White Panel Research Articles

Visible Corrosion Damage in Carbonated Reinforced Concrete

Abstract This study discusses visible corrosion damage due to carbonation in concrete balconies and facades. The focus of the study was to find out how the age of the structure, cover depth of concrete, carbonation coefficient, capillarity of concrete and the climate affect visible corrosion damage. The research data consist of condition investigation reports of existing concrete balconies and facades built between 1948 and 1996. Balcony slabs and brushed painted facades were the most prone to visible corrosion damage. None of the researched panels met the required minimum cover depth of reinforcement even at the time of construction. However, most of the visible damage on the database was localized damage and there was not much visible corrosion damage. The carbonation coefficient of balconies was higher than the carbonation coefficient of facades. Brushed painted facade panels had clearly higher carbonation coefficient than other facade panels. The carbonation coefficient was considerably lower on white concrete panels compared to other panel types. When capillarity of concrete raises, the carbonation rate of concrete increases slightly. However, no correlation can be seen. The capillarity of concrete and the carbonation rate of concrete had a major range.

AN EVALUATION ON CONCEPTUAL SIGNIFICANCE IN ART

The concept of art, which has a spiritual meaning in its essence, is the transformation of the created concrete world into qualified objects in the artist's production with the method of imitation and repetition. This transformation makes it necessary to make sense of the concepts related to the object of art. In the historical process of art, getting rid of purely aesthetic concerns and starting to form the predominant side of thought causes the conceptual dimension of the object to be questioned. Some cornerstone works such as Marcel Duchamp's urinal, Robert Rauschenberg's white panels or Malevich's Black Square stand out by gaining value with the new conceptual meanings they add to art with their approaches in the background. In this study, some concepts in art will be examined and evaluations will be made through meaning and concept terminology. Keywords: Meaning in art, conceptual art, phenomenon in art

Racial and Age-Related Differences in Impacts of High-Risk Cytogenetic Abnormalities on Survival in Multiple Myeloma in a Nationwide Electronic Health Record-Derived Database

Background: The incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) and enrichment of cytogenetic abnormalities differ significantly between racial/ethnic groups in the US, and their significance in determining myeloma progression and survival is not well understood. Whole genome sequencing has identified unique mutational signatures in MM, including an age-related process common in hyperdiploid myeloma. Our purpose was to describe racial and age-related differences in the impact of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCAs) on survival in MM.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult MM patients starting first-line therapy between January 2011 and May 2021 using the nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived de-identified database. Patient-level demographic and clinical characteristics were ascertained using structured and unstructured data, curated via technology-enabled abstraction. Patients who had documented fluorescence in situ hybridization testing within 30 days prior to or 90 days following the start of first-line treatment were included. HRCAs, including gain or amplification 1q21, deletion 17p, t(4;14), t(14;16) and t(14;20), were identified and categorized as 0, 1, or 2+ HRCAs. Our outcomes of interest were real world progression free survival (rwPFS) and overall survival (rwOS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics and treatment including time-dependent receipt of autologous stem cell transplantation.Results: From a cohort of 4889 MM patients, there were 790 (16%) Black and 2995 (61%) White patients with median ages at diagnosis of 68 and 70 years, respectively. Compared to White patients, a higher proportion of Black patients had IgG M-protein (61% vs 55%) and a lower proportion had 1+ HRCAs identified (31% vs 34%). Among all racial groups, compared to patients aged <65 years (N=1771), a higher proportion of patients aged 65+ years (N=3118) had IgA M-protein (21% vs 17%) and 1+ HRCAs identified (35% vs 33%).Multivariable models showed evidence of significant statistical interaction between age and prevalence of HRCA for rwPFS (P-int: 0.02). Among White patients, having 2+ HRCAs (“double-hit MM”) compared to no HRCAs was associated with worse rwPFS in both younger and older patients (<65 years: HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.93-4.32, P<0.01; 65+ years: HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.18-1.94, P<0.01). Among Black patients, associations between double-hit MM and rwPFS were attenuated and not statistically significant regardless of age (<65 years: HR 1.81, 95% CI 0.69-4.74, P=0.23; 65+ years: HR 1.61, 95% CI 0.92-2.81, P=0.09).Similarly, we also found evidence of statistical interaction between age and prevalence of HRCA for rwOS (P-int: 0.02). Among White patients, double-hit MM was significantly associated with worse rwOS but the magnitude of increased risk differed for younger (HR 3.39, 95% CI 2.24-5.14, P<0.01) and older (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.27-2.05, P<0.01) patients. Double-hit MM was significantly associated with worse rwOS among older Black patients (HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.03-3.06, P=0.04), but not younger Black patients (HR 1.60, 95% CI 0.58-4.40, P=0.36).Conclusions: In this cohort of newly diagnosed MM patients treated in routine practice, having double-hit MM was differentially predictive of poor survival across age groups. Double-hit MM was associated with worse rwPFS and rwOS among White patients, but these trends were less consistent among Black patients. Our current understanding of cytogenetic risk stratification of MM requires further study and additional data for identifying low- and high-risk subsets of patients across different ages and racial groups.Figure. Kaplan-Meier survivor functions for rwPFS in White (Panel A) and Black (Panel B) patients by age group and number of HRCAs [Display omitted] DisclosuresCalip: Flatiron Health: Current Employment; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Pfizer: Research Funding. Ascha: Flatiron Health: Current Employment; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Wang: Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Flatiron Health: Current Employment. Pierre: Flatiron Health, Inc: Current Employment; Roche: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Maignan: Flatiron Health: Current Employment; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Wadé: Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Flatiron Health: Current Employment. Leng: Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Flatiron Health: Current Employment. Seymour: Karyopharm: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Pharmacyclics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Flatiron Health Inc: Current Employment. Patel: Janssen: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy. Neparidze: Eidos Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding.

Capua, Italien. Das Amphitheater von Capua in Kampanien. Die Arbeiten des Jahres 2019

The Gladiators’ Chamber’s walls and vault in Capua’s amphitheater still retain portions of their painted decoration. The same decorative pattern on the walls, interrupted by pillars, was repeated for each bay. The decoration is articulated into a dark red plinth, a middle zone divided into three white panels by red pillars, and an upper zone, separated by a stucco frame, within the space of the lunette. The panels in the middle zone are further framed by polychrome »embroidery borders«. The ones on the side contain small squares with a blue background; the central ones preserve no trace of decorative elements. The upper field is framed by a red band, the centre of which is occupied by a dark red square. The decorative scheme and the chromatic range suggest a chronology included within the first half of the second century – more likely around the first quarter of it, because of the consistent classical reminiscences. The embroidery borders for example, which were very popular in Pompeii, have been reworked according to a new decorative taste. Other elements, such as pillars and bands marking the panels and some details of the lunette, evoke paintings belonging to the full second century, such as some walls of the domus in Piazza dei Cinquecento in Rome and some mausoleums of the Vatican Necropolis.

Evaluation of CSF1R-related adult onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia diagnostic criteria.

Diagnostic criteria for adult onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) due to colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) mutation have recently been proposed. Our objective was to assess their accuracy in an independent multicenter cohort. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic criteria for ALSP (including the "probable" and "possible" definitions) in a national cohort of 22 patients with CSF1R mutation, and 59 patients with an alternative diagnosis of adult onset inherited leukoencephalopathy. Overall, the sensitivity of the diagnostic criteria for ALSP was 82%, including nine of 22 patients diagnosed as probable and nine of 22 diagnosed as possible. Twenty of the 59 CSF1R mutation-negative leukoencephalopathies fulfilled the diagnostic criteria, leading to a specificity of 66%. Diagnostic criteria for ALSP have an overall limited sensitivity along with a modest specificity. We suggest that in patients suspected of genetic leukoencephalopathy, a comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging pattern-based approach is warranted, together with white matter gene panel or whole exome sequencing.

Colour Preference of the Deer Ked Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae).

Simple SummaryInsects use visual stimuli to find habitats, food, or a mate while moving around. This trait might be exploited to intercept flying insects to monitor their populations and reduce their presence. Among the various visual stimuli, colours are commonly used to attract insects. Lipoptena fortisetosa is a hematophagous deer ectoparasite native to Japan that has spread to several central European countries and was recently recorded in Italy. Measures to monitor and control L. fortisetosa would be helpful given its potential threat as a pathogen vector for animals and humans. The objective of this research was to assess the potential use of colour to attract and trap L. fortisetosa. The response of the winged adults was evaluated through an experimental trial carried out in a wooded area of Tuscany using differently coloured sticky panels as traps. Blue panels attracted the highest number while yellow panels showed the lowest performance. This preference for blue could be useful in the design of traps to reduce the population of this parasitic fly which, at certain times, can reach a very high density, causing annoyance to wildlife and humans visiting natural areas.Lipoptena fortisetosa, a deer ked native to Japan, has established itself in several European countries and was recently recorded in Italy. This hippoboscid ectoparasite can develop high density populations, causing annoyance to animals and concern regarding the potential risk of transmitting pathogens to humans. No monitoring or control methods for L. fortisetosa have been applied or tested up to now. This research evaluated the possible response of L. fortisetosa winged adults to different colours as the basis for a monitoring and control strategy. In the summer of 2020, a series of six differently coloured sticky panels were randomly set as traps in a wooded area used by deer for resting. The results indicated a clear preference of the deer ked for the blue panels that caught the highest number of flies during the experimental period. Lower numbers of flies were trapped on the red, green, black, and white panels, with the yellow panels recording the fewest captures. The response clearly demonstrates that this species displays a colour preference, and that coloured traps might be useful for monitoring and limiting this biting ectoparasite in natural areas harbouring wildlife and visited by people.

Space-luminance crossmodal correspondences in domestic chicks

Crossmodal correspondences are spontaneous associations of non-redundant information across different modalities. Infants and some non-human animals (i.e., chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and dogs) showed crossmodal correspondences like adult humans, suggesting a shared origin (at least among mammals) of such a phenomenon.Here we investigate visual-spatial crossmodal correspondences in a precocial avian species, i.e., the domestic chicken. Three-day-old chicks (n = 40) were presented with two (one in the left and one in the right hemispace of an arena) identical panels, either dyed black (low luminance) or white (high luminance). Chicks could circumnavigate either panel to obtain a food reward. Akin to humans, they preferentially chose the left side when presented with black panels and the right side when presented with white panels. The control group (n = 39), tested with grey panels, showed no spatial preference. In light of our results, we discuss crossmodal correspondences in terms of an early available mechanism widespread across different species.

Evaluation of light-traps with coloured glue-boards for sampling and control of the house fly &lt;em&gt;Musca domestica&lt;/em&gt; L.

Results regarding the combination of light-traps and coloured glue-boards for the trap and control of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are reported. Monitoring was performed using as basic structure PRO 80S UV fluorescent fly traps in a confinement swine farm in the south of Italy. During the trials, neon traps with a combination of glue-boards (yellow vs black and yellow vs white) and neon vs LED traps with yellow glue-boards were evaluated. Results indicated that yellow and black glue-boards were equally attractive to flies, with no significant differences. Light-traps captured significantly more flies when a white glue-board was used rather than a yellow panel. The neon lamp attracted significantly more flies than the LED lamp. According to our results, light-traps with white panels have potential to be employed in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for monitoring and controlling house flies in livestock farms and in food processing, reducing risks in dissemination of pathogens which have the potential to affect humans or animals.

1701. Added Benefits of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use on HIV Incidence with Minimal Changes in Efficiency in the Context of High Treatment Engagement among Men Who Have Sex with Men

BackgroundAlthough there is ongoing debate over the need for substantial increases in PrEP use when antiretroviral treatment confers the dual benefits of reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality and the risk of HIV transmission, no studies to date have quantified the potential added benefits of PrEP use in settings with high treatment engagement across variable sub-epidemics in the United States.MethodsWe used a previously published agent-based network model to simulate HIV transmission in a dynamic network of 17,440 Black/African American and White MSM in Atlanta, Georgia from 2015 to 2024 to understand how the magnitude of reductions in HIV incidence attributable to varying levels of PrEP use (0–90%) changes in potential futures where high levels of treatment engagement (i.e. the UNAIDS ‘90-90-90’ goals and eventual ‘95-95-95’ goals) are achieved and maintained, as compared to current levels of treatment engagement in Atlanta (Figure 1).Model inputs related to HIV treatment engagement among Black/African American and White men who have sex with men in Atlanta. A comparison of current levels of treatment engagement (Panel A) to treatment engagement at ‘90-90-90’ (Panel B) and ‘95-95-95’ goals (Panel C).ResultsEven at achievement and maintenance of ‘90-90-90’ goals, 75% PrEP coverage reduced incidence rates by an additional 67.9% and 74.2% to 1.53 (SI: 1.39, 1.70) and 0.355 (SI: 0.316, 0.391) per 100 person-years for Black/African American and White MSM, respectively (Figure 2), compared to the same scenario with no PrEP use. Additionally, an increase from 15% PrEP coverage to 75% under ‘90-90-90’ goals only increased person-years of PrEP use per HIV infection averted, a measure of efficiency of PrEP, by 8.1% and 10.5% to 26.7 (SI: 25.6, 28.0) and 73.3 (SI: 70.6, 75.7) among Black/African American MSM and White MSM, respectively (Figure 3). Overall (Panel A) and race-stratified (Panel B and Panel C) marginal changes in HIV incidence over ten years among Black/African American and White men who have sex with men in Atlanta across scenarios of varied levels of treatment engagement among agents living with HIV infection and levels of pre-exposure prophylaxis use among HIV-uninfected agents. Note: All changes are calculated within each set of treatment scenarios relative to a scenario where no agents use pre-exposure prophylaxis. Person-years of pre-exposure prophylaxis use per HIV infection averted among Black/African American (Panel A) and White (Panel B) men who have sex with men in Atlanta across scenarios of varied levels of treatment engagement among agents living with HIV infection and levels of pre-exposure prophylaxis use among HIV-uninfected agents. Note: The number of HIV infections averted is calculated within each set of treatment scenarios relative to a scenario where no agents use pre-exposure prophylaxis. ConclusionEven in the context of high treatment engagement, substantial expansion of PrEP use still contributes to meaningful decreases in HIV incidence among MSM with minimal changes in person-years of PrEP use per HIV infection averted, particularly for Black/African American MSM.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Chromatic design and application of restoration mortars on smooth surfaces of white and GRAY concrete

AbstractAlthough the recognized importance of color match both in white and gray Concrete Heritage interventions, the production and application of restoration mortars are often performed without an accurate color matching between the concrete surface and the repaired area. This paper presents the Gray Concrete Restoration Method (GCR‐method), developed to define and apply restoration mortars to smooth white and gray concrete surfaces. The GCR‐method comprises: (i) production of restoration mortars (from white to different gray levels) by adding black pigment to reference mortars; (ii) chromatic characterization by image processing; (iii) production and application of restoration mortar; (iv) chromatic evaluation of the restoration; and (v) chromatic reintegration in the transition zone and/or in the restoration, by applying pointillism and glaze techniques depending on whether are white or gray surfaces. The GCR‐method was experimentally calibrated in color spaces HSV and CIELAB, respectively for brightness (V) and color differences (ΔE00) evaluation; then, it was applied and validated to the restoration of white and gray concrete panels with smooth surfaces. The results show the desired chromatic compatibility between the original surface and the restoration, not noticeable to the naked eye. Further, the chromatic reintegration procedures demonstrate that color analysis is fundamental for the decision‐making of restoration interventions in Concrete Heritage.

A 3D white referencing method for soybean leaves based on fusion of hyperspectral images and 3D point clouds

In recent years, plant phenotyping technologies have been widely applied to evaluate complex plant traits such as morphology, physiology, ecology, biochemistry, tolerance, growth and yield. Hyperspectral/multispectral cameras, artificial lighting sources, mechanisms and computers together capture images of different species of plants. Due to the non-uniform intensity of lighting sources in different wavelengths, raw images need to be calibrated using white references. Flat white panels are typically scanned as a white reference. However, geometrical factors such as leaf tilt angles cannot be calibrated by flat white references. In this publication, the effectiveness of using angled white reference to calibrate corresponding raw images was first demonstrated. Furthermore, a 3D white referencing library integrating different angles and spatial positions in the system of a hyperspectral camera and a Kinect V2 depth sensor was created. Thus, a pixel on the leaf surface can be calibrated by a point with the nearest tilt angle and spatial position in the 3D referencing library. The validating samples for this referencing library were soybean leaves grown in a greenhouse. The results showed that the reflectance spectra after 3D calibration were closer to the standard calibration (flat leaf calibrated by flat white reference) than the conventional flat white referencing calibration. Furthermore, the pixel-level normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) distribution over the soybean leaf surface after 3D calibration was also closer to the standard calibration. This proposed 3D white referencing method had the potential to improve calibration quality of plant images. Integrating with LiDAR sensors, this new approach has an opportunity to be applied in field environments.

P099 LEUKOCYTOCLASTIC VASCULITIS AFTER USTEKINUMAB INDUCTION IN CROHN’S DISEASE: A CASE SERIES AND SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract Ustekinumab (UST) is an effective treatment for Crohn’s disease (CD). Here we present two cases of leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) in CD patients after UST induction therapy with a review of the literature. Patient #1: A 26 year old woman with a 14 year history of Crohn’s ileocolitis. She was previously treated with 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, and vedolizumab without durable response. She ultimately underwent a left hemicolectomy due to development of a sigmoid stricture and was started on UST postoperatively. Thirty-six days after her initial UST intravenous (IV) infusion of 390 milligrams (mg) she developed new partially blanching, erythematous, non-tender, non-pruritic macules and papules over the right medial thigh, which later evolved into palpable purpura involving both lower extremities (Figure 1A). She reported no gastrointestinal (GI) or other symptoms. White blood cell (WBC) count and metabolic panel were normal. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer was 1:80. Perinuclear pattern antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) were positive. C-reactive protein (CRP) was elevated to 41.5 mg/liter (L). One lesion was biopsied, and pathology findings were consistent with LCV (Figure 1B). She was started on colchicine 0.6 mg daily with improvement in her rash and has received her second dose of UST without further complications. Patient #2: A 29 year old woman with a 6 year history of Crohn’s ileocolitis. Her prior treatments include budesonide, mesalamine, and infliximab. While on infliximab, she developed jejunal and ileal ulcers on video capsule endoscopy. Infliximab was discontinued, and UST was started. Three months following initial IV induction therapy of UST, she developed pink purpuric papules and hemorrhagic vesicles involving her bilateral shins, dorsal feet, calves, and bilateral extensor forearms. The appearance of the rash was consistent with LCV (Figure 2). She was started on prednisone at 60 mg daily for 1 week with taper resulting in complete resolution of her rash. UST was continued with no recurrence. WBC count and metabolic panel were normal. ANCA was negative, and ANA titer was 1:80. CRP was elevated to 13.2 mg/L. Literature review revealed only one prior published case report of a patient with inflammatory bowel disease developing LCV after administration of UST. In this case, UST was discontinued since re-administration caused the rash to return. Here we have two patients who developed LCV soon after initiating UST therapy, although after treatment with prednisone/colchicine, there was no recurrence with continuing UST. It is possible to develop LCV in association with CD alone; however, these patients had longstanding disease without occurrence of LCV until being started on UST. Moreover, patient #1, was in remission from a Crohn’s disease standpoint at the time of UST initiation and onset of the rash.

Optimizing Outcomes in Urological Surgery: Preoperative Care.

Understanding best practices in preoperative care is critical for quality of care for our urology patients. We compiled a concise resource that provides recommendations for optimizing preoperative outcomes for patients undergoing urological surgery. Urological preoperative care was defined as medical evaluation or treatment received in preparation for surgery or a procedure. The Preoperative White Paper Panel was comprised of practicing urologists and nurses. The topic was researched via literature published from 1980 through 2018 which focused on preoperative evaluation and safety. Best practice recommendations were also reviewed from specialty societies. Recommendations in this article reflect expert opinion from the Panel, and are based on review of available evidence and existing best practice statements. Preoperative optimization involves a good assessment and stratification of surgical risk for the patient about to undergo surgery or a procedure. This assessment starts with a timely history and physical evaluation, as well as review of underlying frailty and cognition. The assessment helps inform potential postoperative needs. Risk stratification calculators are available to determine potential cardiac and pulmonary morbidity as well as overall surgical risk. Optimization of endocrine and gastrointestinal comorbidities can also reduce complications for patients. Modifiable preoperative behaviors and needs such as malnutrition and smoking cessation should also be discussed before surgery. We summarize the preoperative factors that may impact surgical outcomes in urology. By understanding and applying best practices for preoperative care, urologists can optimize the quality of care for their patients.

Using automated video analysis to study fish escapement through escape panels in active fishing gears: Application to the effect of net colour

Quantification of the escapement rate of unwanted fish through a selective device is usually based on catch comparison. This study proposes a new, time efficient method to automatically compare two selective devices by automated counting of fish escapements through each selective device based on video sequences. First, sea trials were conducted to record video sequences of fish escaping a white and black square mesh panel. Then, all of the underwater sequences were automatically analysed by a computer vision software for automated object detection and tracking. Finally, the algorithm was assessed using 150 min of video sequences analysed by humans. We observed that the variability in escapements rate between all the observers on reference video sequences could reach 5%. As the difference in escapements rate between the algorithm and the observers was lower than the variability between observers, the automated approach was validated. The software detected a significant difference in fish escapement rate according to the net colour in the camera field of view: 60% of all fish escaped through the white panel. Our results suggest that net colour influences the escape rates of fish. The colour of the selective device should therefore be investigated further with the aim of increasing their efficiency. Further development of the software could be done to identify species and size of the fish and assess the effectiveness of a selective device by species and size.

Comparison of Trap Designs for Detection of Euwallacea nr. fornicatus and Other Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) That Vector Fungal Pathogens of Avocado Trees in Florida.

Laurel wilt and Fusarium dieback are vascular diseases caused by fungal symbionts of invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Both diseases threaten avocado trees in Florida. Redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, is the primary vector of the laurel wilt pathogen, Raffaelea lauricola, but in recent years this symbiont has been transferred laterally to at least nine other species of ambrosia beetle, which now comprise a community of secondary vectors. Dieback disease, caused by Fusarium spp. fungi, is spread by shot hole borers in the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex. In this study, we conducted field tests in Florida avocado groves to compare efficacy of four trap designs for detection of Scolytinae. Treatments included an 8-funnel Lindgren trap, black 3-vane flight interception trap, green 3-vane interception trap, white sticky panel trap, and an unbaited sticky panel (control). In two tests targeting E. nr. fornicatus and X. glabratus, traps were baited with a two-component lure (α-copaene and quercivorol). In a test targeting other species, traps were baited with a low-release ethanol lure. For E. nr. fornicatus, sticky panels and black interception traps captured significantly more beetles than Lindgren traps; captures with green traps were intermediate. With ethanol-baited traps, 20 species of bark/ambrosia beetle were detected. Trap efficacy varied by species, but in general, sticky traps captured the highest number of beetles. Results indicate that sticky panel traps are more effective for monitoring ambrosia beetles than Lindgren funnel traps, the current standard, and may provide an economical alternative for pest detection in avocado groves.

Impacts of different radiometric calibration methods on the retrievals of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence and its relation to productivity for continuous field measurements

Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), now observed from space on a global scale, has been shown to be a powerful proxy for photosynthetic activity. Long-term in situ field canopy SIF measurements are improving, enabling better understanding of SIF signal and support to satellite missions. Since SIF retrievals rely on the absolute irradiance radiance measurements, accurate outdoor radiometric calibration is necessary to provide accurate radiance data, especially for long-term continuous measurements on forest stands. However, standard laboratory calibration methods are not practical to be performed for outdoor long-term measurements, and several in-field alternative methods are generally used, which may result in some uncertainties. Here we evaluate the effects of different radiometric calibration methods on SIF retrievals and its relation with gross primary productivity (GPP) at the canopy level. Three widely used methods are used, i.e., well-established laboratory methods with integrating sphere, laboratory-calibrated reference spectrometer (ASD FieldSpec Pro), and a light calibration source with a white reference panel. Our results indicate that different radiometric calibrations have marginal effects on vegetation indices but have significant effects on the SIF absolute value, and have slight effects on diurnal and seasonal patterns of SIF. Moreover, the relationships between GPP and SIF retrieved using different calibration coefficients are similar at both diurnal and seasonal scales, but with different regression slopes. Therefore, we recommend that a standard laboratory radiometric calibration is conducted using an integrating sphere before installation in the field and a regular in-field calibration with a well-calibrated spectrometer and white reference, especially for long-term observation above a forest canopy. Our findings have strong implications for the ongoing and future ground canopy SIF measurements and suggest the need for a consistent radiometric calibration method, especially for cross-site comparison studies.

Synthesis and Optoelectronic Characteristics of MGdAl3O7:Eu3+ Nanophosphors for Current Display Devices

Novel Eu3+ doped MGdAl3O7 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) phosphors were synthesized and examined. The samples were prepared at 600°C using solution-combustion procedure and investigated at 0.01 to 0.05 mole of dopant ion concentration. The optimal concentration of Eu3+ ions was 0.03 mole for MGdAl3O7 host matrix. On 393 nm excitation, the materials exhibited sharp red emission at 608-614 nm because of 5D0 →7F2 (electric dipole allowed) transition. Structural and phase purity of the materials were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD patterns of the phosphors exhibited single-phase tetragonal structure with P421m space group. Significant rise in the luminous intensity and crystallinity of the materials was observed with increase in temperature. Shape and size of the crystallites were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM image displayed spherical crystallites of 14-30 nm size. FTIR spectra of CaGdAl3O7 exhibited various stretching modes at 455, 699 and 776 cm–1 comparable to Ca-O, Gd-O and Al-O. Eu3+ doped MGdAl3O7 could be brilliant materials for applications in white light-emitting diodes, fluorescent panels and modern display devices.

7.2: Invited Paper: High Efficiency Internal Extraction Substrate for OLED Lighting

FOL’s OCEANCLEAR series high‐efficiency IES (internal extraction structure) substrates have actually been applied to Gen‐II line for mass production. White OLED panels made on basis of the IES substrates show a power efficacy of around 95lm/W at 1000cd/m2. A candlelight‐style desk lamp used IES panel shows a color temperature of around 1700k, a power efficacy of 60lm/W at 1000cd/m2. Mass production of IES substrates where achieved by two key technologies: one‐layer coating method and heat‐resisting carrier resin formation.

A Radiative Transfer Model-Based Multi-Layered Regression Learning to Estimate Shadow Map in Hyperspectral Images

The application of Empirical Line Method (ELM) for hyperspectral Atmospheric Compensation (AC) premises the underlying linear relationship between a material’s reflectance and appearance. ELM solves the Radiative Transfer (RT) equation under specialized constraint by means of in-scene white and black calibration panels. The reflectance of material is invariant to illumination. Exploiting this property, we articulated a mathematical formulation based on the RT model to create cost functions relating variably illuminated regions within a scene. In this paper, we propose multi-layered regression learning-based recovery of radiance components, i.e., total ground-reflected radiance and path radiance from reflectance and radiance images of the scene. These decomposed components represent terms in the RT equation and enable us to relate variable illumination. Therefore, we assume that Hyperspectral Image (HSI) radiance of the scene is provided and AC can be processed on it, preferably with QUick Atmospheric Correction (QUAC) algorithm. QUAC is preferred because it does not account for surface models. The output from the proposed algorithm is an intermediate map of the scene on which our mathematically derived binary and multi-label threshold is applied to classify shadowed and non-shadowed regions. Results from a satellite and airborne NADIR imagery are shown in this paper. Ground truth (GT) is generated by ray-tracing on a LIDAR-based surface model in the form of contour data, of the scene. Comparison of our results with GT implies that our algorithm’s binary classification shadow maps outperform other existing shadow detection algorithms in true positive, which is the detection of shadows when it is in ground truth. It also has the lowest false negative i.e., detecting non-shadowed region as shadowed, compared to existing algorithms.

Using a bio-inspired copper complex to investigate reactive mass transfer around an oxygen bubble rising freely in a thin-gap cell

The present study describes an original colorimetric method to visualize and quantify the local oxygen mass transfer around a rising bubble in reactive media. This method is based on the use of a colorless bio-inspired copper complex, Cu(btmgp)I, specially tailored for the study, which, dissolved in acetonitrile, oxidizes into an orange copper-complex [Cu2O2(btmgp)2]I2. The latter complex, unstable at ambient temperature, decays quite fast into two Cu(II) complexes, leaving a permanent pale-green color as final products. The flow investigated consists in a pure oxygen single bubble rising freely in a confined thin-gap cell (400 × 200 × 1 mm). A wide range of motion regimes for the bubbles are observed as the Archimedes number ranges from 860<Ar<18,800 and the Reynolds number from 580<Re<8200. A high-resolution 16-bit sCMOS camera, combined with specific filters, is used to capture images from a region-of-interest of the cell, illuminated by a white LED backlight panel. An ad hoc calibration protocol is developed to correlate the grey-levels from the colored signal to the equivalent oxygen concentrations. This procedure then allows to measure indirectly the amount of oxygen transferred to the liquid phase. The series of images are also treated to identify the bubble motion and properties. Thanks to this method, equivalent oxygen concentration fields, gap-averaged and time-averaged, can be reached with high precision in the far-field wake of the bubbles, enabling thus to deeply characterize the mass transfer mechanisms under reactive conditions in such confined configuration, and to establish a dimensionless representation in terms of Sherwood number versus Peclet number. At last, thanks to the knowledge of the kinetic rate of the reaction and of the diffusion coefficients, the Hatta number and the enhancement factor are estimated, and thus the intrinsic Sherwood numbers; these results demonstrate that the enhancement of the mass transfer by the reactions involved with the copper-complexes is not negligible (almost 12–15%).