White Oat Cultivars Research Articles

Physiological quality of white oat seeds produced with Nitrogen, Iron and Zinc biofortification

The main function of the seed is the perpetuation of the species, which means it is able to disperse to new environments and give rise to new plants. The use of high quality seeds is one of the determining factors for the establishment of the crop and is directly related to maximum germination potential and vigor, resulting in uniformity of the plant stand. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of white oat seeds produced under different nitrogen management and foliar biofortification with iron and zinc. In the second week of June 2021, white oat cultivar URS Corona was sown in plots of 5 lines, 5 m long each and spacing between lines of 0.20 m, totaling an experimental unit of 5 m². The treatments consisted of different doses of biofortification with Iron and Zinc applied foliarly to the plant when the inflorescence was exposed, at the beginning of grain filling. For biofortification, the source of iron used was the compound of FeSO4 7H2O and zinc, ZnSO4 5H2O was used, each nutrient was applied separately and the combination of iron + zinc at doses of 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 g ha-1, and to aplication of nitrogen use ureia 45%. Applications were carried out with a knapsack sprayer, in a spray volume of 500 liters ha-1. The experiment was harvested 130 days after emergence, in the full maturation phase, at phenological stage 90, according to the ZADOKS scale. The tests carried out to evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds were: first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, root length, shoot length, total length, seedling dry mass and electrical conductivity. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% probability of error. For the variables that showed a significant effect, an average test was carried out for qualitative sources of variation and polynomial regression for quantitative sources of variation with a 5% probability of error, carried out with the aid of the GENES software. From the evaluations, it was concluded that the use of foliar biofortification with iron and zinc alone or in combination, aplication with nitrogen influenced the physiological quality of white oat seeds.

DEVELOPMENT AND SELECTION OF WHITE OAT GENOTYPES FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTS

This work aimed to demonstrate the agronomic performance of the new white oat cultivar and to verify if it presents an ideotype for cultivation in sustainable environments. This study took place at Escola Fazenda Unijuí, located in the municipality of Augusto Pestana, in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, organized in a factorial scheme 4 white oat genotypes x 2 growing seasons (2021 and 2022). The genotypes used were a control cultivar (URS Taura), two parent cultivars (FAEM Barbarasul and FAEM Brisasul) and a candidate cultivar (URNRS22), arranged in four replications, totaling 32 experimental units. The analysis of variance at 5% probability by the F test was used. Tukey's mean comparison test was used to compare the means of the treatments. The dissimilarity matrix was calculated and multivariate selection indices were used to select genotypes with better agronomic performance. The candidate cultivar called URNRS 22 showed a superior response for panicle weight, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight and grain yield. 
 Keywords: Avena sativa; Genetical diversity; Genetic Breeding; MGIDI.

Trinexapac-ethyl application doses and times on productive performance of white oat cultivars

Trinexapac-ethyl application doses and times on productive performance of white oat cultivars

Organic system and reflections on white oat grain productivity components

The objective of the study was to evidence efficient management strategies in order to maximize the organic cultivation system promotes a new dynamic in the behavior of white oat genotypes, where it is necessary to evidence genotypes with superior performance. The study aimed to highlight the productive performance and genetic diversity of white oat genotypes in an organic system. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Augusto Pestana - RS, in the 2021 crop year. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four treatments arranged in five replications. The treatments correspond to the cultivars IPR Artemis, URS Taura, URS Corona and URS Brava. It is observed that there is a possibility of indirect selection of productive genotypes through the mass of grains per panicle and number of grains per panicle. Brava and Taura are the most divergent genotypes. Through the analysis of the white oat genotypes, it is highlighted that it is possible to promote the proper positioning of the genotypes in the organic system. In addition, the existence of genetic divergence between the genotypes is evidenced. The components that determined the productivity of white oat cultivars in organic system were number of plants per square meter, number and grain weight per plant. The cultivar IPR Artemis and URS Taura showed similarity for plant height and height of panicle insertion, tillering and grain yield, URS Brava and URS Corona are similar in terms of the number of grains per plant. IPR Artemis is recommended for grain yield in an organic system.

Agronomic performance of white oats in organic system in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul

This work aimed to position white oat cultivars for the organic system, and to highlight which characteristics determine grain yield and their interrelationships. The research was conducted at Instituto Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural belonging to Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, located in the municipality of Augusto Pestana – RS. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with treatments arranged in four replications. The treatments corresponded to the cultivars: IPR Artemis, IPR Afrodite, URS Corona, URS Brava and URS Taura. The characters measured in the useful area of ​​each experimental unit were: final plant population per square meter (PPSM, units), days between sowing and flowering (DF, days), days between sowing and maturation (DM, days) , number of tillers (TILL, units), percentage of lodging (LOG, %), intensity of diseases damage (INTD, %), plant height (PH, cm), height of panicle insertion (HPI, cm), number of panicles per square meter (NPSM, units), number of grains per panicle (NGP, units), grain weight per panicle (GWP, g), thousand grain weight (TGW, g), grain yield (GY, kg). The cultivar URS Afrodite is superior for plant height, height of panicle insertion, number of panicles per square meter. The cultivar URS Corona stood out for the number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle with a grain yield of 1885.08 kg ha-1 and low incidence of diseases, being recommended for the organic system in the Northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul.

Agronomic traits of white oat treated with the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl

The growth and yield performance of white oat cultivars may vary in response to doses of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) growth regulator. The objective of the work was to evaluate the lodging and productive performance of white oat cultivars under different doses of trinexapac-ethyl growth regulator. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with four doses of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 50, 100 and 150 g ha-1) applied in the phenological stage between the 1st visible stalk node and the 2nd perceptible node in two white oat cultivars (URS Altiva and URS Corona). The following were evaluated: plant height, panicle length, panicles per m2, spikelets per panicle, grains per spikelet, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, plant lodging and grain yield. The application of trinexapac-ethyl at doses 100 and 150 g ha-1 reduces plant height and panicle components: length, number of spikelets and grains per panicle of the two cultivars. TE doses above 100 g ha-1 provide a significant reduction in lodging with an increase in the number of panicles per m2 and in grain yield for the two white oat cultivars.

Artificial Intelligence in the Simulation of Fungicide Management Scenarios for Satisfactory Yield and Food Safety in oat Crops

Purpose: The objective of the study is to analyze the management of the fungicide that seeks a longer interval between the last application and the harvest of oat grains, with an indication of the cultivars with the highest satisfactory productivity without application in the grain filling. Validate artificial neural network models in the expectation of satisfactory productivity with food security, through the interaction between management, pathogen, genotype, and environment. Method/design/approach: The study was conducted in 2015, 2016, 2017, in a randomized block design, in a 22 x 4 factorial scheme, for 22 white oat cultivars (recommended and no longer present in the current Brazilian recommendation) and 4 fungicide application conditions (no application; one application at 60 days after emergence (DAE); two applications, 60 and 75 DAE; and three applications, at 60, 75, 90 DAE), with three repetitions. Results and conclusion: The oat cultivars URS Altiva, URS, Guará, URS Charrua, FAEM 4 Carlasul, IPR Aphrodite, and UPFPS Farroupilha showed satisfactory yields in absence of fungicide applications. URS Altiva, FAEM 4 Carlasul, and IPR Aphrodite showed significant yield increases with fungicide application before grain filling. Artificial neural networks are efficient in predicting productivity and are a reliable alternative for simulating scenarios to validate more sustainable management practices. Originality/value: An unprecedented study seeking more sustainable managements to reduce the use of fungicides in the control of oat diseases and development of simulation models by artificial intelligence, providing opportunities for analysis of different scenarios of the complex interaction plant, pathogen, and environment.

Use of inhibitors and protectors in the tolerance of white oat cultivars to the penoxsulam herbicide

Use of inhibitors and protectors in the tolerance of white oat cultivars to the penoxsulam herbicide

Selective weed control in white oat cultivars with als-inhibiting herbicides*

Background The limited number of selective herbicides for white oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivation makes it managing weeds a challenge. Currently, few herbicide options are available for selective weed control in winter crops. Previous studies have indicated that ALS-inhibiting herbicides could be potential alternatives, so studies were conducted. Objective To characterize the tolerance level of white oat cultivars to ALS-inhibiting herbicides and to evaluate the level of weed control by applying penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium. Methods Tolerance (%) was determined [...]

Trinexapac-ethyl alters the expression of descriptors for identifying white oat cultivars

Trinexapac-ethyl reduces lodging in white oat, but its use in seed production fields requires knowledge of its impact on the expression of descriptors, under penalty of compromising the identification of cultivars. In this work, six white oat cultivars of different stature classes (Low: Brisasul and URS Taura; Medium: IPR Artemis; High: URS Altiva, URS Brava and URS 21) were evaluated for the state of expression of descriptors in response to the application of 100 g a.i ha-1 of trinexapac-ethyl when the primary stalk had the first visible node and the second perceptible node. Over two years, the experiments were carried out with different rainfall conditions (2017/2018), in a split-plot design, with three replications. The phenotypic variability in response to product application varied according to cultivar and year. Seven out of 23 descriptorschanged the state of expression in response to trinexapac-ethyl, in greater magnitude for plant length, followed by lemma length and panicle branching position, cycle, floral and glume axis lengths, and density of plants panicle. Trinexapac-ethyl reduced plant length, floral axis and glume, anticipated flowering, increased panicle density and lemma length. Regardless of year, the cultivars with the greatest phenotypic stability to the application of trinexapac-ethyl were Brisasul (96%) and Taura (91%), and the least stable was URS Altiva (83%). The stability of the other cultivars was yeardependent, with the greatest change in phenotypic expression in the year of lower water availability.

CHARACTERIZATION OF OAT BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION1

ABSTRACT Biomass produced in agricultural areas stores energy that can be used, contributing to regional development. Among the widely cultivated agricultural species is oats, destined for the production of not only grains and forage, but also biomass. The objective of this study was to characterize oat biomass in terms of the potential for energy generation considering the genetic and cultivation environment variability. Four field experiments were conducted in the state of Paraná and one in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with black oat (Avena strigosa) and white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars. At the milky grain stage, plants were collected to quantify the production of shoot biomass and its qualitative variables for energy production and energy potential. Biomass yield varied between cultivars and cultivation sites. The mean higher calorific value was 17.9 MJ Kg-1, varying more between cultivation sites than between cultivars, being inversely proportional to the ash content. The contents of carbon, fixed carbon, volatile materials and nitrogen in the biomass did not vary between oat cultivars. The power generation potential varied widely between cultivars and cultivation sites, from 1557 to 3091 KWh ha-1, influenced mainly by the biomass yield, which overlaps the effects of the variations found in biomass quality. We concluded that oats are a species with high potential for use as an energy product, and the selection of the most productive cultivars regionally is crucial.

Late nitrogen topdressing increases nutritional and industrial quality of white oat (Avena sativa) grain

Nitrogen is a nutrient that most limits the development, biomass yield and protein composition of Poaceae. The N losses can be reduced by synchronizing fertilizer additions with plant uptake requirements. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of N topdressing at different rates and times on grain yield and industrial quality of two white oat cultivars. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, from July to November of 2014, in a factorial design 2 x 3 x 4, with four replications. Two oat cultivars (URS Guria and URS Brava) combined with nitrogen topdressing were applied under three management systems: (i) semi-late, (ii) late and (iii) semi-late plus late, described as a growth stages (GS) GS31 (first node visible) and GS45 (booting) or split N on GS31 plus GS45 and N rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) with urea as a source. White oat cultivars responded differently to nitrogen fertilization. The URS Brava cultivar showed higher hectoliter weight (HW) and crude protein in the grains (CP) and URS Guria higher number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) and plant lodging (LOD). Application of at least part of the N at the first detectable node played important role on grain yield and yield components. Splitting N fertilization in two applications, 50% at the beginning of stem elongation and 50% at booting, favored higher yield and protein content of the grains. The increase in N rates up to 90 kg ha-1 did not promote grain yield, but it provided increases in grain thickness and protein content in white oats cultivars, increasing the nutritional (more protein), industrial quality (more flakes per ton of the grains) and grain yield leading to more profit to farmer.

Sowing dates and densities on physiological potential of seeds of white oat cultivars

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds of white oat cultivars grown at different sowing dates and densities. Two independent experiments were conducted with two different sowing dates in a randomized block experimental design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four sowing densities (180, 240, 300, and 360 viable seed.m-2) and two cultivars (IPR Afrodite and IPR Artemis). The following evaluations were made: thousand seed weight, germination percentage, first germination count, seedling length, seedling dry matter, emergence speed index, and seedling emergence in sand. Joint analysis of variance was carried out on the data regarding sowing dates separately for the cultivars. The mean values for sowing dates were compared by the F test; and polynomial regression analysis up to the second degree at 5% probability was conducted on the densities. The seeds produced by the plants grown from the first sowing date had better vigor than those produced by plants from the later sowing date. The increase in sowing density reduces the weight and vigor of the seeds produced by plants from the second sowing date. For the IPR Afrodite and IPR Artemis cultivars, the use of 180 seed.m-2 in the first growing period allows production of seeds with greater physiological potential.

Performance of white oat cultivars in response to nitrogen fertilization and trinexapac-ethyl

The application of N at the appropriate time and dose can increase oat crop efficiency by increasing grain yield through changes in production components. High doses of N, depending on the genotype and the environment, can result in plant lodging, which can be addressed with the use of growth retardants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield components, lodging, and productivity of white oat cultivars cultivated at two planting locations under different N levels with trinexapac-ethyl growth retardant. Two assays (with and without the application of the growth retardant agent) were used in the experiments, which were set up in the region of Londrina and Mauá da Serra, Parana State, Brazil, in a randomized block design with split plots and four replications. The plots consisted of four white oat cultivars (IPR Afrodite, IPR Artemis, URS Corona, and URS Guria) and the subplots of four doses of N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1). Plant height, number of panicles per unit area, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, lodging of plants, and grain yield were evaluated. For the conditions under which the experiments were conducted, the growth regulator decreased plant height and lodging. Furthermore, the growth regulator in combination with N topdressing increased the number of panicles per unit area. Thus, the increase in grain yield with the application of a growth retardant was dependent on the characteristics of the plant growth environment. The response of genotypes to N fertilization was also dependent on the soil and climatic characteristics of the environment.

White oat agronomic performance and cultivar reactions to leaf rust and leaf spot

The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of white oat cultivars available in the Brazilian market, under distinct environments, to identify genotypes resistant to leaf rust and leaf spot. The study evaluated 22 white oat cultivars originated from several Brazilian breedingprograms. Independent experiments were conducted during the winter crop of 2013 in Londrina and Mauá da Serra, Paraná state, being the cultivars tested under two conditions: with and without the application of fungicides. The incidence of leaf rust, leaf spot, grain yield and hectoliter weight were evaluated. The following cultivars showed genetic resistance to leaf rust: URS Charrua, URS Corona, and URS Guará. Cultivar IPR Afrodite stood out for its high yield and hectoliter weight, with values of 4950 kg.ha-1 and 49.6 kg.hL-1, respectively, under fungicides application conditions. Cultivar URS Corona remained stable in the two environments, showing less yield reduction and greater resistance to diseases. Cultivars UFFA Gauderia, UPFAFPS Farroupilha, URS Fapa Slava, FAEM Carlasul, URS 21, and URS Taura showed average grain yield over 4000 kg.ha-1 with the fungicides use.

Uni- and multivariate methods applied to the study of the adaptability and stability of white oat

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare uni- and multivariate biometric methods to evaluate the adaptability and stability of an important group of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars grown in Southern Brazil. The used experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a factorial arrangement of 12 environments x 7 cultivars, with three replicates. The analysis of variance and the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the harmonic mean of the relative performance of predicted genetic values (MHPRVG) were assessed. In the general comparison of the methods, the 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS Guapa' genotypes were more stable regarding grain yield. The 'UPFA Gaudéria' and 'URS-21' genotypes stood out for hectoliter weight, presenting the best performances by the methods of Annicchiarico and the MHPRVG. For thousand-grain weight, all methods showed similar results, indicating that the 'UPFA Gaudéria' genotype presented the best results. The 'URS Guapa' genotype was superior when using the methods of Eberhart & Russel, Annicchiarico, and the MHPRVG. The uni- and multivariate methods evaluated are suitable to estimate with high confidence the adaptability and stability of cultivars for each targeted grain production, yield, and quality.

Physiological quality of seeds of white oat cultivars in response to trinexapac-ethyl application

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on the physiological quality of seeds of different grain white oat cultivars in two growing environments. The experiments were carried out in Londrina and Maua da Serra, Parana State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with four replications. Treatments consisted of four white oat cultivars (IPR Afrodite, IPR Artemis, URS Corona, and URS Guria), with and without growth retardant application. Trinexapac-ethyl was applied by foliar spraying in a dose of 125 g a.i. ha−1 at the stem elongation stage between the first and second perceptible node. The following parameters were assessed: germination, first germination count, length and dry matter of seedling shoot and root, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence rate index, seedling emergence in sand, one-thousand-seed weight. At the end of the study, Londrina and Maua da Serra presented a production potential white oat seed with germination above the standards for the species. Trinexapac-ethyl application reduced seed vigor of the cultivars IPR Afrodite and IPR Artemis produced in Londrina and Maua da Serra, respectively.

Instability of the expression of morphological and phenological descriptors to environmental variation in white oat

Morphological and phenological characters are used in the selection, breeding, and description of plant varieties with varying genotypes. The stability of these descriptors in the face of environmental changes can determine their usefulness in situations where plant varieties must be reliably identified. The objective of this study was to verify the expression of morphological and phenological descriptors and use them to distinguish between white oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.) in two growing periods. For this, five cultivars, protected and belonging to four breeders, referred to as G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5, were sown in the typical growing season in southern Brazil (autumn-winter) and outside that period (winter-spring), and grown for forty days. The experiment was established in the field, in a randomized block design replicated three times. The cultivars were evaluated for 42 descriptors (15 quantitative and 27 qualitative). Quantitative data were analyzed by analysis of variance, the comparison of averages, and multivariate analysis by generating average euclidean distances. Qualitative data were analyzed by mode determination, followed by obtaining the similarity index. The relationship between cultivars was illustrated by dendrograms. The stability index for each descriptor was calculated. A genotype x environment interaction was observed for 28 descriptors. The stability of descriptor appearance and persistence over the growing season was higher in qualitative (44%) than in quantitative (7%) descriptors. The most stable qualitative descriptors were lemma color, hairiness of the upper node, flag leaf position, hairiness of the base of the grain, basal grain length, and rachilla length. The most stable quantitative descriptor was flag leaf length. Shifting the white oat growing season from autumn-winter to winter-spring reduced the cycle and modified the expression of most descriptors by changing the phenotypic distinctness between cultivars.

Discriminating Important Agronomic and Industrial Parameters of White Oat Cultivars Treated with Fungicide Based on SIMCA Algorithm

Discriminating Important Agronomic and Industrial Parameters of White Oat Cultivars Treated with Fungicide Based on SIMCA Algorithm

Performance of white oat cultivars for grain chemical content

The chemical analysis of market-available white oat cultivars allows for their optimized use for processing, consumption, and in blocks of crosses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the per...