White Rose Research Articles

Foliar Fungicides as Protective Seed Piece Treatments for Management of Late Blight of Potatoes.

Fungicides receiving Section 18 emergency exemptions for management of the foliar phase of late blight of potato were evaluated as protective treatments for control of tuberborne inoculum of Phytophthora infestans in greenhouse and field studies. Three Section 18 products, Acrobat MZ (dimethomorph + mancozeb), Curzate M-8 (cymoxanil + mancozeb), and Tattoo C (propamocarb hydrochloride + chlorothalonil), when applied to the seed piece prior to inoculation with P. infestans, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased sprout emergence, compared with the inoculated water control. Of the three Section 18 products, Curzate M-8 was frequently the most effective. The increase in plant emergence with the protective seed piece treatment was seen with cultivars that differ in susceptibility to late blight, two genotypes (US-8 and US-11) of P. infestans, zoospore and sporangial inocula, and at different inoculation sites on the seed piece. In greenhouse studies, percent emergence with the protective seed piece treatments averaged 74% for cv. White Rose and 44% for cv. Shepody, compared with 9 and 8% for the inoculated water control of the respective cultivars. In field studies, when inoculum was placed either adjacent to or 4 cm away from the sprout, plant emergence of the inoculated water control was 12 and 36%, respectively. Application of the fungicides to the seed piece prior to inoculation increased emergence by an average of 700 and 212% for the respective inoculation sites. There was no evidence for translocation of the fungicides to the emerging foliage in concentrations high enough to prevent foliar infection from airborne inoculum of P. infestans. Control of tuberborne inoculum of P. infestans with appropriate seed piece treatments will result in an increase in plant emergence and improved crop uniformity.

Are We Victims Yet? Resistance and Community in The White Rose, Five Last Days, and The Nasty Girl

(1998). Are We Victims Yet? Resistance and Community in The White Rose, Five Last Days, and The Nasty Girl. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 86-100.

Relative Resistances of Potato Clones in Response to New and Old Populations ofPhytophthora infestans

Potato cultivars and clones were evaluated in Washington and New York in 1993 and 1994 for field reaction to recent immigrant genotypes of Phytophthora infestans. Plants were visually evaluated at regular intervals for percent blighted foliage. Relative cultivar susceptibilities were compared by ranking the values obtained for areas under disease progress curves (AUDPC) of each line tested. Cultivar rankings in response to infection by new, immigrant isolates of P infestans were nearly identical to rankings obtained previously with isolates prevalent prior to 1990. The cultivars Norchip, Hilite, Russet Norkotah, Goldrush, Superior, and Shepody were more susceptible than Russet Burbank. White Rose and Ranger Russet were similar in susceptibility to Russet Burbank. C008-3008-1, ND-2438-7R, Kennebec, and Elba were less susceptible than Russet Burbank. Comparisons of the number of blighted tubers at harvest showed that foliage and tuber susceptibilities differed among cultivars. Shepody and Russet Norkotah tubers were most susceptible to tuber blight of those tested.

A study of B. Traven's fiction: the journey to Solipaz

This is a comprehensive literary study of Traven's work. It concentrates on Traven's major works of fiction published in English, which various critics have compared to those of Melville, Conrad, Hemingway and other great writers. The Death Ship, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, The Bridge in the Jungle, The Cotton-Pickers, The White Rose, and the Jungle Novels are treated, along with the short stories The Night Visitor and Macario.

Chlorophyll, Chlorogenic Acid, Glycoalkaloid, and Protease Inhibitor Content of Fresh and Green Potatoes

Exposure of commercial White Rose potatoes to fluorescent light for 20 days induced a time-dependent greening of potato surfaces; an increase in chlorophyll, chlorogenic acid, and glycoalkaloid content (α-chaconine and α-solanine); and no changes in the content of inhibitors of the digestive enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase A. The minimum chlorophyll level of the light-stored potatoes was 0.5 mg/100 g of fresh potato weight. Unstored potatoes contained no chlorophyll. Storing potatoes in the dark did not result in greening or chlorophyll formation. Chlorogenic acid and glycoalkaloid levels of dark-stored potatoes did increase but less than in the light-stored potatoes

Apple, Leafhopper Test, 1993

Abstract A 10 year-old apple orchard, variety ‘Red Delicious’ was used in this test. Single tree plots, replicated 4 times/variety in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed to runoff (ca 3 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun operated at 200 psi. Treatments were applied at petal fall (PF—11 May), 5th cover (5th—12 Jun) and 6th cover (6th—3 Aug). The orchard was treated with Captan for disease control as needed. Weekly ERM counts were made by randomly selecting 20 leaves/tree, brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Triton B-1956, and counting motile ERM and AF. Mite-days (MD) were calculated as: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 × 7], where MD1 = mitedays already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given sample date and M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next sample date. Leafhoppers (White apple and/or Rose) were evaluated at 1,3, 7, 14, and 21 days post treatment using a 20 leaves/tree (PF) or 50 leaves/tree (5th and 6th) sample. Predatory coccinellids were sampled by 3 minute counts of larvae and adults. At harvest, 100 fruit/tree were collected and weighed, evaluated for spray injury, and rated (0%-100%) for russeting. Data were transformed to sqrt(x + 1) or arcsine(x) before ANOVA and comparison of means.

Black and White Visions of Welfare: Women's Welfare Activism, 1890-1945

One of the pleasures of historical scholarship is that it may lead into unexpected paths, and what begins as a frustration-say, from an apparent shortage of sources-may end as a new opening. This essay began as an attempt to examine gender differences in visions of public welfare among reformers. Having compiled material about women welfare activists who were mainly white, I found I could not distinguish the influence of gender from that of race in their perspectives. (Indeed, to many white historians, the racial characteristics of the white people we studied were invisible until we began to learn from minority historians to ask the right questions.) So I set up a comparison between black and white women welfare activists, with results that were illuminating about both groups. Three major areas of difference between black and white women's ideas emerged: first, about the nature of entitlement, between a black orientation toward universal programs, and a white orientation toward supervised, means-tested ones; second, in attitude toward mothers' employment; third, in strategies for protecting women from sexual exploitation. In what follows I want both to show how those differences were manifest and to suggest their roots in historical experience.' Several historians have recently studied black women's civic contributions, but black women's reform campaigns have not usually been seen as part of welfare history. How many discussions of settlement houses include Victoria Earle Matthews's White Rose Mission of New York City, or Margaret Murray Washington's Elizabeth Russell Settlement at Tuskegee, Alabama, orJanie Porter Barrett's Locust Street Social Settlement in Hampton, Virginia, or Lugenia Burns Hope's Neighborhood

Isozyme and plastid DNA assessment of pedigrees of nineteenth century potato cultivars

Isozyme and ctDNA RFLP patterns were determined for ten historically important potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosuni) in order to relate and confirm their pedigrees. Isozyme polymorphism was detected at 11 of 13 loci examined, whereas only T-type cytoplasm, the predominant ctDNA of S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, was observed. Isozyme analysis indicated that potato cultivars previously presumed to be derived from open-pollinated berries of Garnet Chili and Early Rose were in fact the result of hybridizations. In addition, putative pedigrees of Irish Cobbler, White Rose, and Bliss Triumph were not supported. Garnet Chili, the first derivative of Rough Purple Chili, carries allozmyes at Mdh-1 and Pgm-2, which supports the Chilean origin of Rough Purple Chili. The identical ctDNA pattern among the cultivars may indicate a common maternal lineage that traces through Garnet Chili to Rough Purple Chili. The allozyme frequencies estimated from these cultivars provide a base from which subsequent introductions of Solanum species into the ssp. tuberosum gene pool can be assessed.

The application of an excised root assay for the determination of susceptibility or resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. Goeldi) in potatoes (Solanum spp. L.)

Excised roots of six potato selections were challenged with egg inoculum of fourMeloidogyne species:M. chitwoodi, M. javanica, M. incognita, andM. hapla. The dual cultures were established under aseptic conditions in 60 × 15 mm petri plates on a defined agar medium. Egg hatch occurred within one week and galling within four weeks at incubation temperature of 24°C. All six potato selections, Russet Burbank, White Rose, PAS 3065,S. sparsipilum 365343.A19-12,S. sparsipilum ×S. phureja 856D68-1, and NDTX8731-1R supported reproduction of all fourMdoidogyne species. Corresponding greenhouse tests were run with eachin vitro experiment to establish the efficacy of this screening technique compared to greenhouse methods. Results from the greenhouse assays had less variation within cultivar treatment than did the results from thein vitro assays. Thein vitro assay, however, may be conducted with less labor, time, and greenhouse facility management.

Race before wicket: cricket, Empire and the White Rose

Race before wicket: cricket, Empire and the White Rose

Key Issues in Distance Education: An Academic Viewpoint

In asking Professor Borye Holmberg to wnte this keynote paper, I believe that I have found one of the most advanced thinkers and prolific wnters in European Distance Education. Professor Holmberg has a wide and interesting background. He has been Director General of the prestigzous Swedish Distance Education organisation, Hermods, and is currently Professor of the Methodology of Distance Education at the FernUniversitat, Hagen in West Germany. He is internationally known, having consulted in most of the continents of the world, and is a Past President of the International Council for Distance Education. He has written several books on the subject, is a Knight both of the Swedish Order of Vasa and of the Finnish Order of the White Rose, and has Honorary Doctoratesfirom the UK Open University and Deakin University in Australia.

Increased Chorismate Mutase Levels as a Response to Wounding in Solanum tuberosum L. Tubers

Discs excised from Solanum tuberosum L. cv White Rose tubers demonstrated a 4.5-fold increase in chorismate mutase activity 48 hours after excision. Incubation in the presence of cycloheximide (25 micromolar) or actinomycin D (100 micromolar) completely inhibited the wound response suggesting de novo synthesis of chorismate mutase. Ratios of activity in the presence of the activator tryptophan to that in the absence of tryptophan remained relatively constant during the induction period. This indicated either a constant ratio of tryptophan sensitive to tryptophan insensitive isozymes, or that only one form of chorismate mutase was present. Chromatography of crude extracts on three different columns yielded only one peak of chorismate mutase activity, activated by tryptophan in each case. Incubation under white light had no effect on chorismate mutase activity when compared to dark controls.

Purification and characterization of an inducible aromatic amino acid-sensitive form of chorismate mutase from Solanum tuberosum L. tubers

An amino acid-sensitive form of chorismate mutase (CM) has been purified over 1000-fold from disks excised from tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. cv White Rose. Purification was accomplished by chromatography on Matrix Blue A followed by affinity chromatography with tryptophan as ligand. CM assays performed in the absence of tryptophan yielded pH-dependent sigmoidal kinetics. At pH 8.0, sigmoidal kinetics were observed with a Hill coefficient of 1.66 ( S 0.5 = 188 μM). However, a shift from sigmoidal to hyperbolic kinetics was observed when assays were performed at pH 8.5. Addition of 9 μ m tryptophan to the assay resulted in maximum activation of the enzyme with a K a of 1.2 μ m. When assayed in the presence of tryptophan, hyperbolic kinetics were observed over the pH range 6.0–8.0. Addition of tryptophan also decreased the K m for chorismate from 185 to 45 μ m. Tryptophan (0.1 m m) completely protected CM from inhibition by phenylalanine (1.8 m m) and tyrosine (1.8 m m). However, in the absence of the activator, phenylalanine and tyrosine exhibited 50% inhibition at 0.80 and 0.68 m m concentrations, respectively. Both phenylalanine and tyrosine competitively inhibited CM activity with K i values of 550 and 440 m m, respectively. Arogenate (1.0 m m) had no effect on CM activity in either the presence or absence of tryptophan. Analytical isoelectric focusing yielded an isoelectric point of 4.73.

BOOK REVIEWS

Journal Article BOOK REVIEWS Get access Shattering the German Night: The Story of the White Rose, Annette E. Dumbach and Jud Newborn (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1986), 259 pp., $17.95. Philip P. Hallie Philip P. Hallie Wesleyan UniversityMiddletown, Connecticut Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Volume 3, Issue 2, 1988, Pages 232–233, https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/3.2.232 Published: 01 February 1988

BOOK REVIEWS

Journal Article BOOK REVIEWS Get access At the Heart of the White Rose: Letters and Diaries of Hans and Sophie Scholl, ed. Inge Jens, trans. J. Maxwell Brownjohn (New York: Harper & Row, 1987), 331 pp., $21.95. Barbara Mabee Barbara Mabee Oakland University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Volume 3, Issue 4, 1988, Pages 504–506, https://doi.org/10.1093/hgs/3.4.504 Published: 01 April 1988

New and Noteworthy

New and Noteworthy Marilyn Apseloff The Bumblebee Flies Anyway, by Robert Cormier (Pantheon, 1983). Comier;s new novel, set in an experimental hospital called the Complex, is a fascinating, slowly unraveling tale. Baney Snow, 16, a patient who is undergoing memory experiments, gets to know some of the terminally ill patients well, despite being warned not to. The novel has a well-structured plot and a strong, hopeful theme. Later Reading. (MA.) The Lucky Piece, by Francelia Butler (Van Vactor & Goodheart, 1984). In this autobiographical novel Susan, three when the story begins, suffers physical and mental abuse from her parents, especially from her mother, the instigator of most of her distress. The lives and actions of the various townspeople (the setting is northeastern Ohio early in this century) are observed by precocious Susan, intellectually brilliant but starved for love. When she finds it elsewhere a few years later, she welcomes it. Characters are reminiscent of Anderson's Winesburg, Ohio, seething under an outer layer of propriety and respectability. This is a gripping novel, unrelenting in its abuse. Advanced Reading. (M.A.) Prank, by Kathryn Lasky (Macmillan, 1984). Birdie Flynn's life and attitudes change when her brother Timmy is arrested for desecrating a synagogue. Perceiving her family more clearly, she struggles to improve their relationships and self images. Although Birdie acts and writes at times as if she were older than her teenage years, the novel is well written and thought-provoking. Later Reading. (M.A.) Poetspeak: In Their Work, About Their Work, selected by Paul B. Janeczko (Bradbury, 1983). This collection of contemporary poetry for older children contains commentaries in which the poets reveal difficulties they confront when [End Page 203] writing. Some speak about themselves, their likes and dislikes, as well as their work. The poems often have connections with each other in terms of subject matter in this excellent collection. Later Reading. (M.A.) The Random House Book of Poetry for Children, selected by Jack Prelutsky, illustrated by Arnold Lobel (Random House, 1983). Here is a fine collection of poems for elementary school children, delightfully illustrated. Most of the poets are from the twentieth century, and humor abounds. The poems are excellently arranged under fourteen subject headings. In addition to the usual author/title/first line indices, there is also one for subjects. Middle Reading. (M.A.) Holding Up the Sky: Young People in China, by Margaret Rau (Dutton, 1983). Life in China is presented through quite brief chapters illustrated with photographs, as various families are shown during ordinary and special times (working in a factory; a wedding; an earthquake). The information is interestingly presented, and dispel many stereotypes. Later Reading. (M.A.) Sexual Abuse: Let's Talk About It, by Margaret O. Hyde (Westminster, 1984). A timely book, this slim volume answers many questions about sexual abuse and provides some solutions. It contains an extensive list of Child Abuse Treatment Centers, plus bibliographical information for further reading. Hyde stresses the need to tell very young children, and puts concentrated emphasis on the fact that it is not the child's fault. The one drawback is that the book deals mostly with the abuse of girls. Later Reading. (M.A.) Jonah and the Great Fish, retold and illustrated by Warwick Hutton (Atheneum, 1983). This simple retelling of the Biblical story has beautiful, expressive pen and watercolor illustrations that capture the drama of the tale. All Readers. (M.A.) The Short Life of Sophie Scholl, by Hermann Vinke, translated from the German by Hedwig Pachter (Harper, 1984). Through conversations with Sophie's sister and others, and through letters and excerpts from Sophie's diary, Vinke has created a memorable portrait of a girl, her family, and her friends up to and including World War II. Sophie and her brother Hans were among the founders of The White Rose, a group who distributed anti-Nazi leaflets throughout Germany during the war. At the age of 21, she was caught and executed along with others, including her brother. Later Reading. (M.A.) Look! The Land Is Growing Giants, by Joan Finnigan, illustrated by Richard Pelham (Tundra, 1983). The giant Joe Montferrand goes west to seek his fortune and finds it...

Textural quality of cooked potatoes: II. Relationship of steam cooking time to cellular strength of cultivars with similar and differing solids

The relationship of steam cooking time with cellular strength of cultivars Chieftain, Kennebec, Russet Burbank and White Rose was compared within and among solids concentrations. Nitrogen fertilization had no discernible effect on cell wall strength. Cell strength of Kennebec and Russet Burbank was similar regardless of solids concentration or cooking time. However, cell strength of Chieftain and White Rose differed with solids concentration and cooking time. Knowledge of cell strength and its characteristics with cooking time appear important for understanding the differences in textural quality that exists between cultivars.

Uniformity among virus-free clones of ten potato cultivars

Heat therapy and meristem tip propagation were used to develop two or three virus-free clones of 10 cultivars from the following sources: Epicure from British Columbia and Scotland; Katahdin, Kennebec, Keswick, Red Pontiac and Sebago from British Columbia and New Brunswick; Norchip from Alberta, Quebec and Washington; Norland from Alberta, British Columbia and North Dakota; Red La Soda from British Columbia, Nebraska and North Dakota; and White Rose from British Columbia and North Dakota. Tests prior to treatment showed that all but one of the stocks were infected with potato virus X and/or potato virus S but in only five of the ten cultivars were all clones infected with the same virus or viruses. Field trials with the virus-free clones, which extended over four years, showed that one of the Norchip clones produced fewer tubers per plant than two other clones in three years of the four years, but no consistent differences in yield or specific gravity of tubers were found among the clones of any of the 10 cultivars.

Significance of the fructose/glucose ratio in screening potato breeding lines with processing potential

Low sugar accumulation during low temperature holding is a most sought after characteristic in a potato cultivar utilized for processing. Although this property is largely inherited, the lack of a reliable biochemical test capable of screening large numbers of new breeding lines with low sugar accumulating ability has hampered present selection procedures of plant breeders. This study examined the concentration of individual sugar components and the ratios of sugar components from 80 to 110 day-old plants of three commercial potato cultivars, White Rose, Russet Burbank and Norchip, each with different inherent capacity to accumulate sugars under low temperature holding. By determining the fructose and glucose concentration of potatoes from 110-day old plants and calculating the fructose/ glucose ratio, it was possible at harvest to separate cultivars that accumulate high concentrations of sugars during cold storage from those that accumulate low concentration of sugars

Efficiency of nitrogen uptake by potatoes

White Rose potatoes were fertilized with isotopically labeled ammonium sulfate at rates of 67, 134, 202 and 270 kg N/ha to evaluate N uptake efficiency. All N application increased yields above the control, however the 3 higher N rates produced the same yields statistically. All N rates which maximized yields maintained petiole levels of total N above 600 ppm.