White Rats Rattus Norvegicus Research Articles

Effect of Ethanol on the kidney of the white rat Rattus norvegicus followed by treatment with camel milk (histological study)

This study was designed to identify the influence of alcohol in the inducing histological lesions in the kidney of white rats and the possibility of treating these effects by using camel milk. In this study ,12 rats were used and randomly divided into three groups each group contained four animals, the first group was control group had been fed by usual diet and administrated by distilled water, second and third groups administrated by ethanol for 3 months (a dose began at 10% v / v / day and gradually increase to up to 15% v / v / day), then Group C were treated by camel milk with open dose for one month , the results of the current study, showed that the second group occurrence of a number of histopathological lesions in the kidney tissue represented by infiltration of lymphocytes with the occurrence of fibrosis within the overall tissues and thickening walls of the blood vessels in addition to the destroyed of some glomeruli and desquamation of the lining epithelial of proximal and distal tubules and destroyed of others , and accumulation of hyaline crystals in lumen of others, As for the third group it had been observed most of the kidney tissues returned to a semi-natural state.

Effects of Ovariectomy and Dieting with Nano Calcium Phosphate on Bone Quality in White Rats Rattus norvegicus

Calcium supplements are widely used to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis and can be used as a treatment along with other drugs. The effect of this supplement can be seen from the improved bone quality. The focus in this study was to analyze the quality of femur bone based on the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity from ovariectomized Rattus norvegicus where the treatment of various nano calcium phosphate diets (1.0×; 1.5× and 2.0× normal needs, respectively called A, B and C diets) also given. In the amount of 40 white female rats age 12 weeks were ovariectomized and 5 sham rats were nurtured. The group of sham was given euthanasia treatment at age 13 weeks, while ovariectomized group was treated euthanasia at age 17 and 21 weeks. At the age of 25 weeks after ovariectomy, the rats were treated with a nano calcium phosphate diet where analysis was performed when they were 31 and 40 weeks old. In each harvest, proximal femur part was collected and characterized by using FTIR Spectroscopy. Rat bone quality shows osteoporosis trait for the first time at age 21 weeks or after 9 weeks of ovariectomy with the mineral maturity and degree of crystallinity decreased in the amount of 1.16 and 2.27 %, respectively compared to femur bone from sham rat group. The dietary treatment study conducted showed that the group of rats fed the A diet had not a significant changes (p < 0.05) in the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity, while giving B or C diet had a significant increase in the mineral maturity at 40 weeks of age or after 15 weeks on a diet. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of the rats fed B diet (6 weeks) was faster than the group fed C diet (15 weeks). Therefore, diet B is recommended because it is more efficient and effective based on the time it increases the degree of crystallinity and the cost of producing the diet.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Ovariectomy is one of the treatments that can condition the bones of rats to have osteoporosis. One of the bone parts of rats that are often affected by osteoporosis is the femur
 Bones of rats that have osteoporosis can be restored by giving a nano calcium phosphate diet
 Parameters that can be analyzed regarding the decline and improvement of bone quality include mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity. Assessment of these parameters can be done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Effectivity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and zinc combination to sperms of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to monosodium glutamate

Factors causing infertility include unhealthy lifestyle, such as excessive use of MSG which can produce free radicals and can affect morphology and motility of spermatozoa. Antioxidant is needed to prevent free radicals, which can be obtained from various sources such as tomatoes and zinc. This study was used experimentally with post test only control group design with divided into 5 groups (K1 to K5). K1 were exposed standard feed, K2 were exposed to 4 mg/day of MSG, K3 were exposed 3.7 g/day of tomatoes + 4 mg/day of MSG, K4 were exposed 0.27 mg/day of zinc + 4 mg/day of MSG and K5 were exposed combination of 3.7 g/day of tomatoes + 0.27 mg/day of zinc + 4 mg/day of MSG. Tomatoes or zinc and the combination of tomatoes and zinc were effective to improve the morphology and motility of male white rats Rattus norvegicus spermatozoa which were exposed to MSG. The combination of tomatoes and zinc were the most effective in improving morphology and motility of spermatozoa exposed to MSG.

LIGHT AND PREGNANCY: THE RESULTS OF EXPERIMENT

Objective – to establish the presence of interrelation between the functioning of the pineal gland, immune system and progress of pregnancy.Material and methods. The study was conducted on 20 sexually mature nonlinear female white rats Rattus Norvegicus Wistar, which had not given birth (study group). The control group consisted of 16 female rats with the same parameters. After pregnancy occurrence the animals of the study group were exposed to light in regimen 24 hours by halogenic lamps of “white” light; the rats of control group were kept in regimen “12 hours of light/12 hours of darkness”. In 21 days after confirmation of pregnancy the rats were slayed. The concentrations of melatonin and interleukines in the blood of animals were studied. The uteruses of the slayed animals were histologically examined. Results. The termination of pregnancy was found at histological examination in all rats of study group, whereas in the control group the pregnancies were developed normally. The significant decreasing of the melatonin concentration was found in the blood of the rats of the group under study, comparing to the control (74,79±14,51 pg/ml, in the control group 245,00±32,26 pg/ml, p<0,01), as well as the increasing of the level of IL-6 (5,59±1,02 pg/ml, in control group 1,28±0,54 pg/ml, p<0,05).Conclusions. The depression of the functioning of the pineal gland, caused by light, has the direct influence on pregnancy process, and may even be a reason for pregnancy termination; the activation of pro-inflammatory immunity has been noticed in this case.

ШИШКОПОДІБНА ЗАЛОЗА, РЕПРОДУКТИВНА СИСТЕМА ТА ВАГІТНІСТЬ

Мета дослідження. Встановити наявність взаємозв’язку між роботою шишкоподібної залози, репродуктивної системою, та вагітністю.Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проведено на 20 статевозрілих нелінійних білих щурах Rattus Norvegicus Wistar жіночої статі, які не народжували (дослідна група). Контрольну групу складали 16 щурів жіночої статі з такими ж параметрами. Після настання вагітності тварини дослідної групи піддавалися освітленню в режимі 24 години на добу за допомогою галогенних ламп «білого» світла, щурі контрольної групи перебували в режимі «12 годин світла/ 12 годин темряви». Після 21 дня з моменту підтвердження вагітності щурів дослідної групи забивали. Матки забитих щурів піддавалися патогістологічному дослідженню.Результати дослідження і їх обговорення. У всіх щурів дослідної групи виявлено припинення розвитку вагітності, тоді як в контрольній групі вагітності розвивалися нормально. Патогістологічне дослідження підтвердило зміни ендометрію, характерні для вагітності.Висновок. Пригнічення функції шишкоподібної залози, викликане освітленням, безпосередньо впливає на процес вагітності, і може викликати навіть його переривання.

Tomato (Lycopersicum commune) Juice and Physical Exercise Increase Number of Neurons and ERβ expression in Post-Ovariectomy Rats Brain

Background: Estrogen deficiency condition can degrade the quality of life, decline in cognitive function will be more severe trough age. Phytoestrogen compounds can be found in pegaga leaf extract, tomatoes, and papaya is an easy and inexpensive way to increase estrogen levels in post menopause women through extra gonadal estrogen induction. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the effect of tomato juice, physical exercise, and combination of these treatments on promoting neurons and ER? expression in somatosensory cortex that contribute to cognitive function of post-ovariectomy rats. Method: Twenty-eight female healthy Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus), 8-10 weeks old, from Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University include in this experiment. The animals were housed in the animal-care facility with ad libitum food and water. The temperatur was maintained at 18°C-24°C. The treatments were done 2 weeks after ovariectomy. Tomato were made in Laboratory of Pharmacognocy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, from inner part of the tomato fruits (mucous like substance) with freeze dry method (-40°C). Results: The weight of white rat Rattus norvegicus post ovariectomy in this study was between 133-170 gram with a mean weight 154.32 ± 9.72 gram. Hematoxylin/eosin staining showed neuronal deficit in the control rats brain. In figure 1, the tomato group showed the largest of neurons number (145.43 ± 17.728), followed the combination group (140.57 ± 22.449), the exercise group (136.86 ± 23.104) and the smallest number in the control group (96.43± 28.965). Four weeks after treatments the number of neurons increased significant in the tomato group (p=0.001), exercise group (p=0.004) and combination group (p=0.002) from the control group. This study showed no significant different between tomato and exercise group (p=0.500), tomato and combination group (p=0.701) and between exercise and combination group (p=0.769). Conclusions: In conclusion, our data demonstrated that post ovariectomy rats showed deficit numbers of neurons and decreased ER? in the somatosensory cortex. Treatment with physical exercise, tomato juice, and combination of these treatments increased the number of neurons and ER? expression in the somatosensory cortex.

EFEK PAPARAN DEKOK BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu) TERHADAP MOTILITAS SPERMATOZOA TIKUS (Rattus norvegicus): UPAYA MENEMUKAN KANDIDAT ANTIFERTILITAS PRIA (The Effect of Betel Nut Extract (Areca catechu) on Mice Spermatozoa Motility (Rattus norvegicus: Effort to Find Out Man Antifertility Candidate)

This research was conducted to prove the ability of betel nut extract (Areca catechu) in causingdegradation of sperm motility on rats (Rattus norvegicus) strain Wistar. This research used 2-3 monthsage, 200-250 g body weight of male white rats Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar. The rats were dividedinto 5 groups in equal number, 3 rats each group. They were a control group without treatment and 4treatment groups which were given different doses of betel nut extract for 7 days, i.e., 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/200g body weight respectively. The result showed that increasing doses of betel nut extract can result indegradation of sperm motility significantly (P0.05).Keywords: Areca catechu, Rattus norvegicus, sperm motility

Erythrocytes of hetero- and homoiothermic animals under natural and artificial hypothermia

Using low-angle light scattering technique, the features of erythrocyte transformation dynamics (osmotic fragility, the hemolysis level and ratio of different cell forms determined by the spherical index) were revealed in hetero- (golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus) and homoiothermic (white rats Rattus norvegicus) animals under natural (hibernation) and artificial (suspended animation) hypometabolic states, craniocerebral and immersion hypothermia. In control, golden hamsters exhibited higher levels of erythrocyte osmotic fragility and hemolysis than rats, with transformed erythrocytes (especially stomatocytes) being prevalent. Under artificial hypothermia, regardless of the way of its attaining, depth and duration, the changes were observed that were similar in their directionality but dissimilar in the degree of manifestation: increased osmotic fragility and hemolysis, reduced portion of discocytes (particularly sharp in golden hamsters under suspended animation), increased number of transformed erythrocytes. In contrast, under hibernation the osmotic fragility, hemolysis and number of stomatocytes decreased, the portion of discocytes increased, while the number of prehemolytic forms (spherocytes) also increased. In 24 h, both the osmotic fragility (stronger in hamsters after suspended animation) and the level of hemolysis (particularly after immersion hypothermia) decreased, the portion of discocytes recovered (even exceeding the control level in hamsters after suspended animation and in rats after immersion hypothermia), spherocytes were not detectable in hamsters but elevated in rats. It is likely that the qualitative changes in the erythrocyte population towards its homogeneity detected 24 hours after hypothermia may be mediated not only by the elimination of old and defective cells, erythropoiesis activation and production of high-resistant erythrocytes but also by the fine membrane-stabilizing mechanisms.

Three-dimensional microvasculature in rat and human hearts using a non-injection Ca2+-ATPase method on thick and ultra-thick sections.

Currently there are no methods available for staining rat and human myocardial microvasculature on thick sections that would allow for specific staining and differentiation of arterioles, venules, and capillaries. A non-injection technique is described that allows for labeling of the microvascular bed (MVB) in formalin-fixed pieces of the myocardium from humans and the white rat Rattus norvegicus, as well as human full-mount pericardium. Vessel staining is based on the activity of phosphatases (ATPases) and the precipitation of the released phosphate with calcium ions at high pH (pH 10.5-11.5). The resulting precipitate subsequently is converted to black or brown lead sulfide. The specificity of this reaction to vessels of the MVB allows arterioles, venules, capillaries, and pre- and postcapillaries to be clearly visualized in thick (60-100 µm) and ultra-thick (300-500 µm) sections against an unstained background of muscle and connective tissue. In addition, smooth muscle cells of arterioles are also stained allowing for differentiation between arteriolar and venular beds. These observations have not been reported in rat or human myocardium using other methods. This procedure should benefit studies of coronary microcirculation in experimental and pathological conditions, as well as in pharmacological investigations.

CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 (COX-2) EXPRESSION ON TESTIS CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF Rattus norvegicusAFTER TREATMENT WITH BETEL NUT EXTRACT (Areca catechu)

Betel nut contains alcaloids such as arecoline, arecaine, arecaidine, arecolidine, guvacine, guvacoline and isoguvasine. Arecoline has ability to change gonad morph-function, including shape abnormality of sperm. This research was conducted to prove the ability of betel nut extract (Areca catechu) in causing apoptosis on testis connective tissue of Rattus novergicus. This research used male; 2-3 months age, 150-200 grams body weight of white rats Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar. The rats were divided into 5 groups in equalnumber, 3 rats respectively. They were a control group without treatment and 4 groups as treatment groups which were given doses of betel nut extract, i,e., 1, 2, 3  and 4 gram during seven days. The result showed that dose variation ofbetel nut extract could induction of COX-2 expression on rats (Rattus norvegicus) strain Wistar testicular seminiferous tubule. Keywords: Betel nut extract, Rattus norvegicus, testis, cyclooxygenase-2

The three-dimensional detection of microvasculatory bed in the brain of white rat Rattus norvegicus by a Ca 2+-ATPase method

A procedure is described which allows for the selective and non-injectional staining of the three-dimensional microvasculatory bed (MVB) in thick sections (60–140 μm) of formalin-fixed brain tissue of white rats Rattus norvegicus. This histochemical method detects ATPase activity and takes place between pH 10.5 and 11.2. Calcium ion is used to capture inorganic phosphate, calcium phosphate is converted to lead phosphate, and subsequently converted to black or dark brown lead sulfide. All vessels are revealed due to a precipitate on the endothelium and smooth muscle cells of arterioles. In some vessels, red blood cells also stain. The background is transparent with no staining of neurons, nerve fibers, glial cells, or nuclei. This allows for clear identification of arterioles, venules, and capillaries, which is difficult using other methods. New observations are described including the presence of webs connecting branching parts of arterioles and constrictions along vessels. This procedure should be useful in investigations of the MVB in rat brain.

Urine analysis of european moles Talpa europaea and white rats Rattus norvegicus kept on a carnivore's diet

1. 1. The urine compositions of the European mole Talpa europaea and of the white rat Rattus norvegicus (albino) kept on a carnivore's diet were compared. 2. 2. The urine of moles contained bicarbonate while that of rats kept on a carnivore's diet did not. 3. 3. Urine volume per 100 g body mass over 24 hr was significantly higher in the mole than in the rat. 4. 4. The results of this study suggest that the mole, like other subterranean mammals on the one hand and caecal fermenters on the other, may use its kidneys as a pathway for releasing bicarbonate in its hypercapnic environment.