Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the growth retardant trinexapac-ethyl on the physiological quality of seeds of different grain white oat cultivars in two growing environments. The experiments were carried out in Londrina and Maua da Serra, Parana State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with four replications. Treatments consisted of four white oat cultivars (IPR Afrodite, IPR Artemis, URS Corona, and URS Guria), with and without growth retardant application. Trinexapac-ethyl was applied by foliar spraying in a dose of 125 g a.i. ha−1 at the stem elongation stage between the first and second perceptible node. The following parameters were assessed: germination, first germination count, length and dry matter of seedling shoot and root, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence rate index, seedling emergence in sand, one-thousand-seed weight. At the end of the study, Londrina and Maua da Serra presented a production potential white oat seed with germination above the standards for the species. Trinexapac-ethyl application reduced seed vigor of the cultivars IPR Afrodite and IPR Artemis produced in Londrina and Maua da Serra, respectively.
Highlights
Seed quality can be interpreted as its ability to perform functions essential to its survival, characterized by germination and vigor, which affect implantation, growth, development, and productive performance of the crop under field conditions (SCHUCH; KOLCHINSKI; CANTARELLI, 2008).The physiological behavior of seeds is related to genotype (MARCOS FILHO, 2015) due to genetic and/ or morphophysiological characteristics that make them more susceptible to damage during the formation period or after physiological maturity of seeds due to adverse climatic conditions that will influence its physiological performance (VIEIRA et al, 1998).In addition to genotype, growing environment may influence growth and development of plants and, determine the physiological potential of seeds as it provides better or worse climatic conditions during their maturation (COSTA et al, 2005)
For seeds produced in Londrina, a significant interaction between the factors growth retardant and cultivar was observed for the characteristics first count and accelerated aging
For seeds produced in Mauá da Serra, we observed an interaction effect between growth retardant and cultivar for germination, first count, length and dry matter of seedling root, accelerated aging, and electrical conductivity
Summary
In addition to genotype, growing environment may influence growth and development of plants and, determine the physiological potential of seeds as it provides better or worse climatic conditions during their maturation (COSTA et al, 2005). To understand the relationship between the environmental conditions of growing sites and productive performance of cultivars is essential for producing seeds of superior quality and with satisfactory productivity levels (SILVA et al, 2014). Due to the different growing environments, diversity of genotype characteristics, and interaction between these factors, a wide variation in the behavior of white oat cultivars is observed in relation to the occurrence of plant lodging, which is a recurrent problem in this crop (OLIVEIRA et al, 2011). The use of growth retardants is an important strategy to overcome this problem (ESPINDULA et al, 2009) and favor the obtaining of seeds with a high physiological quality (KAPPES et al, 2012)
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