White Powder Research Articles

Characterization of Banana Peel Pectin (Musa acuminata Colla) as a Potential Halal Pharmaceutical Excipient

Indonesian Halal Product Assurance Law No. 33 of 2014 states all products circulating in Indonesia must be halal-certified, including pharmaceuticals. Banana peel waste has the potential to produce pectin compounds as pharmaceutical excipients. This study is aimed at determining the characteristics of banana peel pectin as a potential halal pharmaceutical excipient. It has involved qualitative tests and established characteristics of extract pectin by organoleptic test, acidity (pH) test, solubility, equivalent weight, methoxyl concentration, galacturonic acid concentration, esterification degree, moisture content, and ash content. The yield of pectin produced was 17.19%. The qualitative test showed positive pectin, the characteristics of a white powder that is slightly ash, odorless, has a pH of 6.02, is soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol 96%, has an equivalent weight of 5,000 mg, methoxyl concentration of 2.6%, galacturonic acid concentration of 73.92%, esterification degree of 20.19%, moisture content of 7.139% and ash content of 1.6%. Based on the characterization results, banana peel pectin is, by pectin quality standards, a pharmaceutical excipient, especially as a raw material for manufacturing capsule shells, thickeners, and coating and gelling agents.

Viagra exposure effects on learning and memory, some neurotransmitters and oxidative indices in male mice

BackgroundViagra is a white crystalline powder, with a molecular weight of 666.7, covered with a blue shell and takes the shape of a diamond or a rhombus. Male Swiss white mice were used to study the effect of Viagra on learning behavior, some neurotransmitters, and indicators of oxidative stress. In the Shuttle box, Water-maze, and T-Maze tests, Viagra -treated males showed decreased body weight and improved learning behavior. AimThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Viagra oral administration on learning behavior, neurotransmitters, and oxidative markers in male mice. MethodsIn this study, Dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxyanisole (5-HA) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were all downregulated. Biochemical assays such as glutathione (GSH) and enzyme activity of Glutathione S Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Thiobarbituric acid relative substances (TBARS) was studied. ResultsThe results of this study show that the shuttle box test, Viagra exposure, water maize test, and t-maize test were all associated (p < 0.05). Exposure to Viagra decreased DA, 5-HT, AChE, GSH, GST, CAT, and SOD, although TBARS was significantly (p < 0.001) increased compared to their control groups. ConclusionThis study contained the necessary explanations that explain the causes of the effect of Viagra on learning and other data, depending on the results obtained and other previous studies in this field. In general, Viagra still needs more studies to detect its harmful effects on other aspects of human and animal health.

White Laue and powder diffraction studies to reveal mechanisms of HCP-to-BCC phase transformation in single crystals of Mg under high pressure

Mechanisms of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) to body-centered cubic (BCC) phase transformation in Mg single crystals are observed using a combination of polychromatic beam Laue diffraction and monochromatic beam powder diffraction techniques under quasi-hydrostatic pressures of up to 58 ± 2 GPa at ambient temperature. Although experiments were performed with both He and Ne pressure media, crystals inevitably undergo plastic deformation upon loading to 40–44 GPa. The plasticity is accommodated by dislocation glide causing local misorientations of up to 1°–2°. The selected crystals are tracked by mapping Laue diffraction spots up to the onset of the HCP to BCC transformation, which is determined to be at a pressure of 56.6 ± 2 GPa. Intensity of the Laue reflections from HCP crystals rapidly decrease but no reflections from crystalline BCC phase are observed with a further increase of pressure. Nevertheless, the powder diffraction shows the formation of 110 BCC peak at 56.6 GPa. The peak intensity increases at 59.7 GPa. Upon the full transformation, a powder-like BCC aggregate is formed revealing the destructive nature of the HCP to BCC transformation in single crystals of Mg.

High gelatinous salted duck egg white protein powder gel: Physicochemical, microstructure and techno-functional properties.

Salted duck egg is one of the most popular products, and China is one of the major countries consuming salted duck egg products. However, due to the high salt content of salted egg white and low physical and chemical properties such as gel, many factories generally only use salted egg yolk and discard salted duck egg white (SDEW) as a waste liquid when processing. This is not only a waste of resources, but also a pollution to the environment. In this paper, protein powder was prepared from salted egg white. Then xanthan gum (XG) was added to make it co-gel with ovalbumin to achieve the purpose of preparing high gelatinous salted egg white protein powder. The results showed that the optimum conditions of SDEW-XG composite gel were as follows: the xanthan gum content was 0.08% (w/w), the reaction pH was 6.5, and the heating temperature was 100°C. Under these conditions, the gel strength reaches the maximum value. Meanwhile, compared with the protein powder without xanthan gum, the addition of xanthan gum significantly affected the secondary structure of the protein powder of SDEW and improved the water holding capacity of the gel. In conclusion, the addition of xanthan gum can significantly improve the gel quality of SDEW protein powder, which provides a theoretical basis for the quality improvement of salted egg white.

Research on Composition of White Powders in High-voltage XLPE Cable with Buffer Layer Failure

Recently, a new type of high-voltage cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable failure called buffer layer failure occurs from time to time. The failure occurs at the cable body between the insulation screen and the aluminum sheath, which is different from the traditional one that occurs at the intermediate joint or cable accessory. The main feature is white corrosion marks on the inner surface of the aluminum sheath, dotted potholes, and ablation marks on the outer surface of the insulation screen. Especially there are dotted white powder and burnt holes on the surface of the water-blocking tape. Given the white powder in this new failure, imitating the actual structure of the cable, this paper builds a three-layer model of the buffer layer in the laboratory. The water-blocking tape is placed between the insulation screen and the aluminum sheath. The white powders were reproduced by injecting water into the tape and extruding it. The micro-morphology of white powder was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the element composition was measured by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the white powder of water-blocking tape contains Al, which is the product of a chemical reaction with an aluminum sheath.

Allergenicity of Egg White Powder Compared to Baked Egg White Powder

There are several new products with baked egg powder marketed for possible prevention of food allergies. Previous studies have shown that standard egg white powder is equivalent to raw egg whites in allergenicity. It is known that heating destroys many conformational epitopes and reduces allergenicity in eggs, thus our aim was to compare the binding of serum IgE from egg-allergic patients to different formulations of egg white powders to evaluate the possible allergenicity of these baked egg products.

Influence of selected gums on the foaming properties of egg white powders: Kinetics of foam formation and baking performance

In this study, the influence of three selected gums including neutral locust bean gum (LBG), guar gum (GG), and anionic xanthan gum (XG) on the foaming and baking properties of egg white (EW) powders were investigated. Results showed that the surface tension, particle size, viscosity and interfacial adsorption modulus of reconstituted EW solutions prepared by EW powders increased with the addition of gums, along with the decrease of surface hydrophobicity, especially in the presence of the anionic XG. The kinetic analysis of foam formation showed that the addition of gums, especially for LBG and GG, were beneficial to the rapid infiltration of air in foam, thus dramatically reducing the whipping time in the preparation of cake batter. Furthermore, the angel cakes prepared by reconstituted EW solutions containing LBG or GG had higher specific volume than fresh EW. These results showed that the addition of neutral gums can improve the baking performance of EW powders by increasing the foaming rate and capacity. This study provided an insight on improving the foaming performance of EW powders by incorporating gums.

Low-field NMR investigations on dynamics of crude oil confined into nanoporous silica rods and white powder.

In the present study, to mimic the natural confinement of crude oils, model experiments are conducted with crude oils having different physical properties and maltenes of parent crude oils without asphaltenes confined into engineered nanoporous silica rods with pore diameters of 2.5 and 10.0nm and white powdered nanoporous silica with pore diameters of 2.5 and 4.0nm. This will help with suggesting potential treatments for enhancing crude oil recovery. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxometry has been applied to achieve this goal. The nanoporous proxies resemble real-life nanoporous rocks of reservoirs. The dynamics of confined crude oils with different oAPI gravity deviate from bulk dynamics, and deviation changes depending on the oAPI gravity. This suggests that treatments must be decided appropriately before crude oil production. Similar treatments could be applied for light and medium-heavy crude oils. Mathematical analysis of NMR relaxation curves of confined crude oils with different fractions of SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) indicates that the conventional SARA approach needs a better definition for the confined state of matter. The NMR relaxation behavior of confined maltenes shows that resin molecules might act like saturates in natural confinement with various scale pores from nano to micro and even macro, or aromatics might show resin-like behaviors. Confinement of brine and a light crude oil into white powdered nanoporous silica proxies demonstrates that brine could be utilized along with some additives such as nanoparticles for oil recovery. Therefore, these issues must be evaluated in deciding the proper treatments for crude oil production.

A chemoenzymatic process for preparation of highly purified dehydroepiandrosterone in high space-time yield

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an important neurosteroid hormone to keep human hormonal balance and reproductive health. However, DHEA was always produced with impurities either by chemical or biological method and required high-cost purification before the medical use. To address this issue, a novel chemoenzymatic process was proposed and implemented to produce DHEA. An acetoxylated derivate of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD) was generated by chemical reaction and converted into DHEA by an enzyme cascade reaction combining a hydrolysis reaction with a reduction reaction. The hydrolysis reaction was catalyzed by a commercial esterase Z03 while the reduction reaction was catalyzed by E. coli cells co-expressing a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase SfSDR and a glucose dehydrogenase BtGDH. After the condition optimization, DHEA was synthesized at a 100 mL scale under 100 mM of substrate loading and purified as white powder with the highest space–time yield (4.80 g/L/h) and purity (99 %) in the biosynthesis of DHEA. The successful attempt in this study provides a new approach for green synthesis of highly purified DHEA in the pharmaceutical industry.

Transforming Pig’s Wash into Health Food: The Construction of Skimmed Milk Protein Powders

ABSTRACT In the late 1890s, chemists devised industrial processes to manufacture milk protein powders, now a major fitness food category. These peculiar and flavorless inventions were made from skimmed milk waste from modernised dairies. This paper explores why manufacturers made them and why the British ate them, by examining what commentators and eaters wrote and read about them. The two leading brands were near-identical materially, but became understood differently. Purportedly, Plasmon was a scientifically-advanced proteinaceous muscularizing product while Sanatogen was a phosphorated nerve supplement which imbued intellect and willpower. Their positionings were shaped by the myth-making power of advertising, amplified by the power of celebrity testimonies and the authority of scientific experts, and tempered by press and consumer’ reactions. Scientific knowledge was used reductively, and was shaped by cultural values. Consumers were complicit in this framing: the technification of these white powders provided mechanisms for self-improvement. Consumers simply needed to swallow.

Physicochemical and functional properties of egg white peptide powders under different storage conditions.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of different storage conditions (temperature and relative humidity) on the physicochemical and functional properties of egg white peptide powders (EWPPs). The samples (EWPPs) were stored for 28 d under four conditions (4°C, 50% RH; 4°C, 75% RH; 25°C, 50% RH; 25°C, 75% RH). Results showed that storage temperature and relative humidity had a significant effect on the physicochemical and functional properties of EWPPs. The contents of antioxidant amino acids such as histidine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and lysine were reduced significantly under different storage conditions, which resulted in the decrease of the antioxidant activity of EWPPs. Circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis indicated that the secondary structure of EWPPs changed from the regular structure to the irregular coiled structure during the storage. Additionally, the hydrophobic groups of the EWPPs originally embedded inside the molecules were exposed to the surface of the molecules during the storage, which led to an aggregation of EWPPs molecule and a decrease in solubility of EWPPs. The aggregation of EWPPs molecules resulted in a decrease in emulsification, emulsification stability, foaming ability and foaming stability of the EWPPs. Therefore, different storage conditions do have an impact on the physicochemical and functional properties of EWPPs. Lower temperature and humidity storing conditions were beneficial to retain the functional property of the EWPPs.

B Flach! B Flach!

B Flach! B Flach!

Effects of White Chicken Eggshell Powder on Compressive Strength, Water Solubility, and Setting Time of Calcium-Enriched Mixture.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding chicken eggshell powder (CESP) to calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement on its compressive strength (CS), solubility, and setting time. In this study, CESP was added at weight percentages of 3% and 5% to the powder component of the CEM cement. To measure the CS, a total of 36 samples (height, 6 mm; diameter, 4 mm) were tested in a universal testing machine. The setting time was assessed for 18 disk-shaped samples (diameter, 10 mm; height, 1 mm). Additionally, solubility test was performed on 18 samples (diameter, 8 mm; height, 1 mm) after 24 hours, 72 hours, seven days, and 14 days under dehydration conditions by calculating the weight changes; the results were then subjected to a normality test. Next, for the comparison of different test groups, parametric ANOVA test and post-hoc Tukey's multiple comparison test were performed at a significance level of 0.05. The addition of 5% CESP to the CEM cement significantly reduced its setting time and water solubility (P=0.02 and P=0.01, respectively). Moreover, it significantly increased the CS over a 21-day period (P<0.001). Additionally, the addition of 3% CESP also resulted in a significant increase in CS (P<0.001). While 3% CESP reduced setting time and water solubility, the difference was not statistically significant. The findings suggest that the addition of 5% CESP to CEM cement has the potential to improve its sealing ability, durability, and ability to withstand chewing forces in endodontic treatments. These results highlight the relevance of CESP as an additive for cement modifications and indicate its potential clinical implications.

Synthesis and characterization of europium (III), terbium (III) complexes and their mixture for making white light emission powder

The enhanced luminescence of lanthanide complexes coordinated to antenna ligands has potential applications for developing devices like screens and lamps. Herein, three β-diketone antenna ligands were incorporated into Eu(III) and Tb(III) metals to synthesize five complexes. Their luminescence properties in solid state and the energy levels of the electronic states for the ligands and the metals were recorded and probed by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Under UV light, a white-light emission powder was observed by mixing red-emission europium and green-emission terbium complexes, with blue-emission laundry powder. The powder composition was tuned by using spectroscopic analysis and CIE 1931 color diagram.

Degradation of Phenol in the System TiO2 Nanoparticles and N-Containing Compound

The purpose this research was to study the decomposition of phenol in water under the influence of UV radiation in the presence of nanoparticles TiO2 and methyl-3-amicrotonate. The photochemical decomposition of phenol in the presence of UV in a system of TiO2+N containing substances was carried out. The TiO2 nanoparticles used in the reaction had a size from 10 to 30 nm and belonged to the rutile phase. Nano-TiO2 was studied by X-ray diffraction, TEM and SEM methods. All the XRD peaks were well-defined and corresponded to rutile phase TiO2. From the line broadening of the (101) diffraction peak by Scherrer’s method, the average crystal size TiO2 is about 10.3. The specific surface areas for TiO2 is 159.6 m2/g. X-ray structure analysis Fig of the studied nanocomposite materials were recorded on the Rigaku Mini Flex 600s powder diffractometer. X-ray tube with copper anode (Cu-Kα radiation, 30 kV and mA) was used to draw the diffraction specters at room temperature. At 2θ = 20and#176;- 80and#176; with discrete growth mode these specters were obtained as Δ2θ = 0.05and#176; and the exposure time was τ =5 seconds. The photochemical process lasted 1 hour using a very small amount of white powder and 0.05 gr of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel method and N-containing substance. For the process 1 mgL-1of phenol solution was used. The process was monitored with a spectrophotometer “Varian Cary 50”. After the photochemical decomposition of phenol, the reaction product was analyzed on an Agilent 6980N/5975 by the method GC-MSD. The goal was to determine the percentage of photochemical decomposition of phenol in TiO2+N system and 60% decomposition of phenol was defined.

Rapid qualitative detection of titanium dioxide adulteration in persimmon icing using portable Raman spectrometer and Machine learning

Persimmon icing is the white crystalline powder that adheres to the surface of persimmon cakes when the sugar in the persimmon spills over during processing, which is considered the essence of persimmon. Titanium dioxide is a food additive that is commonly added to the surface of persimmon cakes to impersonate high-quality persimmon cakes. However, excessive titanium dioxide can be harmful to humans, so a quick method is needed to identify persimmon cakes as adulterated. Raman spectroscopy with distinctive advantages of water-insensitivity, real-time, field-deployable, label-free, and fingerprinting-identification has been rapidly developed and used in food quality assurance and safety monitoring. In this study, we investigated Raman spectroscopy integrated with machine learning to assess titanium dioxide adulteration in dried persimmon icing. The adaptive iterative reweighting partial least squares (air-PLS) algorithm as an effective algorithm was used to remove fluorescent background signals in raw Raman spectroscopy. Principal components analysis (PCA) was employed to analyze the spectral data and determine the class memberships, and results showed that 99.9% of information could be explained by PC-1 and PC-2. Compared with extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector machine (SVM), back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), and random forest (RF) models, one-dimensional stack auto encoder convolutional neural network (1D-SAE-CNN) could provide the highest detection accuracy of 0.9825, precision of 0.9824, recall of 0.9825, and f1-score of 0.9824. This study shows that Raman spectroscopy coupled with 1D-SAE-CNN is a promising method to detect titanium dioxide adulteration in persimmon icing.

Effects of Solvent Treatment on the Formation of Oxygen Vacancy in TiO2 via Vacuum Annealing

In this work, vacuum annealing of hydrothermally prepared titanium dioxide (TiO2) washed with water (W-TiO2) or ethanol (E-TiO2) at different temperatures was performed. Total organic carbon and Fourier transform infrared characterizations confirm the adsorption of washing solvents by TiO2. As the vacuum annealing temperature increases, W-TiO2 appears as white powders, whereas E-TiO2 shows a gradually deepening color with certain absorption of visible light due to the pyrolysis of ethanol. Electron paramagnetic resonance analyses demonstrate that the crystallization of W-TiO2 creates oxygen vacancy (Vo), and the pyrolysis of ethanol favors its formation in E-TiO2. Diffuse reflectance spectra and photocatalytic performances of all TiO2 photocatalysts suggest that Vo is not responsible for visible light absorption. Our work proves that the formation of Vo in TiO2 via vacuum annealing is influenced by the solvent treatment and gives new insights into the origin of Vo as well as its role.

Ganaxolone for management of seizures associated with CDKL5 deficiency disorder

STRUCTURE: Ganaxolone is a 3β-methylated synthetic analog of the natural neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a metabolite of progesterone. It is also called 3α-hydroxy-3β-methyl-5α-pregnan-20-one and has a molecular formula C22H36O2, with a molecular weight of 332.5 g/mol. The 3β-methyl substitution prevents rapid metabolism and thus increases its stability (terminal half-life: 34 h). Ganaxolone is a white crystalline powder that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.

Cosmetics Science

Cosmetics are substances that want to reinforce the appearance or odour of the human body. The word cosmetics derives from the Greek word which suggests the technique of dress &amp; ornament Women need to colour their cheeks in colour by first coating their face, neck, and other spare a white powder without knowing that white powder contained lead that destroys their complexion after a certain period. Modern cosmetics include skin-care preparations; foundation, powder, and rouge (blusher); eye makeup; lipstick; shampoo; hair curling and straightening preparation; colours dyes, and bleaches; and nail enamel. Related products include antiperspirants, mouthwashes, depilatories, astringents, bath crystals, and much of other types of products.

Bright and Stable Luminescence of CsPbX3 Nanocrystals in ZrO2 Skeletons for White Light Emitting Diodes

Inorganic perovskite (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I) nanocrystals (NCs) have been recognized as ideal luminescent materials for display fields owing to their superior optical and electronic properties. However, the poor stability of NCs seriously restricts practical applications. In this paper, CsPbX3 NCs with different emitting colors from blue to red were encapsulated in ZrO2 skeletons in situ using a hot injection method to overcome poor stability. The CsPbX3 NCs were well dispersed in ZrO2 skeletons, in which the photoluminescence (PL) properties were improved. On the one hand, the NCs with brighter PL, higher stability, and narrower PL spectrum were obtained by in situ growth. On the other hand, these perovskite NCs were embedded in white powder ZrO2, effectively preventing its deterioration in wet and light conditions. The fluorescence of the composites was regulated by controlling the proportion of halogen ions in the CsPbX3@ZrO2 composite. A flexible thin film with bright luminescence and high stability was prepared. Furthermore, CsPbX3@ZrO2 composites were applied to make simple light emitting diodes (LEDs). White LEDs were fabricated by using blue-emitting CsPb(Cl/Br)3@ZrO2, green-emitting CsPbBr3@ZrO2, and red-emitting CsPb(Br/I)3@ZrO2 composites. The Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage color coordinates of the white LEDs were (0.31, 0.33) and are within the white light range. This work provides an effective strategy for binding perovskite NCs to inorganic substrates for luminescent display fields.