in time. The article argues that Les Pyramides (vue générale) transforms the pyramids from mythologized and abstracted objects into a temporal event seen over a 50‐second duration. Juxtaposing the film alongside David Roberts' Approach of the Simoon, the article first explores how the film shifts the relation to the historical past located in the distinction between restoration and preservation. Then, turning to André Bazin's ‘The Ontology of the Photographic Image’ and Alfred North Whitehead's theory of the event, the article addresses how the film's realism derives less from what it depicts than with the duration of depiction itself. Les Pyramides (vue générale) ultimately challenges the thematic discussion of film in terms of objects and places and invites us to consider the implications of cinematic time in the history of film form.

Emergence and reference in Whitehead's Process and Reality

This article analyzes how the concept of symbolic reference arises from Whitehead's theory of perception. Perception is also the emergence of a new product in experience, an element of the self-creation of man, an individual synthesis, an exemplification of freedom. For Whitehead, it is the relationship between symbol and meaning, bidirectional and dual. The function of words involves enhancing the relevance of a meaning-event and making it communicable. The novelty emerging in the course of perception introduces a new intensity of individual feeling that is emphasized even more by the forming of propositions and evaluating them before the background of alternatives. Language and philosophy face the same paradox in the emergent continuity: how to handle the contrast between many things and one world. For Whitehead, the final metaphysical principle of the emergence of novelty is universally valid, and human beings crave novelty and fear it at the same time, searching for novelty without loss. Creativity arises par excellence in the phenomenon of originality of life and is completed by the adventure of human discoveries.